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Rate versus rhythm control in atrial fibrillation
Rate versus rhythm control in atrial fibrillation

... and ensure his COPD and hypertension are well controlled. Step 3: Determine patient-specific factors that influence the choice between rate-control and rhythmcontrol strategies.  The 2010 Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) AF guidelines 1 suggest that certain patient factors favour rate control o ...
antibiotics - US Elsevier Health Bookshop
antibiotics - US Elsevier Health Bookshop

... medication as ordered; do not stop taking or increase dosage. Avoid driving or performing tasks that require mental acuity until response to drug controlled. Extremely important to refrain from alcohol and other medications during therapy and for 2–3 wks thereafter. Omit foods rich in tyramine, such ...
NEUROMUSCULAR EFFECTS OF CISATRACURIUM IN MORBIDLY OBESE PATIENTS Z
NEUROMUSCULAR EFFECTS OF CISATRACURIUM IN MORBIDLY OBESE PATIENTS Z

... Changed effects of NMB action in obese patients may contribute to the pathologies that accompany obesity and the relative decrease in the splanchnic blood flow. Changed effects of NMB agents in obese patients may attribute to increased pseudocholinesterase activity, increased extracelluler liquid vo ...
Article - The Probation Service
Article - The Probation Service

... who, fed up with the grind of addiction would go through withdrawal, cooperate with a treatment programme and do well in it for a while, but then relapse. The relapse rate at Lexintgon Hospital, the federal treatment facility where Nyswander worked, was approximately 90%. In the mid 1960s, she and D ...
Biotechnology
Biotechnology

... Upon desirable result from Phase III, New Drug Application (NDA) will be summit NDA contains data supporting the efficacy and safety of the drug Approval can take 2 month to several years, but average is around 18 to 24 months Drugs are subject to ongoing review, making sure no adverse side effects ...
recent advances in animal models of drug addiction
recent advances in animal models of drug addiction

... Electrical self-stimulation of certain brain areas is rewarding for animals and humans as demonstrated by the fact that subjects will readily self-administer the stimulation (69). The powerful nature of the reward effect produced by intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) is indicated by the behavioral ...
Mendelian Terminology
Mendelian Terminology

... If an individual has two identical alleles of a certain gene, the individual is homozygous for the related character.  Homozygous means that the letters are the same!  They could be both the dominant or recessive allele!  Examples:  YY = two yellow alleles (both dominant)  yy = two green allele ...
Gene interactions
Gene interactions

... It is possible to have more than 2 alleles for a particular trait. A common example is the ABO blood groups in humans: O is non-functional A forms a protein with A antigen B forms a protein with B antigen A and B are codominant ...
Genes and MS
Genes and MS

... between levels of vitamin D in the body and a person's genes. Vitamin D might be an environmental factor that alters the way a particular gene works. This might increase the risk of developing MS. It's not yet clear exactly what the relationship is between levels of vitamin D, genes and MS. It could ...
uncorrected page proofs
uncorrected page proofs

... nor ovaries. The testis-forming protein takes effect in about the sixth week of embryonic development, causing the gonads to develop as testes. In the absence of this protein, the gonads differentiate to form ovaries. Very rarely, a person who is chromosomally 46, XY has an altered and inactive form ...
CE Prn - WF Professional Associates
CE Prn - WF Professional Associates

... years and the patient needs the drug within hours or minutes. Thus, compounded drugs are necessarily unapproved new drugs. This is a potential regulatory violation if an agency, such as the FDA, interprets the law to require approval of all new drugs, with no exception for drugs compounded pursuant ...
One Fourth of Unplanned Transfers to a Higher Level of Care Are
One Fourth of Unplanned Transfers to a Higher Level of Care Are

... measure of patient safety (avoidable incidents in anesthesia) and effectiveness of care (lack of planning) (21, 23). Used as a screening tool, it can detect patients who possibly suffered from an avoidable iatrogenic complication (24). Posa et al (25) reported that 1–9% of all ICU admissions were un ...
Clinical and medico-legal implications of drug testing for
Clinical and medico-legal implications of drug testing for

