Sex Chromosomal Transposable Element Accumulation
... In mammals, sex is determined by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome, which encodes the SRY gene necessary for testis development (Whitfield, Lovell-Badge, and Goodfellow 1993). The acquisition by the Y chromosome of the sex-determining function early in mammalian evolution is likely to have ...
... In mammals, sex is determined by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome, which encodes the SRY gene necessary for testis development (Whitfield, Lovell-Badge, and Goodfellow 1993). The acquisition by the Y chromosome of the sex-determining function early in mammalian evolution is likely to have ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Evolution and Maintenance of
... models (Hughes and Nei 1989; Ota and Nei 1994; Nei, Gu, and Sitnikova 1997; Gu and Nei 1999; Rooney, Piontkivska, and Nei 2002). In the latter model, gene duplication gives rise to new genes, some of which persist in the genome for long periods, whereas others are lost through deletion events or deg ...
... models (Hughes and Nei 1989; Ota and Nei 1994; Nei, Gu, and Sitnikova 1997; Gu and Nei 1999; Rooney, Piontkivska, and Nei 2002). In the latter model, gene duplication gives rise to new genes, some of which persist in the genome for long periods, whereas others are lost through deletion events or deg ...
Plant LTR-retrotransposons and MITEs: control of
... 4 –8% of the genome, in large genomes like maize they can account for more than 50– 80% of their DNA content (Kumar and Bennetzen, 1999). The copy number of retrotransposons increases with their activity due to their replicative mechanism of transposition and has probably played a major role in plan ...
... 4 –8% of the genome, in large genomes like maize they can account for more than 50– 80% of their DNA content (Kumar and Bennetzen, 1999). The copy number of retrotransposons increases with their activity due to their replicative mechanism of transposition and has probably played a major role in plan ...
Pierce Genetics: A Conceptual Approach 3e
... ALTER CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE • Inversions (depending on the involvement of ...
... ALTER CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE • Inversions (depending on the involvement of ...
CAPSTONE - Bioinformatics at School of Informatics
... • Multiple Genome Browser (MGB) ▫ synteny regions between genomes. ...
... • Multiple Genome Browser (MGB) ▫ synteny regions between genomes. ...
Chapter 08 Lecture Outline 8.1 Microscopic Examination of
... Inverted region (b) Pericentric inversion ...
... Inverted region (b) Pericentric inversion ...
Substitution Rates in a New Silene latifolia Sex
... significantly faster accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction of relaxed purifying selection in Y-linked genes, leading to the accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions and genetic degeneration of the Y-linked genes. ...
... significantly faster accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction of relaxed purifying selection in Y-linked genes, leading to the accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions and genetic degeneration of the Y-linked genes. ...
The genome-scale interplay amongst xenogene silencing
... 10−10 ; Fisher’s exact test), as deduced from ChIP-seq data identifying the in vivo binding sites of H-NS on the E. coli chromosome during the mid-exponential phase of growth (9,21). In contrast, a much smaller percentage of the downregulated genes is bound by H-NS. In fact, the chance that an H-NS- ...
... 10−10 ; Fisher’s exact test), as deduced from ChIP-seq data identifying the in vivo binding sites of H-NS on the E. coli chromosome during the mid-exponential phase of growth (9,21). In contrast, a much smaller percentage of the downregulated genes is bound by H-NS. In fact, the chance that an H-NS- ...
Chromosome Variations
... broken and rejoined to each other. All the genes are present, so an individual with a translocation can be completely normal. However, an individual who is heterozygous for a translocation and a set of normal chromosomes can have fertility problems • The problem occurs during meiosis 1, as the resul ...
... broken and rejoined to each other. All the genes are present, so an individual with a translocation can be completely normal. However, an individual who is heterozygous for a translocation and a set of normal chromosomes can have fertility problems • The problem occurs during meiosis 1, as the resul ...
Localized hypermutation and associated gene losses in legume
... Carlow, Ireland Point mutations result from errors made during DNA replication or repair, so they are usually expected to be homogeneous across all regions of a genome. However, we have found a region of chloroplast DNA in plants related to sweetpea (Lathyrus) whose local point mutation rate is at l ...
