Erik Trond Aschehoug
... E., Aschehoug, E.T., and R.M. Callaway. 2014. Facilitative plant interactions and climate simultaneously drive alpine plant diversity. Ecology Letters 17:193-202 9. Metlen, K.L., Aschehoug, E.T., Callaway, R.M. 2013. A native conifer indirectly facilitates one invader and suppresses another by modif ...
... E., Aschehoug, E.T., and R.M. Callaway. 2014. Facilitative plant interactions and climate simultaneously drive alpine plant diversity. Ecology Letters 17:193-202 9. Metlen, K.L., Aschehoug, E.T., Callaway, R.M. 2013. A native conifer indirectly facilitates one invader and suppresses another by modif ...
Ecosystem Responses to Global Climate Change: Moving Beyond
... and life-cycle processes that coincide with recent evidence of climate warming, from which scenarios of ecosystem change are inferred; and (2) experiments examining plant–soil interactions under simulated climate warming. Both kinds of assessment offer indisputable evidence that climate change and i ...
... and life-cycle processes that coincide with recent evidence of climate warming, from which scenarios of ecosystem change are inferred; and (2) experiments examining plant–soil interactions under simulated climate warming. Both kinds of assessment offer indisputable evidence that climate change and i ...
Artificial Habitats
... adopted in sociology). The naturalist-biological concept refers strictly to the geographic ...
... adopted in sociology). The naturalist-biological concept refers strictly to the geographic ...
... By integrating a wide range of experimental, comparative, and theoretical approaches, ecologists are starting to gain a detailed understanding of the long-term dynamics of vegetation. We explore how patterns of variation in demographic traits among species have provided insight into the processes th ...
Cases from History 2
... Naturalists continually refer to external conditions, such as climate, food, etc., as the only possible cause of variation. In one very limited sense, as we shall hereafter see, this may be true; but it is preposterous to attribute to mere external conditions, the structure, for instance, of the woo ...
... Naturalists continually refer to external conditions, such as climate, food, etc., as the only possible cause of variation. In one very limited sense, as we shall hereafter see, this may be true; but it is preposterous to attribute to mere external conditions, the structure, for instance, of the woo ...
Than Muck Munchers: Detritivores Impact Primary Producer Food Web
... mediate predator-herbivore interactions as well as primary production and decomposition. Methods: To examine the effect of detritivore community composition on the ability of predators to exert top-down control on the rate of decomposition, the above experiment (objective 1) will be crossed with pre ...
... mediate predator-herbivore interactions as well as primary production and decomposition. Methods: To examine the effect of detritivore community composition on the ability of predators to exert top-down control on the rate of decomposition, the above experiment (objective 1) will be crossed with pre ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... Prior to Darwin, there was no particular explanation for these four attributes of the living world. In most civilizations, there was a tacit acceptance that this was the way things were or happened to be. In the intellectual world of Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, the dominant view was that ...
... Prior to Darwin, there was no particular explanation for these four attributes of the living world. In most civilizations, there was a tacit acceptance that this was the way things were or happened to be. In the intellectual world of Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, the dominant view was that ...
How molecular tools can help understanding species
... thereby influencing plant growth. A deep understanding of the interactions between arthropod grazers and fungal communities will lead to better predictions of decomposition rates, nutrient cycling and eventually plant growth rates in restored areas. Molecular tools capable of disentangling such comp ...
... thereby influencing plant growth. A deep understanding of the interactions between arthropod grazers and fungal communities will lead to better predictions of decomposition rates, nutrient cycling and eventually plant growth rates in restored areas. Molecular tools capable of disentangling such comp ...
Special Feature - Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
... this cycle because subdisciplines often focus on either the parts or the whole. Such splintering can be traced to the abandonment of the holistic approach of Aristotelian science during the Scientific Revolution. While such holism may have lessened debate, some have argued that it stagnated Western ...
... this cycle because subdisciplines often focus on either the parts or the whole. Such splintering can be traced to the abandonment of the holistic approach of Aristotelian science during the Scientific Revolution. While such holism may have lessened debate, some have argued that it stagnated Western ...
areading 10
... probably no way to know beforehand whether one or more wolf populations will begin preying on livestock. (Note: Studies have shown that there is little evidence to support the claim that wolves are responsible for killing large numbers of livestock.) 17. No; we do not fully understand what effects w ...
... probably no way to know beforehand whether one or more wolf populations will begin preying on livestock. (Note: Studies have shown that there is little evidence to support the claim that wolves are responsible for killing large numbers of livestock.) 17. No; we do not fully understand what effects w ...
Biology
... ● What are some other patterns of inheritance? ● Each chromosome consists of a single very long DNA molecule, and each gene on the chromosome is a ● What are sources of genetic variation? particular segment of that DNA. The instructions for forming species’ characteristics are carried in DNA. All Un ...
... ● What are some other patterns of inheritance? ● Each chromosome consists of a single very long DNA molecule, and each gene on the chromosome is a ● What are sources of genetic variation? particular segment of that DNA. The instructions for forming species’ characteristics are carried in DNA. All Un ...
fall final exam review ws #1
... 46. What is the carrying capacity for this population? 47. Under what type of conditions would a population grow exponentially? Below is a graph illustrating how “limiting factors” can affect population growth. ...
