Community assembly, coexistence and the environmental filtering
... coexistence theory and the environmental filtering concept is that many existing discussions of environmental filtering assume that abiotic and biotic drivers of community pattern can be separated into independent effects (but see Maire et al. 2012). For example, many community assembly studies represe ...
... coexistence theory and the environmental filtering concept is that many existing discussions of environmental filtering assume that abiotic and biotic drivers of community pattern can be separated into independent effects (but see Maire et al. 2012). For example, many community assembly studies represe ...
draft cover letter to science
... most of the last 50 million years, radiated from that continent, and were diverse on it until the late Pleistocene (Table 1,56). Feral horses and burros are widely viewed as ecological pests, but in the context of historical ecology they are plausible analogs for extinct equids (35). Although the e ...
... most of the last 50 million years, radiated from that continent, and were diverse on it until the late Pleistocene (Table 1,56). Feral horses and burros are widely viewed as ecological pests, but in the context of historical ecology they are plausible analogs for extinct equids (35). Although the e ...
Design of rain forest reserves
... landscape level has been poorly addessed so far. For example, power-law species-area curves have been widely used for scaling-up to the landscape level [34, 35], despite the lack of theoretical grounds for these extrapolation techniques. In fact, large-scale censuses of plants in several vegetation ...
... landscape level has been poorly addessed so far. For example, power-law species-area curves have been widely used for scaling-up to the landscape level [34, 35], despite the lack of theoretical grounds for these extrapolation techniques. In fact, large-scale censuses of plants in several vegetation ...
Final Draft
... ecosystem is a spatial concept. For example, a pond ecosystem is clearly distinguished from the surrounding terrestrial area when it is full of water. But there are sometimes problems in demarcating boundaries of ecosystems. As for example, the contrast between the pond and surrounding terrestrial a ...
... ecosystem is a spatial concept. For example, a pond ecosystem is clearly distinguished from the surrounding terrestrial area when it is full of water. But there are sometimes problems in demarcating boundaries of ecosystems. As for example, the contrast between the pond and surrounding terrestrial a ...
Major Field Test Biology program flyer
... The Major Field Test in Biology contains about 150 multiple-choice questions, a number of which are grouped in sets and based on descriptions of laboratory and field situations, diagrams or experimental results. The subject matter is organized into four major areas: cell biology; molecular biology a ...
... The Major Field Test in Biology contains about 150 multiple-choice questions, a number of which are grouped in sets and based on descriptions of laboratory and field situations, diagrams or experimental results. The subject matter is organized into four major areas: cell biology; molecular biology a ...
Food Web and Ecological Relationships Quiz
... 7. Ticks carry bacteria that cause Lyme disease. Ticks do not get Lyme disease, but they can transfer the bacteria to humans, who can get the disease. Which of the following statements best describes the relationships among the bacteria, the ticks, and the humans? A. The relationship between the ba ...
... 7. Ticks carry bacteria that cause Lyme disease. Ticks do not get Lyme disease, but they can transfer the bacteria to humans, who can get the disease. Which of the following statements best describes the relationships among the bacteria, the ticks, and the humans? A. The relationship between the ba ...
Theobald.etal.EPA.WED.2005
... One consequence of this interplay [between pattern and process] is the form of functional connectivity found in a landscape. The landscape pattern-process linkage produces spatial dependencies in a variety of ecological phenomena, again mediated by organismal traits. All of the components of this fr ...
... One consequence of this interplay [between pattern and process] is the form of functional connectivity found in a landscape. The landscape pattern-process linkage produces spatial dependencies in a variety of ecological phenomena, again mediated by organismal traits. All of the components of this fr ...
From Populations to the Biosphere
... way organisms grow? Usually, populations first grow exponentially. But as populations increase, rates of growth slow down and slowly level off. This is shown as an S-shaped curve in Figure 1.9, and is called logistic growth. Why do ...
... way organisms grow? Usually, populations first grow exponentially. But as populations increase, rates of growth slow down and slowly level off. This is shown as an S-shaped curve in Figure 1.9, and is called logistic growth. Why do ...
Lab 531 Laboratory 531 - University of Technology Sydney
... Dr. Rebecca Fox and Professor David Booth looking at competitive interactions between tropical vagrant species and temperate resident species. She is particularly interested in how behavioural strategies of tropical species change as temperature drops into winter and potential benefits of shoaling w ...
... Dr. Rebecca Fox and Professor David Booth looking at competitive interactions between tropical vagrant species and temperate resident species. She is particularly interested in how behavioural strategies of tropical species change as temperature drops into winter and potential benefits of shoaling w ...
HS-LS4-1
... reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on using evidence to explain the influence each of the four factors has on the number of organisms ...
... reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on using evidence to explain the influence each of the four factors has on the number of organisms ...
8TH GRADE INTEGRATED SCIENCE
... 2. Interaction between organisms for resources. 3. Organism that is hunted and killed for food. 4. Symbiotic relationship between 2 species where both benefit. 5. Organism that makes its own food. 6. Process where one organism hunts and kills another for food. 7. Organism that is harmed by a parasit ...
... 2. Interaction between organisms for resources. 3. Organism that is hunted and killed for food. 4. Symbiotic relationship between 2 species where both benefit. 5. Organism that makes its own food. 6. Process where one organism hunts and kills another for food. 7. Organism that is harmed by a parasit ...
maintain existing and credited habitat values
... necessary ecological functions forms the ecosystem structure and conditions needed to provide the desired abundance and productivity of specific species. ...