... Carlow, Ireland Point mutations result from errors made during DNA replication or repair, so they are usually expected to be homogeneous across all regions of a genome. However, we have found a region of chloroplast DNA in plants related to sweetpea (Lathyrus) whose local point mutation rate is at l ...
C1. Duplications and deficiencies involve a change in the total
... C21. Imbalances in aneuploidy, deletions, and duplications are related to the copy number of genes. For many genes, the level of gene expression is directly related to the number of genes per cell. If there are too many copies, as in trisomy, or too few, as in monosomy, the level of gene expression ...
... C21. Imbalances in aneuploidy, deletions, and duplications are related to the copy number of genes. For many genes, the level of gene expression is directly related to the number of genes per cell. If there are too many copies, as in trisomy, or too few, as in monosomy, the level of gene expression ...
Document
... C21. Imbalances in aneuploidy, deletions, and duplications are related to the copy number of genes. For many genes, the level of gene expression is directly related to the number of genes per cell. If there are too many copies, as in trisomy, or too few, as in monosomy, the level of gene expression ...
... C21. Imbalances in aneuploidy, deletions, and duplications are related to the copy number of genes. For many genes, the level of gene expression is directly related to the number of genes per cell. If there are too many copies, as in trisomy, or too few, as in monosomy, the level of gene expression ...
S1 Supporting Information
... increase the proportion of transformed nuclei, as primary transformants are heterokaryons due to the presence of several nuclei in the protoplasts. Homokaryotic transformants were PCR analyzed to distinguish homologous from ectopic integrations, using primer pairs pyrG10 and F10 (r3b2 gene) (S8B Fig ...
... increase the proportion of transformed nuclei, as primary transformants are heterokaryons due to the presence of several nuclei in the protoplasts. Homokaryotic transformants were PCR analyzed to distinguish homologous from ectopic integrations, using primer pairs pyrG10 and F10 (r3b2 gene) (S8B Fig ...
Genome - people.iup.edu
... Orthologs: genes found in one organism that are similar to those in another organism but differ because of speciation Orthologs are genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene by speciation. Normally, orthologs retain the same function in the course of evolution. Identifica ...
... Orthologs: genes found in one organism that are similar to those in another organism but differ because of speciation Orthologs are genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene by speciation. Normally, orthologs retain the same function in the course of evolution. Identifica ...
Thinking of Biology - Oxford Academic
... multicellular organism all have the same genes, but particular cell types express only some of them" (Epp Figure 1. Schematicrepresentationof some transcription, editing, and translation 1997, p. 537). He went on to say that processes, highlighting the context dependencyof the expression of gene pro ...
... multicellular organism all have the same genes, but particular cell types express only some of them" (Epp Figure 1. Schematicrepresentationof some transcription, editing, and translation 1997, p. 537). He went on to say that processes, highlighting the context dependencyof the expression of gene pro ...
4.11 Repro Biol 053 Reik NEW
... most tangible during life in the womb1,8. One area for competition is in the placenta, over the control of the supply of nutrients. The placenta comprises two components: a fetal portion that develops from trophoblast derivatives (the first lineage specified in the early embryo) and a maternal porti ...
... most tangible during life in the womb1,8. One area for competition is in the placenta, over the control of the supply of nutrients. The placenta comprises two components: a fetal portion that develops from trophoblast derivatives (the first lineage specified in the early embryo) and a maternal porti ...
Page 1 MEIOSIS AND VARIATION A2.8 QUESTIONSHEET 1
... (b) genes consist of alleles at corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes; all alleles on a particular chromosome/chromatid must be carried together during inheritance; chiasmata will swap some of these alleles with those on the sister chromosome; thus the allelic make up of the linkage groups is ...
... (b) genes consist of alleles at corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes; all alleles on a particular chromosome/chromatid must be carried together during inheritance; chiasmata will swap some of these alleles with those on the sister chromosome; thus the allelic make up of the linkage groups is ...
