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Sample pages 2 PDF
Sample pages 2 PDF

... proteins, and has within it channels for the movement of ions such as potassium (K+ ), calcium (Ca 2+ ), and hydrogen (H+ ). Cytoplasm. The cytoplasm (cytosol, f) is a liquid, gellike substance and contains several types of organelles; smooth (g) or rough endoplasmic reticulum (h), rough referring t ...
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... • Makes proteins • The “free” ribosomes in cytoplasm make proteins for the cell that they are INSIDE of. • Ribosomes that are attached to ER make proteins for OUTSIDE OF CELL. ...
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Flagellum



A flagellum (/fləˈdʒɛləm/; plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The word flagellum in Latin means whip. The primary role of the flagellum is locomotion but it also often has function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell. Flagella are organelles defined by function rather than structure. There are large differences between different types of flagella; the prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ greatly in protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion. However, both are used for swimming.An example of a flagellate bacterium is the ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori, which uses multiple flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium. An example of a eukaryotic flagellate cell is the mammalian sperm cell, which uses its flagellum to propel itself through the female reproductive tract. Eukaryotic flagella are structurally identical to eukaryotic cilia, although distinctions are sometimes made according to function and/or length.
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