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IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... polymicrobial infection which is composed of more than 300 different species of bacteria. The bacteria of supragingival plaque are predominantly Gram-positive cocci, whereas periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque are dominated by Gram-negative anaerobic organisms.2,3 Predisposing factors includ ...
Appropriate use of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): a risk
Appropriate use of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): a risk

... A recent genetic meta-analysis of individual patient data has shown an increased risk of CHD of about 16% associated with genotype TT compared to CC (OR: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.05 to 1.28). This result was similar to that of another meta-analysis published at the same time but carried out on aggregated data ...
Haemodynamic Response to Tracheal Extubation: Verapamil versus
Haemodynamic Response to Tracheal Extubation: Verapamil versus

... systolic and diastolic, at the time of extubation as compared to placebo and verapamil and this difference was statistically significant p ≤ 0.05. In the study none of the patients developed hypotension or bradycardia as reported in a previous study [6]. It may be due to our patient population i.e. ...
Powerpoint template for scientific posters (Swarthmore College)
Powerpoint template for scientific posters (Swarthmore College)

... variety of forms. •Tart cherries are among the top fruits for antioxidant level. They contain high levels of vitamins A and C. ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... As a result of increased longevity number of elderly patients posted for surgery has been increased.Epidural anaesthesia is known to decrease intraoperative blood loss, perioperative cardiac ischemic events, post-operative hypoxic episodes and venous thrombosis. 1It may be extended as postoperative ...
RUBOXISTAURIN – A PROMISING THERAPY FOR DIABETIC
RUBOXISTAURIN – A PROMISING THERAPY FOR DIABETIC

... Mechanism of Action In diabetes, there is increased activity of protein kinase C (PKC) found in the cell membranes. An increased concentration of intracellular diacyl glycerol (DAG), an intermediary product of metabolism, is seen in diabetes. Both isoforms of PKCβ have domains that can bind to DAG. ...
The Role of 5HTP as a Precursor for Serotonin and Melatonin
The Role of 5HTP as a Precursor for Serotonin and Melatonin

... If 5-HTP is to be effective, it must, when given orally, cross the intestinal lining and make it into the bloodstream. Next 5-HTP must move from the blood into target tissues, such as the brain, and be converted into serotonin, the active neurotransmitter. Finally, the oral dose should correlate to ...
1 - The University of Liverpool Repository
1 - The University of Liverpool Repository

... widespread resistance to other historical antimalarials, highlights the need to identify new chemical diversity, ideally with novel antimalarial modes of action. This will lessen the likelihood of resistance appearing in next-generation antimalarials particularly if they are used in affordable combi ...
Reflection paper on the data requirements for - EMA
Reflection paper on the data requirements for - EMA

... reference to an innovator product should be detailed enough to warrant the conclusion of equivalent efficacy and safety compared to the innovator product. In general, the non-clinical studies to be performed prior to clinical studies should include comparative investigation of pharmacokinetics (incl ...
checs medications list and possible side effects
checs medications list and possible side effects

... NOTE 1. May cause low blood pressure, reduced breathing rate, sedation when given IV. Additive sedative effects may occur with other central nervous system depressants. 2. The following drugs should not be used together as they may cause excessive drowsiness: Ambien, Benadryl, Claritin, Compazine, D ...
Recent advances in natural products from plants for
Recent advances in natural products from plants for

Neurogenic temporomandibular joint dislocation treated with
Neurogenic temporomandibular joint dislocation treated with

... The clinical consequence of these injuries was the onset of right-side hemiparesia, predominantly brachial, as well as movement dystonia, particularly marked in the orofacial sphere, and widespread spasticity. The most striking manifestation was the presence of recurrent episodes of temporomandibula ...
Assessment of copy number variation in genes
Assessment of copy number variation in genes

... Background:  Parasite resistance to anti-malarials represents a great obstacle for malaria elimination. The majority of studies have investigated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and drug resistance; however, it is becoming clear that the copy number variation (CNV) is ...
Standard 1: The pharmacy manager will ensure that nonprescription
Standard 1: The pharmacy manager will ensure that nonprescription

... In February of 2004, the Importation and Compounding of Animal Drugs Task Force met to discuss several issues related to the use of compounded products in Canada. It was decided that guidelines needed to be developed in collaboration with provincial pharmacy licensing bodies to describe when it is a ...
Are we addicted to coffee?
Are we addicted to coffee?

