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Drug regulatory failure in Canada: The case of Diane-35
Drug regulatory failure in Canada: The case of Diane-35

... never approved in Canada. 8 9 This is not a useful comparison in a Canadian context. The third study compared Diane-35 to a contraceptive pill that is approved in Canada, but not as a treatment for acne.10 Thus this comparison was also inappropriate. None of the three double-blind randomized control ...
ROBERT E. GOLDSTEIN and STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN 1973;48:917-920 doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.48.5.917
ROBERT E. GOLDSTEIN and STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN 1973;48:917-920 doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.48.5.917

... certain nitrates to metabolic destruction may be nullified by the necessity of these molecules to appear in higher concentration before the desired effect is achieved. When 16 different nitrate esters were given in doses producing an equal fall in blood pressure, the duration of action of each on bl ...
MiSeqDx Cystic Fibrosis 139-Variant Assay Physician Insert
MiSeqDx Cystic Fibrosis 139-Variant Assay Physician Insert

... inheriting a defective copy of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance receptor (CFTR) gene from each parent that contains genetic mutations1,2. Typically CF individuals are diagnosed through newborn screening programs and confirmed with sweat chloride testing by the age of two3. To date, over ...
Hormones, Supplements, and Ergogenic Aids: Use and
Hormones, Supplements, and Ergogenic Aids: Use and

... vitamins, fish oil, and ephedrine-containing/caffeine containing products. An average of ~3.6-3.3 steroidal agents were used during the OFF and PRE seasons respectively. Common nonsteroidal agents included clenbuterol, liothyromine, and clomifene. ...
A prevalent mutation with founder effect in Spanish Recessive
A prevalent mutation with founder effect in Spanish Recessive

College of Pharmacy/University of Baghdad
College of Pharmacy/University of Baghdad

... 1-Monitoring therapy for open-angle glaucoma should be individualized. IOP response is assessed every 4 to 6 weeks initially, every 3 to 4 months after IOP become acceptable, and more frequently after therapy is changed. The visual field and disk changes are monitored annually, unless glaucoma is un ...
Mendel’s Laws and Genetics Douglas Wilkin, Ph.D. Jean Brainard, Ph.D.
Mendel’s Laws and Genetics Douglas Wilkin, Ph.D. Jean Brainard, Ph.D.

... (76 percent) had purple flowers and 224 (24 percent) had white flowers. Thus, Mendel’s results were very close to the 75 percent purple and 25 percent white you would expect by the laws of probability for this type of cross. Of course, Mendel had only phenotypes to work with. He knew nothing about g ...
Beclomethasone/formoterol versus budesonide/formoterol combination therapy in asthma
Beclomethasone/formoterol versus budesonide/formoterol combination therapy in asthma

... ABSTRACT: The present study was designed to compare the fixed combination of beclomethasone and formoterol in a hydrofluoroalkane Modulite1 (Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy) pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI), with a combination of budesonide and formoterol administered via a Turbuhaler1 (Ast ...
Pain Management: Pain is inevitable. Suffering is
Pain Management: Pain is inevitable. Suffering is

... – Remove old patch before applying new one – Apply patch intact (do not cut) – May use tape around the edges of patch to hold in place – Do not apply heat – To discard, fold in half and flush down the toilet ...
Clinical pharmacology of filgrastim following high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation.
Clinical pharmacology of filgrastim following high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation.

