Ecology of Populations
... Ecology – what is it? Definitions: Habitat - Place where an organism lives. Population - All the organisms within an area belonging to the same species. Community - All various populations interacting at same locale. Ecosystem – A collection of communities ...
... Ecology – what is it? Definitions: Habitat - Place where an organism lives. Population - All the organisms within an area belonging to the same species. Community - All various populations interacting at same locale. Ecosystem – A collection of communities ...
AQA A2 Level Biology Unit 4 Why do we calculate ratios or
... Why do we calculate ratios or percentages with data? for easier comparison, because different groups have different starting numbers/masses Why do we take a large sample size? more representative, findings not due to chance Why do we take random samples? avoid bias Why do we take repeats? identify a ...
... Why do we calculate ratios or percentages with data? for easier comparison, because different groups have different starting numbers/masses Why do we take a large sample size? more representative, findings not due to chance Why do we take random samples? avoid bias Why do we take repeats? identify a ...
Interactions 1 in Ecosystems - Kossmann
... C o m p e t i t i o n occurs when two organisms fight for the same limited resources. There are two different types of competition: interspecific competition and intraspecific competition. Even though they may have different niches, two species may still use similar resources. Interspecific competit ...
... C o m p e t i t i o n occurs when two organisms fight for the same limited resources. There are two different types of competition: interspecific competition and intraspecific competition. Even though they may have different niches, two species may still use similar resources. Interspecific competit ...
Modern Evolution
... creation of the current diversity of life on earth from the first living cells. On a smaller scale, it is responsible for the evolution of humans and apes from a common primate ancestor. Mrs. Degl ...
... creation of the current diversity of life on earth from the first living cells. On a smaller scale, it is responsible for the evolution of humans and apes from a common primate ancestor. Mrs. Degl ...
Increasing awareness of avian ecological function
... herbivores [30], pathogens [31] and competitors [19,32]. Although most seed dispersal mutualisms are no longer considered to be tightly coevolved [33], seed dispersal is integral to the maintenance of plant diversity [2,34]. For Glossary Ecosystem engineers: organisms that directly or indirectly mod ...
... herbivores [30], pathogens [31] and competitors [19,32]. Although most seed dispersal mutualisms are no longer considered to be tightly coevolved [33], seed dispersal is integral to the maintenance of plant diversity [2,34]. For Glossary Ecosystem engineers: organisms that directly or indirectly mod ...
RNG121 Syllabus_19Oct15
... To understand ecology one needs to understand the primary components, interactions, controls and feedbacks of the ecosystem being examined. Thus, this course will be taught in the framework of systems thinking; requiring students to integrate ecological concepts and apply them to current issues of w ...
... To understand ecology one needs to understand the primary components, interactions, controls and feedbacks of the ecosystem being examined. Thus, this course will be taught in the framework of systems thinking; requiring students to integrate ecological concepts and apply them to current issues of w ...
ACIMS - Physiognomic Classes for Terrestrial Ecological Communities
... Physiognomic Classes for Terrestrial Ecological Communities As used in the ACIMS Ecological Community Tracking List (based on Maybury 1999) ...
... Physiognomic Classes for Terrestrial Ecological Communities As used in the ACIMS Ecological Community Tracking List (based on Maybury 1999) ...
factors that influence the “carrying capacity” of game species
... the conditions offered by given hunting land management unit for one hunting species is called carrying capacity. However, using large herbivores as an example, other stakeholders may focus on the state of its predators, the herbivores’ food species or other effects of herbivores as vectors of disea ...
... the conditions offered by given hunting land management unit for one hunting species is called carrying capacity. However, using large herbivores as an example, other stakeholders may focus on the state of its predators, the herbivores’ food species or other effects of herbivores as vectors of disea ...
AQA(B) A2 Module 5: Environment Contents
... As this diagram shows, there are really many carbon cycles here, with time scales ranging from minutes to millions of years. Microbes play the major role in these cycles: 1. Photosynthesis is the only route by which carbon dioxide is “fixed” into organic carbon compounds. Terrestrial producers (main ...
... As this diagram shows, there are really many carbon cycles here, with time scales ranging from minutes to millions of years. Microbes play the major role in these cycles: 1. Photosynthesis is the only route by which carbon dioxide is “fixed” into organic carbon compounds. Terrestrial producers (main ...
Oreaster reticulatus (West Indian Sea Star)
... water. Juveniles occupy dense beds of seagrass which provide protection from predators as they are able to camouflage themselves in this environment; adults occupy rough, calcareous, sandy bottoms. Juveniles may also be found in the soft sand and mud of mangroves, lagoons and certain shallow, fringi ...
... water. Juveniles occupy dense beds of seagrass which provide protection from predators as they are able to camouflage themselves in this environment; adults occupy rough, calcareous, sandy bottoms. Juveniles may also be found in the soft sand and mud of mangroves, lagoons and certain shallow, fringi ...
Biology_HOT_Lab_Addendum_Questions
... grasshoppers and bison compete for grass, and lynx and foxes compete for hares. There is potential for competition between any two species populations that need the same limited resource. Resources, however, are not always scarce in every community (e.g., water in the ocean or oxygen on the Great Pl ...
... grasshoppers and bison compete for grass, and lynx and foxes compete for hares. There is potential for competition between any two species populations that need the same limited resource. Resources, however, are not always scarce in every community (e.g., water in the ocean or oxygen on the Great Pl ...