... necessary ecological functions forms the ecosystem structure and conditions needed to provide the desired abundance and productivity of specific species. ...
Title: Fine-scale and Microhabitat Factors Influencing Terrestrial
... invaluable information about their niche requirements, population dynamics, and biotic interactions (Costa et al. 2008, Peterman and Semlitsch 2013), and can even inform decisions about habitat management and restoration (Peterson 2006). However, unnatural environmental gradients may not provide the ...
... invaluable information about their niche requirements, population dynamics, and biotic interactions (Costa et al. 2008, Peterman and Semlitsch 2013), and can even inform decisions about habitat management and restoration (Peterson 2006). However, unnatural environmental gradients may not provide the ...
Eco Jeopardy 5
... – 5. Go to the Daily Double slide just linked to, and right click once on the answer arrow at the bottom right, choose Hyperlink, and choose Edit Hyperlink. – 6. In the Action Settings window, make sure the Hyperlink button (to the left of “Hyperlink”) is selected, and in the select box underneath c ...
... – 5. Go to the Daily Double slide just linked to, and right click once on the answer arrow at the bottom right, choose Hyperlink, and choose Edit Hyperlink. – 6. In the Action Settings window, make sure the Hyperlink button (to the left of “Hyperlink”) is selected, and in the select box underneath c ...
Artificial Selection (Stations 9-12)
... moths' resting place became the darker color of the bark beneath. Kettlewell observed that, as this environmental transformation occurred, a dark form of the moth became increasingly common, eventually making up more than 90 percent of the population of moths in the affected areas. In the unpolluted ...
... moths' resting place became the darker color of the bark beneath. Kettlewell observed that, as this environmental transformation occurred, a dark form of the moth became increasingly common, eventually making up more than 90 percent of the population of moths in the affected areas. In the unpolluted ...
Mechanisms driving change: altered species interactions and
... 2009), alteration of net primary production, soil nitrogen cycling (Melillo et al. 1993) and pollination patterns (Fitter et al. 1995). Moreover, elevated temperatures can disrupt species interactions through shifts in phenology, survival, symbioses and other related pathways. For example, changes i ...
... 2009), alteration of net primary production, soil nitrogen cycling (Melillo et al. 1993) and pollination patterns (Fitter et al. 1995). Moreover, elevated temperatures can disrupt species interactions through shifts in phenology, survival, symbioses and other related pathways. For example, changes i ...
Biology SH - Willmar Public Schools
... dynamic biological communities in ecosystems. * Matter cycles and energy flows through different levels of organization of living systems and the physical environment, as chemical elements are combined in different ways. * Natural and designed systems are made up of components that act within a syst ...
... dynamic biological communities in ecosystems. * Matter cycles and energy flows through different levels of organization of living systems and the physical environment, as chemical elements are combined in different ways. * Natural and designed systems are made up of components that act within a syst ...
Ecosystem services of agricultural landscape in Slovakia
... Pilot areas – preserved original agricultural landscapes, which did not lose shape and contour of the cultural–historical countryside (areas are less accessible and remote, having marginal areas with extreme conditions of nature). ...
... Pilot areas – preserved original agricultural landscapes, which did not lose shape and contour of the cultural–historical countryside (areas are less accessible and remote, having marginal areas with extreme conditions of nature). ...
Unifying Themes of Biology
... Evolution continues today, and it will continue as long as life exists on Earth. ...
... Evolution continues today, and it will continue as long as life exists on Earth. ...
Grassland Ecosystems - Sala Lab
... native species are found in Tallgrass Prairie (Freeman, 1998), the vast majority of which are perennial grasses. Plant species diversity shows a great spatial variation. Grassland communities can be very species rich at fine spatial scales but tend to be similar and structurally simple over large ar ...
... native species are found in Tallgrass Prairie (Freeman, 1998), the vast majority of which are perennial grasses. Plant species diversity shows a great spatial variation. Grassland communities can be very species rich at fine spatial scales but tend to be similar and structurally simple over large ar ...
Plant-animal pollination interaction networks in Australia
... influenced by flowering phenology, floral attractants and rewards and the diversity and abundance of visitors. A variety of different environments will be sampled to determine difference in structure between plant – pollinator communities. Commonalities in plant-pollinator networks from different en ...
... influenced by flowering phenology, floral attractants and rewards and the diversity and abundance of visitors. A variety of different environments will be sampled to determine difference in structure between plant – pollinator communities. Commonalities in plant-pollinator networks from different en ...
2 facts, 2 deductions
... Patterns of evolution are the result of natural selection (similar to artificial selection of crops, livestock, and pets): Observation #1: Members of a population often vary in their inherited traits Observation #2: All species can produce more offspring than the environment can support, and man ...
... Patterns of evolution are the result of natural selection (similar to artificial selection of crops, livestock, and pets): Observation #1: Members of a population often vary in their inherited traits Observation #2: All species can produce more offspring than the environment can support, and man ...
APLAP3-2SPRING2005
... 11. Explain what evidence convinced Darwin that species change over time. 12. Describe the three inferences Darwin made from his observations that led him to propose natural selection as a mechanism for evolutionary change. 13. Explain how an essay by the Rev. Thomas Malthus influenced Charles Darwi ...
... 11. Explain what evidence convinced Darwin that species change over time. 12. Describe the three inferences Darwin made from his observations that led him to propose natural selection as a mechanism for evolutionary change. 13. Explain how an essay by the Rev. Thomas Malthus influenced Charles Darwi ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.