... by Eqs. A and B (r = 0.63; P < 0.001). Model 1, plot of the change in filgrastim CIs from end to beginning ...
D I NEW DRUGS - Ontario Pharmacists Association
D I NEW DRUGS - Ontario Pharmacists Association

... a further publication11 of the same trial reported that diltiazem CD was associated with statistically significant differences from diltiazem SR in the change from baseline in early morning changes (i.e., from 5:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m.) in mean arterial pressure (p<0.005) and mean DBP (p<0.001). It is ...
Sheet#4,Dr.Alia,Sura Khrisat
Sheet#4,Dr.Alia,Sura Khrisat

Prophylactic Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation
Prophylactic Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation

... bind and block on the cardiac cell membrane1. However, this classification has well-recognized limitations such as the oversimplification of concepts about AAD, the common grouping of drugs with dissimilar actions, the inability to group certain drugs accurately, and the failure to take into account ...
Rethinking and Restructuring the FDA Drug Approval Process in
Rethinking and Restructuring the FDA Drug Approval Process in

... Although the VIGOR study was designed to measure the GI toxicity of Vioxx for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, it actually demonstrated that patients taking Vioxx suffered over twice as many cardiovascular events than the naproxen control group. 13 Study 090 produced similar results. 14 Based on ...
Lyophilisates for drug delivery in ophthalmology: pharmacokinetics
Lyophilisates for drug delivery in ophthalmology: pharmacokinetics

... Results: At all times anterior chamber fluorescein concentration was greater in the lyophysilate treated eye than the solution treated eye. The magnitude of this difference ranged from 2–5.3 times and was statistically significant. Conclusion: The greater intraocular bioavailability of fluorescein f ...
IFU - Beckman Coulter
IFU - Beckman Coulter

... medicine. Heroin, the principal opiate of abuse, is a semi-synthetic derivative of morphine. Opiates are absorbed rapidly after administration. Approximately 90 percent of morphine and codeine is excreted in urine as conjugated metabolites. Heroin is metabolized to morphine and follows a similar uri ...
SEROXAT™ CR Paroxetine hydrochloride QUALITATIVE AND
SEROXAT™ CR Paroxetine hydrochloride QUALITATIVE AND

... intensity. They usually occur within the first few days of discontinuing treatment, but there have been very rare reports of such symptoms in patients who have inadvertently missed a dose. Generally these symptoms are self-limiting and usually resolve within two weeks, though in some individuals the ...
Medication Management
Medication Management

...  What is the name of this medication?  Why does your family member need to take it?  What time each day should your family member take this medication?  Can this medication be taken with food? If it is to be taken “on an empty stomach,” how many hours before or after meals?  Are there any foods ...
Punnet Squares
Punnet Squares

... Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance The Law of Segregation: Each organism has 2 alleles for a gene and only one allele from each gene pair will be passed on to the offspring. ...
Modern Methods in Drug Discovery
Modern Methods in Drug Discovery

... (bio-)chemical reactions of xenobiotics in the body First pass effect: Extensive metabolization of mainly lipophilic molecules, such with MW>500, or those that have a specific affinity to certain transporters, during the first passage through the liver Phase I: Oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis  ...
ABT-450, Ritonavir, Ombitasvir, and Dasabuvir Achieves 97% and
ABT-450, Ritonavir, Ombitasvir, and Dasabuvir Achieves 97% and

... who have failed previous pegIFN-containing treatment regimens than in treatment-naïve patients, and noticeably lower among prior null responders.4-8 Additionally, the toxicity of pegIFN and long duration of therapy (up to 48 weeks with some regimens) are a hardship for patients.9 Notably, pegIFN-bas ...
- Dr. Robert Fox
- Dr. Robert Fox

Antimicrobial Therapy
Antimicrobial Therapy

... recommended dose and elimination half-life are similar in cockatiels and macaws despite a 10-fold difference in body weight. The pharmacokinetics of drugs that are metabolized show greater variability. For some drugs there is good correlation between dose and metabolic rate calculations based on bod ...
Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Genetics

... The F2 offspring would produce two phenotypes (yellow + round; green + wrinkled) in a 3:1 ratio, just like a monohybrid cross. ...
a review of the medicinal evidence for its therapeutic properties
a review of the medicinal evidence for its therapeutic properties

... count and to possess strong immuno-modulating properties. Guggul is one of the "broad spectrum" health products with a wide range of benefits. Mode of action makes this product very helpful not only in protecting against the common cold but also in various other conditions. It has been shown to have ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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