Biodiversity – Threats
... destruction of habitat. Natural habitats always have some degree of heterogeneity, but increased disturbance due to human causes has created a new problem. Isolation of habitats to fragments of their original size leads to ‘edge effects’, habitat islands, decreased organismal dispersal capability, an ...
... destruction of habitat. Natural habitats always have some degree of heterogeneity, but increased disturbance due to human causes has created a new problem. Isolation of habitats to fragments of their original size leads to ‘edge effects’, habitat islands, decreased organismal dispersal capability, an ...
Biodiversity change and ecosystem function in tropical forests
... metrics may not adequately represent anthropogenic changes to community structure and organisation. A widespread trend is towards ‘biotic homogenisation’: while disturbed forests may often have an equal or even a greater number of species than undisturbed forests, these species are typically drawn f ...
... metrics may not adequately represent anthropogenic changes to community structure and organisation. A widespread trend is towards ‘biotic homogenisation’: while disturbed forests may often have an equal or even a greater number of species than undisturbed forests, these species are typically drawn f ...
What`s In A Watershed: Condensed Outline
... etc. Species can be considered the lowest (most specific) area of biological classification, but lower groupings are sometimes employed (e.g., subspecies, variety, race). b. Population. This term applies to organisms of the same species which inhabit a specific area. c. Community. A community is an ...
... etc. Species can be considered the lowest (most specific) area of biological classification, but lower groupings are sometimes employed (e.g., subspecies, variety, race). b. Population. This term applies to organisms of the same species which inhabit a specific area. c. Community. A community is an ...
Unit Description and Student Understandings
... How do changes in population size relate to environmental conditions? Populations can grow exponentially or logistically How do organisms affect one another’s survival and environment? Limiting factors and biotic potential regulates a population’s growth How does the environment affect where and how ...
... How do changes in population size relate to environmental conditions? Populations can grow exponentially or logistically How do organisms affect one another’s survival and environment? Limiting factors and biotic potential regulates a population’s growth How does the environment affect where and how ...
Note-taking continued
... survive will spread throughout a population as those individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce. ...
... survive will spread throughout a population as those individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce. ...
Life on Earth Revision Notes
... Interconnected food chains make up food webs. When one organism is removed this will affect ALL other organisms by increasing/decreasing their numbers. Competition is when organisms want the same/similar resource. Intraspecific competition is between organisms of the same species for the same resour ...
... Interconnected food chains make up food webs. When one organism is removed this will affect ALL other organisms by increasing/decreasing their numbers. Competition is when organisms want the same/similar resource. Intraspecific competition is between organisms of the same species for the same resour ...
Inclusion of facilitation into ecological theory
... of recent field investigations of facilitation is that survivorship can be positively related to population density. It is widely appreciated that positive density dependence can occur at low densities via the Allee effect, which can increase fertilization rates and propagule survival. But recent wo ...
... of recent field investigations of facilitation is that survivorship can be positively related to population density. It is widely appreciated that positive density dependence can occur at low densities via the Allee effect, which can increase fertilization rates and propagule survival. But recent wo ...
Unit 3 Review 1. Define the following terms: a. Adaptation b
... A. Populations, generations, individuals, lifetime B. Species, generations, populations, generations C. Individuals, generations, individuals, lifetime D. Individuals, lifetime, populations, generations 11. Can an organism’s fitness be directly related to its immediate environment? Why or why not? S ...
... A. Populations, generations, individuals, lifetime B. Species, generations, populations, generations C. Individuals, generations, individuals, lifetime D. Individuals, lifetime, populations, generations 11. Can an organism’s fitness be directly related to its immediate environment? Why or why not? S ...
natural selection and gene frequency
... between species. We predicted that those species that stood out from their environment were less likely to survive. Those species that adapted to their environment over time had a better chance at survival. • Predators play a role in enforcing evolution and natural selection because they choose whic ...
... between species. We predicted that those species that stood out from their environment were less likely to survive. Those species that adapted to their environment over time had a better chance at survival. • Predators play a role in enforcing evolution and natural selection because they choose whic ...
"Behavior" and
... environments, they are far from perfectly so. All sorts of constraints prevent organisms from being the best that might be theoretically possible. It has often been said that organisms "make the best of a bad situation," but it is not clear that they even do that! (we will have a whole lecture on th ...
... environments, they are far from perfectly so. All sorts of constraints prevent organisms from being the best that might be theoretically possible. It has often been said that organisms "make the best of a bad situation," but it is not clear that they even do that! (we will have a whole lecture on th ...
NATURAL SELECTION AND GENE FREQUENCY
... between species. We predicted that those species that stood out from their environment were less likely to survive. Those species that adapted to their environment over time had a better chance at survival. • Predators play a role in enforcing evolution and natural selection because they choose whic ...
... between species. We predicted that those species that stood out from their environment were less likely to survive. Those species that adapted to their environment over time had a better chance at survival. • Predators play a role in enforcing evolution and natural selection because they choose whic ...
Ecological Society of America - USA National Phenology Network
... The passing of seasons, as gauged by annual events or phenophases in organisms’ life cycles, is arguably one of the most pervasive environmental variations on Earth. Seasonal timing, or phenology, are observed in flowering and other stages of plant development, animal migration and reproduction, hib ...
... The passing of seasons, as gauged by annual events or phenophases in organisms’ life cycles, is arguably one of the most pervasive environmental variations on Earth. Seasonal timing, or phenology, are observed in flowering and other stages of plant development, animal migration and reproduction, hib ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.