Inclusion of facilitation into ecological theory
... of recent field investigations of facilitation is that survivorship can be positively related to population density. It is widely appreciated that positive density dependence can occur at low densities via the Allee effect, which can increase fertilization rates and propagule survival. But recent wo ...
... of recent field investigations of facilitation is that survivorship can be positively related to population density. It is widely appreciated that positive density dependence can occur at low densities via the Allee effect, which can increase fertilization rates and propagule survival. But recent wo ...
Descent with Modification : A Darwinian View of Life
... A group of small fish live in a lake with a uniformly light-brown sandy bottom. Most of the fish are light brown, but about 10% are mottled. This fish species is often prey for large birds that live on the shore. A construction company dumps a load of gravel in the bottom of the lake, giving it a mo ...
... A group of small fish live in a lake with a uniformly light-brown sandy bottom. Most of the fish are light brown, but about 10% are mottled. This fish species is often prey for large birds that live on the shore. A construction company dumps a load of gravel in the bottom of the lake, giving it a mo ...
The Balance of Nature
... The Bubba Effect - when a road is put through a forest, an area on either side will rapidly degrade - the distance depends on how far Bubba is willing to walk with a 6 pack of beer under one arm, and a shotgun under the other… Density-dependent regulation can be subtle ...
... The Bubba Effect - when a road is put through a forest, an area on either side will rapidly degrade - the distance depends on how far Bubba is willing to walk with a 6 pack of beer under one arm, and a shotgun under the other… Density-dependent regulation can be subtle ...
One of the most striking community-wide effects of top predators is
... Predator diversity has decreased dramatically in the world’s oceans, yet for most ecosystems, we do not understand how important predator diversity and abundance is for ecosystem functioning. Background ...
... Predator diversity has decreased dramatically in the world’s oceans, yet for most ecosystems, we do not understand how important predator diversity and abundance is for ecosystem functioning. Background ...
Grassland Biomes - Films On Demand
... the five-part series Biomes. The contents of this guide allow you to prepare your students before viewing the program, and to present follow-up activities to reinforce the program’s key learning points. The series is designed to give students a clear understanding of the definition of a biome—a dist ...
... the five-part series Biomes. The contents of this guide allow you to prepare your students before viewing the program, and to present follow-up activities to reinforce the program’s key learning points. The series is designed to give students a clear understanding of the definition of a biome—a dist ...
Accidental experiments: ecological and evolutionary insights and
... Humans are the dominant ecological and evolutionary force on the planet today, transforming habitats, polluting environments, changing climates, introducing new species, and causing other species to decline in number or go extinct. These worrying anthropogenic impacts, collectively termed global cha ...
... Humans are the dominant ecological and evolutionary force on the planet today, transforming habitats, polluting environments, changing climates, introducing new species, and causing other species to decline in number or go extinct. These worrying anthropogenic impacts, collectively termed global cha ...
Instructions for SQ3R Notes (with sample)
... What are the seven major properties of life? Describe each. a. Order – All other characteristics of living things emerge because organisms tend to be highly ordered. b. Regulation – Maintaining internal conditions within a certain limit even when external conditions are changing (homeostasis). This ...
... What are the seven major properties of life? Describe each. a. Order – All other characteristics of living things emerge because organisms tend to be highly ordered. b. Regulation – Maintaining internal conditions within a certain limit even when external conditions are changing (homeostasis). This ...
Ecosystems in Action: Lessons from Marine Ecology about Recovery
... This information can have strong management implications, because it may signal the range of likely impacts from a given environmental change and inform choices among different management strategies. Unfortunately, however, information about ecological recovery is often incomplete or indirect. The b ...
... This information can have strong management implications, because it may signal the range of likely impacts from a given environmental change and inform choices among different management strategies. Unfortunately, however, information about ecological recovery is often incomplete or indirect. The b ...
Educational Standards
... variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment. Communicate scientific information that common ancestry and biological ...
... variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment. Communicate scientific information that common ancestry and biological ...
Unit 1 - Orange Public Schools
... show relationships between modern organisms and their common ancestors. The crosscutting concepts of cause and effect, patterns, and structure and function are called out as organizing concepts for these disciplinary core ideas. Students use the practices of analyzing graphical displays and gatherin ...
... show relationships between modern organisms and their common ancestors. The crosscutting concepts of cause and effect, patterns, and structure and function are called out as organizing concepts for these disciplinary core ideas. Students use the practices of analyzing graphical displays and gatherin ...
投影片 1
... conversely, size of young should decrease with increasing availability of resources and decreasing predation or competition pressure. ...
... conversely, size of young should decrease with increasing availability of resources and decreasing predation or competition pressure. ...
Review Article The Fluctuation Niche in Plants - CREAF
... main division in Mediterranean communities is established between species with deep roots, with more constant water and nutrient resources, and species with shallow roots, which use episodic rainwater and associated nutrient uptake. Plants develop several responses between the two extremes of this c ...
