Net production
... The total solar energy received by a grassland is 5 x 105 kJ m-2 y1. The net production of the grassland is 6 x 102 kJ m-2 y-1. The total energy passed onto the primary consumers is 60 kJ m-2 y-1. Only 10% of this energy is passed onto its secondary consumers. b) Construct a pyramid of energy for th ...
... The total solar energy received by a grassland is 5 x 105 kJ m-2 y1. The net production of the grassland is 6 x 102 kJ m-2 y-1. The total energy passed onto the primary consumers is 60 kJ m-2 y-1. Only 10% of this energy is passed onto its secondary consumers. b) Construct a pyramid of energy for th ...
Introduction to the Evolution and Diversity Module
... • Shared structures (ribosomes, lipid bilayer membranes) • Shared metabolic pathways (e.g., glycolysis) • Share information processing (genetic code) – The code is a “frozen accident” ...
... • Shared structures (ribosomes, lipid bilayer membranes) • Shared metabolic pathways (e.g., glycolysis) • Share information processing (genetic code) – The code is a “frozen accident” ...
Population Ecology - Hawk Nation Biology
... • other living organisms prey (food) competitors predators, parasites, disease ...
... • other living organisms prey (food) competitors predators, parasites, disease ...
Standard I Review
... • The topsoil is acidic and has poor minerals as it is made from the decaying pine needles. • Some animals of the tundra are the lynx, snowshoe hare, and caribou. ...
... • The topsoil is acidic and has poor minerals as it is made from the decaying pine needles. • Some animals of the tundra are the lynx, snowshoe hare, and caribou. ...
Ecology Review
... C) interaction D) commensalism 32. What is the correct order of the ecological hierarchy, from smallest to largest? A) ecosystem, population, community, organism B) organism, community, population, ecosystem C) organism, population, community, ecosystem D) population, ecosystem, organism, community ...
... C) interaction D) commensalism 32. What is the correct order of the ecological hierarchy, from smallest to largest? A) ecosystem, population, community, organism B) organism, community, population, ecosystem C) organism, population, community, ecosystem D) population, ecosystem, organism, community ...
Evidence of Evolution
... variations and eliminated harmful ones. After many generations of selection, the characteristics of a population may change and the population becomes adapted to the environment. The theory of evolution by natural selection had 4 main points: 1. In any population there are variations. 2. In any one ...
... variations and eliminated harmful ones. After many generations of selection, the characteristics of a population may change and the population becomes adapted to the environment. The theory of evolution by natural selection had 4 main points: 1. In any population there are variations. 2. In any one ...
Chapter 17 Test Study Guide ( )
... 7. The symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other neither benefits nor suffers harm is called ______. 8. The struggle among organisms for the same limited natural resources is called ____________________. 9. A(n) _______ describes the habitat, feeding habits, other aspects o ...
... 7. The symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other neither benefits nor suffers harm is called ______. 8. The struggle among organisms for the same limited natural resources is called ____________________. 9. A(n) _______ describes the habitat, feeding habits, other aspects o ...
Biodiversity - Foothill College
... is the variety of life on earth. There are three levels of biodiversity: species diversity; ecosystem diversity; and genetic diversity. Species diversity includes all living things from the tiniest bacterium to the largest mammal and tree. Biodiversity also includes ecosystem diversity, the habitats ...
... is the variety of life on earth. There are three levels of biodiversity: species diversity; ecosystem diversity; and genetic diversity. Species diversity includes all living things from the tiniest bacterium to the largest mammal and tree. Biodiversity also includes ecosystem diversity, the habitats ...
Population Ecology
... Number of individuals per unit area How do we measure population density? impossible to count all individuals in a population estimated by indirect indicators number of bird nests ...
... Number of individuals per unit area How do we measure population density? impossible to count all individuals in a population estimated by indirect indicators number of bird nests ...
The word “Biodiversity” is a contraction of biological diversity
... is the variety of life on earth. There are three levels of biodiversity: species diversity; ecosystem diversity; and genetic diversity. Species diversity includes all living things from the tiniest bacterium to the largest mammal and tree. Biodiversity also includes ecosystem diversity, the habitats ...
... is the variety of life on earth. There are three levels of biodiversity: species diversity; ecosystem diversity; and genetic diversity. Species diversity includes all living things from the tiniest bacterium to the largest mammal and tree. Biodiversity also includes ecosystem diversity, the habitats ...
Populations
... Logistic growth is population growth that starts with a minimum number of individuals and reaches a maximum depending on the carrying capacity of the habitat. When a population is small, the growth rate is fast because there are plenty of resources. As the population approaches the carrying c ...
... Logistic growth is population growth that starts with a minimum number of individuals and reaches a maximum depending on the carrying capacity of the habitat. When a population is small, the growth rate is fast because there are plenty of resources. As the population approaches the carrying c ...
S7L4d Relationships Study Guide Answer Key
... S7L4d. Relationships Study Guide Answer Key 1. What is competition? The struggle between organisms that attempt to use the same limited resources. Organisms that are better at competing are more likely to get and use the available resources. 2. What is predation? Predation is an interaction in which ...
