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Routes of Administration of drugs
Routes of Administration of drugs

... Dose requirement same or slightly greater than oral route ...
microarray_ALL_subty..
microarray_ALL_subty..

... average (red) or lower than average (blue) level. The activity In this activity you will be given sample microarray analyses from a variety of patients for a series of different genes. Your goal will be to decide whether you can find a pattern that distinguishes two different types of ALL, and if ye ...
Drug Myths and Facts
Drug Myths and Facts

TASC Laboratory
TASC Laboratory

... Cut-Off Value Detection Time - The approximate interval between usage and when the drug will likely appear in the urine sample. This varies with the amount used, length of time over which the drug was consumed and the amount of liquids consumed to dilute the urine or if diuretics are used. Dilute Sp ...
Consciousness Day 2
Consciousness Day 2

... Alcohol: suppresses parts of the brain that control judgment, inhibitions, and can seriously alter physical functioning in high doses (balance, memory, consciousness, death).  If you have an urge while sober, you’re more likely to follow through on it while drunk.  Alcohol will increase any tenden ...
Biological Explanations and Therapies for Schizophrenia
Biological Explanations and Therapies for Schizophrenia

... there is a rapid flow of dopamine. This characteristic is thought to be the cause of lower levels of side effects (such as Tardive Dyskinesia). • There was much speculation about these drugs when they first appeared. However there is empirical evidence to suggest that these drugs are little to no di ...
Total Intra-Venous Anesthesia (TIVA)
Total Intra-Venous Anesthesia (TIVA)

... levels of sedation, analgesia and anxiolysis as necessary • “If the patient loses consciousness and the ability to respond purposefully, the anesthesia care is a general anesthetic, irrespective of whether airway instrumentation is required” ...
HIV Exposure Information
HIV Exposure Information

... PEP is medication that may help to prevent HIV infection after sexual or injection drug exposures. It stands for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis. “Post-Exposure” means after a possible exposure to HIV and “prophylaxis” means medicines that prevent infection. How do I get PEP medication? If PEP is appropri ...
Mild analgesics
Mild analgesics

... with kidney or liver disease. An overdose (>20 tablets) can cause serious liver damage, brain damage, coma and even death. Ibuprofen has many of the same effects as aspirin but seems to cause fewer stomach problems. Unlike acetaminophen, it is an anti-inflammatory drug. It is effective in low doses ...
Dexedrine Tablets
Dexedrine Tablets

... carefully monitored in children as growth retardation may occur. Children who are not gaining weight as expected should have their treatment interrupted temporarily. Caution should be used when administering dexamfetamine to patients with impaired kidney function or unstable personality. Drug depend ...
LIS4930_Auto-ID_in_H..
LIS4930_Auto-ID_in_H..

... database and gain sensitive patient information. ...
Study of potential drug–drug interaction
Study of potential drug–drug interaction

... patient was 4.4 in our study, which was lower in comparison with other study, which showed 7.8 and 5.9 pDDI per patient.[1,9] A direct correlation was observed between the age of the patients and the number of pDDIs (r = 0.35, P o 0.01). Similar findings were seen in other studies; so, the elderly pa ...
Lecture 2
Lecture 2

... will strongly inhibit wild type activity. dn ...
Practice Paper 1 - Australian Pharmacy Council
Practice Paper 1 - Australian Pharmacy Council

... pharmacy in Australia, the APC does not guarantee that the information in this paper is accurate or relevant once published publicly. The actual KAPS Examination is delivered by computer and candidates should visit the APC website for further information, including a link to an online tutorial: ...
Alzheimer`s Disease Tyree` Barnes Dioval Remonde
Alzheimer`s Disease Tyree` Barnes Dioval Remonde

... the deposit of betaamyloid protein plaques in the brain. [Hippocampus] ...
Drug Use, Misuse, Abuse
Drug Use, Misuse, Abuse

... caffeine: the most commonly used psychoactive drug. In coffee, teas, sodas, medications (anacin, exedrin, midol). Increases heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, can lead to dependence, anxiety, digestive effects, dizziness. Eventual tolerance to the diuretic effect. Used as a diet aide. Mos ...
3. polygenic traits
3. polygenic traits

... The International HapMap Project is an organization whose goal is to develop a haplotype map (HapMap) of the human genome, which will describe the common patterns of human genetic variation. The HapMap is expected to be a key resource for researchers to find genetic variants affecting health, diseas ...
Bridion (sugammadex)
Bridion (sugammadex)

... Used for adults undergoing general surgery for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced by vecuronium or rocuronium Hypersensitivity to sugammadex or any component of the product None Use not recommended with severe renal impairment or dialysisdependent patients Pregnancy: no adequate or well- ...
Companion diagnostics and personalized medicine: A review of
Companion diagnostics and personalized medicine: A review of

... Genetic tests as companion diagnostics companion diagnostic device (IVD companion diagnostic device) is essential for the safe and effective use of a therapeutic product, (it and its) therapeutic product should be approved or cleared contemporaneously by FDA for the use indicated in the therapeutic ...
DRUG RECEPTORS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS
DRUG RECEPTORS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS

... • In this relationship; percentage of a maximal response is plotted against the log dose of the drug • Illustrates the relatioship between drug dose, receptor occupancy and the magnitude of the resulting physiologic effect • It follows from receptor theory that the maximal response to a drug occurs ...
ERT 420 BIOPHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING
ERT 420 BIOPHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING

... - Intestinal epithelial cell membranes are highly polarized. - Apical membrane faces the external lumen with many microvilli to increase membrane surface area. - Many membrane transporters are located in this side facilitating absorption for most nutrients and many drugs, while basolateral membrane ...
Pharmacokinetic introduction
Pharmacokinetic introduction

... One, two, and three compartment pharmacokinetic models. Fortunately many of the processes involved in drug movement around the body are not saturated at normal therapeutic dose levels. The pharmacokinetic - mathematical models that can be used to describe plasma concentration as a function of time ...
DRUG A - University of Kentucky
DRUG A - University of Kentucky

... – Phase I CYP450 superfamily – Phase II reactions ...
Bio 11
Bio 11

... B. Summary of Mendel’s Principles 1. Inheritance of specific traits is determined by genes. Genes are passed from parents to offspring. 2. Some forms of the gene may be dominant and others may be recessive. 3. In most sexually reproducing organisms, each adult has 2 copies of the gene (1 from each p ...
Morphine (oral)
Morphine (oral)

... increases this risk as practitioners do not usually have access to the patient notes and will have to rely on the information that they are given by the patient or their carer(s). ❙❙ Opioid drugs include: buphrenorphine, codeine, diamorphine, dipipanone, fentanyl, hydromorphone, meptazinol, methadon ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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