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Maintenance of genetic diversity: challenges for management of
Maintenance of genetic diversity: challenges for management of

... populations (sinks) that only exist due to the recurrent contributions from the source population (cf. Smedbol et al. 2002). It is critical to evaluate the genetic structure of a species in order to infer the genetic implications of the loss of components. Unfortunately, complex population structure ...
GASTRO-RETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM CONTENTS
GASTRO-RETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM CONTENTS

... supplies continuously the amount of drug needed to maintain constant plasma levels once the steady state is reached. Although some important applications, including oral administration of peptide and protein drugs, can be used to prepare colonic drug delivery systems, targeting drugs to the colon by ...
Arylalkylamine Drugs of Abuse: An Overview of Drug
Arylalkylamine Drugs of Abuse: An Overview of Drug

Snakebite Prognostic Factors: Leading Factors of Weak Therapeutic
Snakebite Prognostic Factors: Leading Factors of Weak Therapeutic

... Background: The goal of antivenom administration for snake-bitten patients is to achieve therapeutic response (initial control), which means reversal of the venom-induced effects through neutralizing the venom. The aim of this study was to identify snakebite prognostic factors of weak therapeutic re ...
A Global Review of the Harm Reduction Response to Amphetamines
A Global Review of the Harm Reduction Response to Amphetamines

... Innovative programmes for stimulants: lessons from Latin America Research is increasing into the harms related to non-injecting drug use in Latin America, with snorting and smoking of cocaine and its derivatives acknowledged as the most predominant form.(49,50) Growing recognition of HIV prevalence ...
Oral Dosing of Encochleated Amphotericin B (CAmB
Oral Dosing of Encochleated Amphotericin B (CAmB

... Background: Amphotericin B (AmB), due to its fungicidal efficacy, broad spectrum and limited resistance, can be considered the “gold standard” antifungal treatment. However, use of AmB is limited by toxicity and intravenous administration. CAmB is a lipid-crystal, nano-particle formulation designed ...
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Extract from Clinical Evaluation Report
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... suitable alternative as a "second-line" antipyretic agent, even in selected children. However, more clinical experience and information about side-effects are needed before they can be recommended for wider routine use. Our study results showed Mefenamic acid and paracetamol combination to be more e ...
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... including amikacin (Amikin), netilmicin (Netromycin) and tobramycin (Nebcin), which are all currently available for systemic use ...
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... Initial exposure to a drug of abuse may produce effects which are interpreted by the individual as “desirable” or “pleasurable”, i.e., “rewarding”. These effects may lead to “craving” or “hunger” for the drug, with resultant spontaneous activity or work for drug acquisition and self-administration. ...
DEPARTMENT  OF  HEALTH  AND  HUMAN ... Food  and  Drug  Administratiqn
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN ... Food and Drug Administratiqn

... To ensure more timely processing of comments, FDA is no ion accepting comments submitted to the agency by e-mail. FDA encourages you to continue to submit electronic comments by using the Federal eRulemaking Portal or the agency Web site, as described in the Electronic Submissions portion of this pa ...
HR 3605 Aug. 8, 1984 Drug Price Competition: House
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... drugs which have already been certified by the Food and Drug Administration and marketed by one of the pioneer drug companies, but on which the patent has expired. Currently, pharmaceutical' companies which produce generic drugs must undertake a lengthy and expensive procedure in order to gain FDA a ...
Full Prescribing Information
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... ABSTRAL (fentanyl) sublingual tablets are indicated for the management of breakthrough pain in cancer patients 18 years of age and older who are already receiving and who are tolerant to opioid therapy for their underlying persistent cancer pain. Patients considered opioid tolerant are those who are ...
Aspirin® – an unparalleled “career”
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... clinical experience, Aspirin®, continues to be recognized today as a proven, trusted and cost-effective pain reliever and is well tolerated at OTC (over the counter) doses. Recent meta-analyses2,3 include individual patient data or study-level population data from 145 clinical trials representing mo ...
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... The main chemotherapy safety effort should be directed at the level of preparing and administering drugs, where higher levels of exposure to the drug occur, and often involve the same people repeatedly. However it is important to remember that clients will be taking chemotherapy drugs home - if not ...
Pharmacotherapy in Psychiatry
Pharmacotherapy in Psychiatry

... All atypical antipsychotics are equally effective at therapeutic doses Except clozapine  Most effective antipsychotic  For resistant schizophrenia  2nd line due to life-threatening side effect ...
The Case Against Antipsychotics
The Case Against Antipsychotics

... unemployment was “very poor,” and there was no data at all on “satisfaction of care.” 3) The relapse studies do not provide any insight into this critical question: How does the spectrum of outcomes seen in medicated patients today compare to the “natural” course of schizophrenia? If patients so dia ...
Drug alerts - National Treatment Agency
Drug alerts - National Treatment Agency

... areas may choose to adopt, adapt or use to inform their local systems. Advice on developing such a system was requested by delegates at a north of England event run by Public Health England (PHE) and much of the content derives from their input.2 It was developed for PHE by Michael Linnell, advised ...
Immunotherapy and Lymphoma - Lymphoma Research Foundation
Immunotherapy and Lymphoma - Lymphoma Research Foundation

... readers. Facts and statistics were obtained using published information, including data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Because each person’s body and response to treatment is different, no individual should self- diagnose or embark upon any course of medical tre ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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