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Drugs Affecting Autonomic Nervous System 2
Drugs Affecting Autonomic Nervous System 2

... • The doses should be spread evenly apart to optimize the effects of the medication. • Overdosing can cause life-threatening problems. Patients should not adjust the dosages unless directed by the physician. ...
Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, Vol. 1 - cannabis
Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, Vol. 1 - cannabis

... Methods. Technical reports were obtained from 6 states which had conducted clinical trials. Each protocol was examined for the procedure used, the experimental design of the clinical trial and the results obtained. Data were available on 748 patients who smoked marijuana prior to and/or after cancer ...
Pharmacological Treatment of Post-Anesthetic Shivering: An Educational Outreach Project.
Pharmacological Treatment of Post-Anesthetic Shivering: An Educational Outreach Project.

... of this controversy, practitioners should maintain patients’ body temperature in an acceptable range during and following general and regional anesthesia.8 However, normothermic patients also experience PAS; therefore, vigilance in treating all occurrences of PAS in the PACU is warranted.2 (p2194) I ...
CYCLODEXTRINS
CYCLODEXTRINS

... effects, especially their augmentation of solubility, is via the formation of noncovalent, dynamic inclusion complexes. This is a model, which regards drugcyclodextrin interactions as discrete phenomenon and ignores the possible interaction of these complexes with one another. It is becoming increas ...
Propofol Use During Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Propofol Use During Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

... receiving propofol for endoscopic sedation each reported an episode of severe respiratory depression.6,7,20 In a small study using propofol for endoscopic sedation, apnea was detected by end-tidal capnography in 6 of 10 patients. This enabled a timely decrease in the propofol infusion avoiding signi ...
characterizing the genetic bases of autosomal recessive disorders
characterizing the genetic bases of autosomal recessive disorders

... Autosomal recessive disorders have devastating effects on patients and their families. Elucidating the genetic bases of such disorders is essential to improve their clinical outcome and for implementing effective prevention programs. In this dissertation, the genetic bases of seven autosomal recessi ...
A Literature Review of Risk Minimisation Interventions
A Literature Review of Risk Minimisation Interventions

... Patients to have new role in improving ...
Resistant Hypertension
Resistant Hypertension

... reading (usually more than 5–15 mmHg elevation in case of systolic pressure). The patient should be encouraged to avoid smoking before 15–30 min of the blood pressure measurement, because smoking may elevate systolic blood pressure up to 5–20 mmHg. It is also suggested to avoid drinking of coffee, a ...
Cucurbit[n]urils as excipients in pharmaceutical dosage forms
Cucurbit[n]urils as excipients in pharmaceutical dosage forms

Integration of QTL Information with Traditional Animal Breeding
Integration of QTL Information with Traditional Animal Breeding

... reason is similar to why two-trait selection using independent culling levels is expected to give lower multiple-trait response than index selection; two-stage selection does not select individuals for which a low molecular score may be compensated by a high phenotype-based EBV. Use of molecular inf ...
SARS Outbreaks in Ontario, Hong Kong and Singapore
SARS Outbreaks in Ontario, Hong Kong and Singapore

Sleep Apnea - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
Sleep Apnea - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident

... confused state may occur at night! Whatever treatment is used, outcome should be assessed with SLEEP STUDY - many patients experience more subjective than objective improvement. Avoid precipitating factors; do not sleep supine; pakelti lovos galvūgalį. Body weight↓ Removal of enlarged tonsils and ad ...
Gout - Bruyere/Primrose Units
Gout - Bruyere/Primrose Units

... Start treatment A.S.A.P.! Avoid NSAIDs in CKD, CHF Consider a PPI for NSAIDs + ASA or Hx of PUD Avoid / Reduce colchicine dose in CKD, liver dz, neutropenia, on diuretics, statins, or cyclosporin Do not change doses of any med that can alter urate levels when treating acute attacks Consider NSAIDs, ...
Six-Year Perspectives on the Safety and Tolerability of Nefazodone
Six-Year Perspectives on the Safety and Tolerability of Nefazodone

... were comparable in antidepressant response rates, nefazodone was better tolerated with respect to sexual function. For example, significantly more women taking sertraline (47%) reported difficulty in achieving orgasm than did women taking nefazodone (17%; p < .03). Likewise, significantly more men r ...
Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

... antimicrobial agent. In some circumstances, protein binding can have a detrimental effect, whereas in others it may enhance dosing efficacy. The antimicrobial activity of a drug is inversely related to the extent of protein binding. Protein binding of antimicrobials in serum can interfere with biolo ...
carvedilol - Landmarktrials
carvedilol - Landmarktrials

...  To determine the effect of carvedilol compared with placebo on all-cause mortality in patients with severe chronic heart failure  Randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group multicenter study in patients with ischaemic or non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy ...
Pharmacology of Antiepileptic Drugs
Pharmacology of Antiepileptic Drugs

... • Many AEDs are notable inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes and a few are inhibitors. • Of the classic AEDs, phenytoin, carbamazipine, phenobarbital, and primidone are all strong inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes. They are autoinducers, in other words they increase their own metabolism. • Valproat ...
Chapter 14: MENDEL AND THE GENE IDEA
Chapter 14: MENDEL AND THE GENE IDEA

... A true-breeding organism, sometimes also called pure-bred, is an organism having certain biological traits which are passed on to all subsequent generations when bred with another true-breeding organism for the same traits. In other words, to “breed-true” means that two organisms with a particular, ...
12 | mendel`s experiments and heredity
12 | mendel`s experiments and heredity

... by dividing the number of times the event occurs by the total number of opportunities for the event to occur. It is also possible to calculate theoretical probabilities by dividing the number of times that an event is expected to occur by the number of times that it could occur. Empirical probabilit ...
Zopiclone is a drug with very similar effects
Zopiclone is a drug with very similar effects

... overdose and dependence on benzos. The main medication prescribed tends to be Nytol. ...
Evidence-Based Guidelines on the Use of Opioids in Chronic Non-Cancer... Consensus Statement by the Pain Association of Singapore Task Force
Evidence-Based Guidelines on the Use of Opioids in Chronic Non-Cancer... Consensus Statement by the Pain Association of Singapore Task Force

... moderate evidence for the short-term benefit of opioids in certain CNCP conditions. Patients should be carefully screened and assessed prior to starting opioids. An opioid treatment agreement must be established, and urine drug testing may form part of this agreement. A trial duration of up to 2 mon ...
Product Monograph  May 6, 2016
Product Monograph May 6, 2016

... periodically re-evaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient. TRAMACET® is not recommended for minor pain that may be treated adequately through lesser means. Geriatrics (> 65 years of age): No overall differences with regard to safety or pharmacokinetics were noted betwe ...
Stability Indicating HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of
Stability Indicating HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of

... reveals that many analytical methods are reported for determination of MEP[3-6] and DDEA[7-17] individually. However, no method is reported for simultaneous estimation of these two drugs by reverse phase HPLC. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline entitled “Stability testing ...
Version 7
Version 7

Estimating the “First in human” dose – a revisit with particular
Estimating the “First in human” dose – a revisit with particular

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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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