... 46. What is the carrying capacity for this population? 47. Under what type of conditions would a population grow exponentially? Below is a graph illustrating how “limiting factors” can affect population growth. ...
3.1 Section Objectives – page 65
... • Secondary succession, however, occurs in areas that still have land containing nutrients in the soil.- Not completely starting from scratch, like primary. ...
... • Secondary succession, however, occurs in areas that still have land containing nutrients in the soil.- Not completely starting from scratch, like primary. ...
Evolution and Natural Selection
... processes are the key to the past, by investigating ongoing, observable processes such as erosion and the deposition of sediments. Discoveries of fossils were accumulating during the 18th and 19th centuries. At first naturalists thought they were finding remains of unknown but still living species. ...
... processes are the key to the past, by investigating ongoing, observable processes such as erosion and the deposition of sediments. Discoveries of fossils were accumulating during the 18th and 19th centuries. At first naturalists thought they were finding remains of unknown but still living species. ...
pdf - Roger Williams University
... community can be incorporated for some student roles (see examples in Box 1). An additional recommendation is to choose a community in which many interesting, unusual, lesser-known, underappreciated, and/or misunderstood species and interactions can be identified, i.e., ones that will be wholly or p ...
... community can be incorporated for some student roles (see examples in Box 1). An additional recommendation is to choose a community in which many interesting, unusual, lesser-known, underappreciated, and/or misunderstood species and interactions can be identified, i.e., ones that will be wholly or p ...
Chapter 4 Population Biology
... Limits of the environment A. Populations cannot grow indefinitely B. Population size does have a limit C. Populations do have limiting factors in their environment. These limiting factors slow the growth of a population. i. Ex. Food availability and space C. This leveling off of population growth re ...
... Limits of the environment A. Populations cannot grow indefinitely B. Population size does have a limit C. Populations do have limiting factors in their environment. These limiting factors slow the growth of a population. i. Ex. Food availability and space C. This leveling off of population growth re ...
Invasions and stable isotope analysis – informing ecology and
... isotopic ratios from the consumer’s tissue (hair, feathers, whiskers, claw, blood, liver, bone etc), and also the stable isotope ratios of potential prey, local geology or rainfall patterns (e.g., West et al. 2006). Mixing models (Phillips and Gregg 2003) are often applied to interpret these results ...
... isotopic ratios from the consumer’s tissue (hair, feathers, whiskers, claw, blood, liver, bone etc), and also the stable isotope ratios of potential prey, local geology or rainfall patterns (e.g., West et al. 2006). Mixing models (Phillips and Gregg 2003) are often applied to interpret these results ...
Intro course LO evaluation
... Describe the simple model of island biogeography, and roles of island size and distance from a mainland source in determining number of species at equilibrium Describe the flow of energy and matter through an ecosystem List and identify the roles of each trophic level within an ecosystem Distinguish ...
... Describe the simple model of island biogeography, and roles of island size and distance from a mainland source in determining number of species at equilibrium Describe the flow of energy and matter through an ecosystem List and identify the roles of each trophic level within an ecosystem Distinguish ...
UNIT 7 NOTES
... Darwin’s two main ideas were: 1) Descent with modification explains life’s unity and diversity. This means that organisms that come from the same ancestors (descendants) are a lot alike (unity) but different (diversity) at the same time due to changes (modification) that occur along the way. Now we ...
... Darwin’s two main ideas were: 1) Descent with modification explains life’s unity and diversity. This means that organisms that come from the same ancestors (descendants) are a lot alike (unity) but different (diversity) at the same time due to changes (modification) that occur along the way. Now we ...
Early Successional Forest Ecosystem
... Here, we highlight important features of ESFEs, including their role in sustaining ecosystem processes and biodiversity, so that they may be appropriately considered by resource managers and scientists, and included within management/research programs dedicated to maintaining these functions, partic ...
... Here, we highlight important features of ESFEs, including their role in sustaining ecosystem processes and biodiversity, so that they may be appropriately considered by resource managers and scientists, and included within management/research programs dedicated to maintaining these functions, partic ...
Armit Meadows Ecological Reserve
... Plants of the grass genus Fescue dominate the fescue prairie meadows, while other dominant species include awned wheat grass, cow-parsnip, wild strawberry, northern bedstraw and common yarrow. Other species found within the ecological reserve include prickly rose, early blue violet, creamy peavine, ...
... Plants of the grass genus Fescue dominate the fescue prairie meadows, while other dominant species include awned wheat grass, cow-parsnip, wild strawberry, northern bedstraw and common yarrow. Other species found within the ecological reserve include prickly rose, early blue violet, creamy peavine, ...
Chapter 53 reading guide
... were marked with a dab of purple hair dye on the back of the neck. Two weeks later, the trapping was repeated. This time 75 mice were trapped, out of which 48 of the mice were marked. Using the formula N = mn/x, what is the population of mice in the field? (Answer is at the end of this reading guide ...
... were marked with a dab of purple hair dye on the back of the neck. Two weeks later, the trapping was repeated. This time 75 mice were trapped, out of which 48 of the mice were marked. Using the formula N = mn/x, what is the population of mice in the field? (Answer is at the end of this reading guide ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.