... urine and 40% in the faeces. THC is found in blood, oral fluid, hair and sweat; 11-hydroxy-THC is also found in blood, while Carboxy-THC is the main urinary metabolite. Testing for cannabis use involves identification of either THC or Carboxy-THC, depending on the matrix. The active metabolite, 11-h ...
oral bromfenac 10 and 25 mg compared with
oral bromfenac 10 and 25 mg compared with

... Oral bromfenac provided better analgesia than sublingual buprenorphine (table II, fig. 1). Both 10and 25-mg doses of bromfenac produced significantly better analgesia than the larger dose of buprenorphine (0.4 mg). Previous studies have suggested that oral NSAID provide better analgesia than i.m. op ...
6 points each
6 points each

... “Olanzapine’s antagonism of muscarinic M1-5 receptors may explain its anticholinergic effects.” Anticholinergic effects cause dry mouth among other symptoms. Thus, relatively decreased affinity for M1-5 receptors may decrease dry mouth. The dry mouth is probably caused by blockade of peripheral M3 r ...
Applications of Genomics
Applications of Genomics

... lthough genetics and genomics play an increasingly large role in the practice of medicine, the clinical care of patients suffering from cardiovascular disease or stroke has not been significantly affected. This is despite the tremendous strides being made to understand the genetic basis of both rare ...
Introduction - HobbsAPBiology
Introduction - HobbsAPBiology

... 5. The reappearance of white-flowered plants in the F2 generation indicated that the heritable factor for the white trait was not diluted or “blended” by coexisting with the purple-flower factor in F1 hybrids. 6. Mendel found similar 3 to 1 ratios of two traits among F2 offspring when he conducted c ...
EMLA - DavisPlus - FA Davis Company
EMLA - DavisPlus - FA Davis Company

... Produces local anesthesia by inhibiting transport of ions across neuronal membranes, thereby preventing initiation and conduction of normal nerve impulses. Combination of two anesthetics is applied as a system consisting of a cream under an occlusive dressing. Active drug is released into the dermal ...
My STIVARGA® (regorafenib):
My STIVARGA® (regorafenib):

... wound healing problems. If you need to have a surgical procedure, tell your healthcare provider that you are taking STIVARGA. You should stop taking STIVARGA at least 2 weeks before any planned surgery The most common side effects with STIVARGA include tiredness, weakness, fatigue; diarrhea (frequen ...
lorenzo-genetics
lorenzo-genetics

... fact, there can be more than two different alleles and often more than one set of alleles is involved in determining any particular trait. When the alleles are identical, the individual possessing those genes is described as homozygous for that trait. When the two genes in an allele are different, ...
Effects of induction and inhibition of Cytochrome P
Effects of induction and inhibition of Cytochrome P

... metabolized by these enzymes and thereby enhance their pharmacological and toxicological effects. Induction of CYP enzymes can lower the plasma concentrations and effects of some substrates of CYP enzymes. On the other hand, if the substrate is a prodrug activated by CYP-mediated metabolism, inhibit ...
Syndromes of the first and second pharyngeal arches
Syndromes of the first and second pharyngeal arches

... associated with three important syndromes of the first and second pharyngeal arches: Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS), Oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome (AOVS) and AuriculoCondylar syndrome (ACS) or question mark ear syndrome. TCS and ACS are autosomal dominant diseases, with nearly complete penetran ...
chapter 23 - Biology Junction
chapter 23 - Biology Junction

...  Much of the DNA in eukaryotic genomes does not code for protein products.  However, some noncoding regions of DNA do regulate gene expression.  Changes in these regulatory regions of DNA can have profound effects.  Because the genetic code is redundant, some point mutations in genes that code f ...
Drug treatment of hypertensive emergencies
Drug treatment of hypertensive emergencies

... of hypotension. Constant monitoring of the blood pressure is required. Nitroprusside and other nitrovasodilators (such as nitroglycerin) that provide nitric oxide appear to induce vasodilatation via generation of cyclic GMP which then activates calciumsensitive potassium channels in the cell membran ...
FREE Sample Here
FREE Sample Here

... amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn fetus. B. Huntington’s disease and more than a thousand other disorders can be predicted based on genetic testing. C. Advancing Gene Therapy: Are we headed toward a clone age? 1. In gene therapy, genes to correct a particular disease are injected into a patient’ ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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