... main division in Mediterranean communities is established between species with deep roots, with more constant water and nutrient resources, and species with shallow roots, which use episodic rainwater and associated nutrient uptake. Plants develop several responses between the two extremes of this c ...
The fusion of behavioral ecology and ecology
... particular trait does not occur against a fixed background in which it is good to be one way and bad to be another. Instead, it must depend on the action of forces that act in contextdependent ways, and the context constantly shifts. What favors reproductive success in one situation does not in anot ...
... particular trait does not occur against a fixed background in which it is good to be one way and bad to be another. Instead, it must depend on the action of forces that act in contextdependent ways, and the context constantly shifts. What favors reproductive success in one situation does not in anot ...
ecosystem stability
... 1. The vast majority of natural ecosystems experience regular environmental change, or disturbances. 2. Most ecologists describe ecosystem stability as the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its structure and function over long periods of time and despite disturbances. 3. Ecosystem structure includ ...
... 1. The vast majority of natural ecosystems experience regular environmental change, or disturbances. 2. Most ecologists describe ecosystem stability as the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its structure and function over long periods of time and despite disturbances. 3. Ecosystem structure includ ...
Density-independent
... Territoriality is one principal way many animal species control access to environmental resources. • Individual, pairs, or group that holds the territories will drive off rivals if possible either by threats, superior features (colors, size, ...
... Territoriality is one principal way many animal species control access to environmental resources. • Individual, pairs, or group that holds the territories will drive off rivals if possible either by threats, superior features (colors, size, ...
19_Short-comm_ CM_at_al_p
... abundant. Studies and analyses deal however mostly with the shift of the thermal (“upper” or “front”) limits of distribution. Migration at the front or forward colonisation is the most visible and illustrative response to climate change. On the other hand, retreat at the rear and xeric limits is ins ...
... abundant. Studies and analyses deal however mostly with the shift of the thermal (“upper” or “front”) limits of distribution. Migration at the front or forward colonisation is the most visible and illustrative response to climate change. On the other hand, retreat at the rear and xeric limits is ins ...
![122 [Study Guide] 22-1 Descent with Modification](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000393442_1-2a29b9a8053b1348359fdacd0a968eef-300x300.png)
122 [Study Guide] 22-1 Descent with Modification
... If an environment changes, or if individuals move to a new environment, natural selection may result in adaptation to these new conditions, sometimes giving rise to new species in the process. ...
... If an environment changes, or if individuals move to a new environment, natural selection may result in adaptation to these new conditions, sometimes giving rise to new species in the process. ...
Evolution- Quiz Wiz
... these features suggests that a. all these animals can swim b. these animals may have had a common ancestor c. gill slits and tails are required for embryonic development d. pigs developed from chickens ...
... these features suggests that a. all these animals can swim b. these animals may have had a common ancestor c. gill slits and tails are required for embryonic development d. pigs developed from chickens ...
Dagmar Etkin
... How do microbial processes affect crude oils in aquatic ecosystems, thereby modifying their physical and chemical properties and toxicity? Is the research community able to relate, with reliable predictions, the chemical, physical and biological properties of crudes to their behaviour, toxicity ...
... How do microbial processes affect crude oils in aquatic ecosystems, thereby modifying their physical and chemical properties and toxicity? Is the research community able to relate, with reliable predictions, the chemical, physical and biological properties of crudes to their behaviour, toxicity ...
Biodiversity, productivity and stability in real food webs
... temporal variability of an assemblage, such as measured by the coefficient of variation in aggregate biomass. Experimental evidence for a positive effect of species richness on community stability comes from kelp beds [24], aquatic microbial microcosms [25 – 26], grasslands [22], mycorhizal fungi [2 ...
... temporal variability of an assemblage, such as measured by the coefficient of variation in aggregate biomass. Experimental evidence for a positive effect of species richness on community stability comes from kelp beds [24], aquatic microbial microcosms [25 – 26], grasslands [22], mycorhizal fungi [2 ...
From DarwinPs Origin of Species toward a theory of natural history
... serve to swell the local list of species. It is a fact that natural history has fallen into disrepute …”. Darwin defined himself as a naturalist. In Elton’s times, natural history had a bad name and was considered a discipline for non-professional scientists. Knowing animals and plants (i.e. biodive ...
... serve to swell the local list of species. It is a fact that natural history has fallen into disrepute …”. Darwin defined himself as a naturalist. In Elton’s times, natural history had a bad name and was considered a discipline for non-professional scientists. Knowing animals and plants (i.e. biodive ...
here
... Now, it is true that there is extensive gene exchange in and among biofilm communities, and some have suggested that it is this that maintains sociality in bacterial communities. But there has been little attention to the possibility that shared non-genetic resources are part of what maintain social ...
... Now, it is true that there is extensive gene exchange in and among biofilm communities, and some have suggested that it is this that maintains sociality in bacterial communities. But there has been little attention to the possibility that shared non-genetic resources are part of what maintain social ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.