...  Hughes et al deny, though, that there’s any clinical significance to caffeine dependence, as it may not cause any distress or disability, or increase one’s likelihood of death, pain, injury or important loss of personal freedom, which are all implied criteria.  Nehlig (1999) agrees, arguing that ...
PHE standard publication template
PHE standard publication template

... As secretariat to the process, Public Health England will manage the information you provide in response to this consultation in accordance with the Department of Health's Information Charter. Information we receive, including personal information, may be published or disclosed in accordance with th ...
The Questions You Asked and the Answers You Need
The Questions You Asked and the Answers You Need

... more than five years, obesity, preexisting retinal disease and renal or liver failure. Early detection of the maculopathy is of critical importance in order to discontinue Plaquenil to stop or slow retinal damage. Unfortunately, clinically evident early structural changes can be subtle and usually p ...
ARNOLD & I? ORTER May 12, 1998
ARNOLD & I? ORTER May 12, 1998

... 1. Because the Composition of These Estrogen Products Differs from That of Previously Marketed Products, The Proposed Products Should Not Be Approved in the Absence of Full Compliance with NDA Safety Data ...
Role of Hereditary Factors in Weight Loss and Its
Role of Hereditary Factors in Weight Loss and Its

... development of obesity as shown in animal models and human studies (Bell et al. 2005). Based on the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of obesity the level of involvement of genetic factors in the development of obesity is estimated to be 30-70 % (Comuzzie and Allison 1998, Loos and Bouchard 2003 ...
Pain and the Thermally Injured Patient—A Review of
Pain and the Thermally Injured Patient—A Review of

... medications and psychological therapies to achieve pain control in burn patients. Opioids are the mainstay analgesics; fentanyl, sufentanil, and morphine are the three most commonly used.18 Opioids have the potential of causing hyperalgesia through central sensitization and therefore other pharmacol ...
M7 Step 4 Assessment and control of DNA reactive (mutagenic
M7 Step 4 Assessment and control of DNA reactive (mutagenic

... damage when present at low levels leading to mutations and therefore, potentially causing cancer. This type of mutagenic carcinogen is usually detected in a bacterial reverse mutation (mutagenicity) assay. Other types of genotoxicants that are non-mutagenic typically have threshold mechanisms and us ...
Using Disruptive Selection to Maintain Diversity in Genetic Algorithms
Using Disruptive Selection to Maintain Diversity in Genetic Algorithms

... genetic algorithms have proven to be a promising technique for many optimization, design, control, and machine learning applications. A novel selection method, disruptive selection, has been proposed. This method adopts a nonmonotonic fitness function that is quite different from conventional monoto ...
Mendel`s Law
Mendel`s Law

...  Blood tests on the mother (After 15-20 wks) o Check protein levels  Down Syndrome  Ultrasound Imaging – uses sound waves to produce images.  Fetoscopy – use of viewing scope and fiber optics Post-Birth: samples taken in the hospital after birth to screen for common genetic disorders.  PKU – ca ...
Non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

... • with therapeutic doses: some gastric bleeding • with large doses: dizziness, deafness & tinnitus ('salicylism'); compensated respiratory alkalosis may occur • with toxic doses (e.g. from self-poisoning): uncompensated respiratory acidosis with metabolic acidosis may occur, • in children - Reye's s ...
Sucroferric oxyhydroxide - Therapeutic Goods Administration
Sucroferric oxyhydroxide - Therapeutic Goods Administration

... disintegration test is used to test for batch consistency, although, for chewed tablets, disintegration is not clinically relevant. The specification includes a phosphate adsorption test. Tablets are tested to limit undesirable iron release (solubilisation) at pH 3.0 in vitro. Gastric acid/base (pH) ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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