Document
... Double Crossovers • More than one crossover event can occur in a single tetrad between non-sister chromatids, – if recombination occurs between genes A and B 30% of the time, • (p = 0.3), • then the probability of the event occurring twice is 0.3 x 0.3 = 0.09, or nearly 10 map units. ...
... Double Crossovers • More than one crossover event can occur in a single tetrad between non-sister chromatids, – if recombination occurs between genes A and B 30% of the time, • (p = 0.3), • then the probability of the event occurring twice is 0.3 x 0.3 = 0.09, or nearly 10 map units. ...
Comparative Genome and Proteome Analysis of Anopheles
... Chromosome mapping • Both Anopheles and Drosophila have five major chromosomal arms (X, 2L, 2R, 3L, and 3R, and a small chromosome 4 in Drosophila melanogaster). • In Drosophila, reassortment of recognizable chromosomal arms occurs by fission and fusion at the centromeres ...
... Chromosome mapping • Both Anopheles and Drosophila have five major chromosomal arms (X, 2L, 2R, 3L, and 3R, and a small chromosome 4 in Drosophila melanogaster). • In Drosophila, reassortment of recognizable chromosomal arms occurs by fission and fusion at the centromeres ...
the smallest dinoflagellate genome is yet to be found: a comment on
... et al. unpublished data). Another cell cycle related gene, mitotic cyclin, appears to have over 5000 copies in L. polyedrum (Bertomeu and Morse 2004). Although evidence remains to be furnished with more systematic measurement of gene copies and genome composition, current data suggests a possibility ...
... et al. unpublished data). Another cell cycle related gene, mitotic cyclin, appears to have over 5000 copies in L. polyedrum (Bertomeu and Morse 2004). Although evidence remains to be furnished with more systematic measurement of gene copies and genome composition, current data suggests a possibility ...
Chromosomal rearrangements maintain a
... To assess whether the recombination suppression that is observed in crosses operates at the population level, we estimated LD between nucleotide positions in and around P. A notable pattern of long-range LD was seen in tight association with the position of P, mapped from a survey of 17 markers sequ ...
... To assess whether the recombination suppression that is observed in crosses operates at the population level, we estimated LD between nucleotide positions in and around P. A notable pattern of long-range LD was seen in tight association with the position of P, mapped from a survey of 17 markers sequ ...
appENDIX I - VU Research Portal
... group are high-risk haplotypes. For example, in a schizophrenia family based study it was found that a certain combination of 8 allele calls in the DTNBP1 (dystrobrevin binding protein 1) gene were unique for the disease group (Van den Oord et al., 2003). Human individuals differ from one another by ...
... group are high-risk haplotypes. For example, in a schizophrenia family based study it was found that a certain combination of 8 allele calls in the DTNBP1 (dystrobrevin binding protein 1) gene were unique for the disease group (Van den Oord et al., 2003). Human individuals differ from one another by ...
Automatically Generating Gene Summaries from Biomedical
... on biomedical literature combined with existing model genetic databases, especially about the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. This paper describes a component software that supports automatic summarization of gene descriptions from biomedical literature. The generated summary covers six aspects o ...
... on biomedical literature combined with existing model genetic databases, especially about the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. This paper describes a component software that supports automatic summarization of gene descriptions from biomedical literature. The generated summary covers six aspects o ...
Copy-number variation
Copy-number variations (CNVs)—a form of structural variation—are alterations of the DNA of a genome that results in the cell having an abnormal or, for certain genes, a normal variation in the number of copies of one or more sections of the DNA. CNVs correspond to relatively large regions of the genome that have been deleted (fewer than the normal number) or duplicated (more than the normal number) on certain chromosomes. For example, the chromosome that normally has sections in order as A-B-C-D might instead have sections A-B-C-C-D (a duplication of ""C"") or A-B-D (a deletion of ""C"").This variation accounts for roughly 13% of human genomic DNA and each variation may range from about one kilobase (1,000 nucleotide bases) to several megabases in size. CNVs contrast with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which affect only one single nucleotide base.