... S7L4d. Relationships Study Guide Answer Key 1. What is competition? The struggle between organisms that attempt to use the same limited resources. Organisms that are better at competing are more likely to get and use the available resources. 2. What is predation? Predation is an interaction in which ...
Unit 3
... c. is released by the action of decomposers. d. None of the above 19. Refer to the illustration. The photosynthetic algae are a. producers. c. parasites. b. consumers. d. decomposers. 20. In the diagram, which shows how energy moves through an ecosystem, is known as a a. habitat. c. food net. b. foo ...
... c. is released by the action of decomposers. d. None of the above 19. Refer to the illustration. The photosynthetic algae are a. producers. c. parasites. b. consumers. d. decomposers. 20. In the diagram, which shows how energy moves through an ecosystem, is known as a a. habitat. c. food net. b. foo ...
AP Biology - Evolution Review Key Terms
... Essential Knowledge 1.C.3: Populations of organisms continue to evolve. ...
... Essential Knowledge 1.C.3: Populations of organisms continue to evolve. ...
Plants are - Yarra Hills Secondary College
... sharing the same environment. E.g. a desert. Habitat - a place where living things live. E.g. a pond. ...
... sharing the same environment. E.g. a desert. Habitat - a place where living things live. E.g. a pond. ...
SNC 1D/2D - othsmath
... When species rely on one another in a symbiotic relationship (either mutualism or parasitism), their populations need one another to be able to increase. If a symbiotic relationship is affected by changing biotic and/or abiotic factors then the ecological niche of a species may be affected. [For ...
... When species rely on one another in a symbiotic relationship (either mutualism or parasitism), their populations need one another to be able to increase. If a symbiotic relationship is affected by changing biotic and/or abiotic factors then the ecological niche of a species may be affected. [For ...
Lesson Description
... SIS1. Make observations, raise questions, and formulate hypotheses. Pose questions and form hypotheses based on personal observations, scientific articles, experiments, an SIS2. Design and conduct scientific investigations. Articulate and explain the major concepts being investigated and the pur ...
... SIS1. Make observations, raise questions, and formulate hypotheses. Pose questions and form hypotheses based on personal observations, scientific articles, experiments, an SIS2. Design and conduct scientific investigations. Articulate and explain the major concepts being investigated and the pur ...
Chapter 10: Natural Selection
... Natural selection is the process that allows only the organisms with the best fitness to survive. In nature, the environmental conditions choose the adaptations that are most beneficial, so that only those organisms with the best traits are reproducing. ...
... Natural selection is the process that allows only the organisms with the best fitness to survive. In nature, the environmental conditions choose the adaptations that are most beneficial, so that only those organisms with the best traits are reproducing. ...
I. Evolution- A brief overview
... 6) Natural Selection = (Darwin’s explanation of evolution) a mechanism for change in populations that occurs when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generations. 7) Adaptation = any trait that aids the chances ...
... 6) Natural Selection = (Darwin’s explanation of evolution) a mechanism for change in populations that occurs when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on to the next generations. 7) Adaptation = any trait that aids the chances ...
Evolution - Lamberth APES
... 4. Non-random mating: individuals choose their mates based on specific traits (think about a peacock); this a type of natural selection called sexual selection ...
... 4. Non-random mating: individuals choose their mates based on specific traits (think about a peacock); this a type of natural selection called sexual selection ...
Meta-ecosystems: a theoretical framework for a spatial ecosystem
... Thus, this equation can be interpreted as a source–sink constraint between ecosystem compartments. The combination of the two types of source–sink constraints (within and between ecosystem compartments) imposes a specific pattern of circulation of nutrient in the meta-ecosystem as a whole. For insta ...
... Thus, this equation can be interpreted as a source–sink constraint between ecosystem compartments. The combination of the two types of source–sink constraints (within and between ecosystem compartments) imposes a specific pattern of circulation of nutrient in the meta-ecosystem as a whole. For insta ...
LECTURE NOTES – CHAPTER 5
... 3) because of energy loss, ecosystems usually have only four or five trophic levels a) not enough energy left to support higher levels b) organisms that feed on top level are usually small and need little energy; Example: parasitic worms & fleas IV. The Carbon Cycle – the process by which carbon is ...
... 3) because of energy loss, ecosystems usually have only four or five trophic levels a) not enough energy left to support higher levels b) organisms that feed on top level are usually small and need little energy; Example: parasitic worms & fleas IV. The Carbon Cycle – the process by which carbon is ...
Ecology-Practice-Questions-from-released-exams1 - juan
... contractions. The synthesis of this compound ensures the survival of this plant species because the glycoside is toxic to most herbivores with a notable exception – the monarch butterfly. Female monarchs lay their eggs on milkweed and the resulting larvae (caterpillars) feed on milkweed leaves. An e ...
... contractions. The synthesis of this compound ensures the survival of this plant species because the glycoside is toxic to most herbivores with a notable exception – the monarch butterfly. Female monarchs lay their eggs on milkweed and the resulting larvae (caterpillars) feed on milkweed leaves. An e ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.