Chloroplast anchoring: its implications for the
... maximize light interception, while under strong light, chloroplasts move to minimize light interception. It is generally accepted that the physiological significance of these movements is to increase photosynthetic activity under dim light (Zurzycki, 1955), while to evade photodamage caused by exces ...
... maximize light interception, while under strong light, chloroplasts move to minimize light interception. It is generally accepted that the physiological significance of these movements is to increase photosynthetic activity under dim light (Zurzycki, 1955), while to evade photodamage caused by exces ...
File - Ms. Arter`s Science Class
... factory depends on how much energy is needed • “Powerhouse” that runs the factory ...
... factory depends on how much energy is needed • “Powerhouse” that runs the factory ...
KPC Notes
... for movement of both the limbs and internal organs. Contraction also releases heat that serves to warm the body. Vertebrates have three types of muscle: Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow internal organs like the stomach, intestine, and urinary bladder. Cardiac muscle have structures call ...
... for movement of both the limbs and internal organs. Contraction also releases heat that serves to warm the body. Vertebrates have three types of muscle: Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow internal organs like the stomach, intestine, and urinary bladder. Cardiac muscle have structures call ...
Chapter 3: Cellular Form and Function
... • An organism’s structure and all of its functions are ultimately due to the activities of its cells. • Cells come only from preexisting cells, not from nonliving matter. All life, therefore, traces its ancestry to the same original cells. • Because of this common ancestry, the cells of all species ...
... • An organism’s structure and all of its functions are ultimately due to the activities of its cells. • Cells come only from preexisting cells, not from nonliving matter. All life, therefore, traces its ancestry to the same original cells. • Because of this common ancestry, the cells of all species ...
Chapter 3 Review Packet
... Diffirsion is a result of the natural energy of molecules. V/hen molecules are in solution, they collide and scatter. Over time, these molecules will become evenly spread throughout the solution, which means that the molecules have reached dynamic equilibrium. The molecules continue to move, but the ...
... Diffirsion is a result of the natural energy of molecules. V/hen molecules are in solution, they collide and scatter. Over time, these molecules will become evenly spread throughout the solution, which means that the molecules have reached dynamic equilibrium. The molecules continue to move, but the ...
An Overview of the Muscle Cell Cytoskeleton
... stripes of staining which they termed “costameres.” These costameres were located adjacent to the I band regions of the subsarcolemmal myofibrils (Figure 4). The positions of these costameres changed with the sarcomere length. Also the cell membrane became bulged in shortened muscle cells with the d ...
... stripes of staining which they termed “costameres.” These costameres were located adjacent to the I band regions of the subsarcolemmal myofibrils (Figure 4). The positions of these costameres changed with the sarcomere length. Also the cell membrane became bulged in shortened muscle cells with the d ...
smooth muscle - MBBS Students Club
... Allows myosin to pull an actin filament in one direction while simultaneously pulling it in the other direction on the other side ...
... Allows myosin to pull an actin filament in one direction while simultaneously pulling it in the other direction on the other side ...
COPY FACE SHEET Dr. Marks Room 217 Cell Membrane Key Ideas
... Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable internal conditions in a changing environment. Individual cells, as well as organisms, must maintain homeostasis in order to live. One way that a cell maintains homeostasis is by controlling the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Cells are suspe ...
... Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable internal conditions in a changing environment. Individual cells, as well as organisms, must maintain homeostasis in order to live. One way that a cell maintains homeostasis is by controlling the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Cells are suspe ...
SMOOTH MUSCLE
... Allows myosin to pull an actin filament in one direction while simultaneously pulling it in the other direction on the other side ...
... Allows myosin to pull an actin filament in one direction while simultaneously pulling it in the other direction on the other side ...
Cells and Tissues Part 1
... Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes Detoxify harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals) Replicate by pinching in half ...
... Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes Detoxify harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals) Replicate by pinching in half ...
Transport-modified - Brookings School District
... Diffusion only moves molecules from high concentration to low concentration. Diffusion happens slowly. Diffusion only works if substance can pass through cell membrane. ...
... Diffusion only moves molecules from high concentration to low concentration. Diffusion happens slowly. Diffusion only works if substance can pass through cell membrane. ...
Cells: The Living Units
... Charged particles cannot move across (all in reference to the lipid bilayer) ...
... Charged particles cannot move across (all in reference to the lipid bilayer) ...
File
... provides / produces , ATP ; releases / provides , energy AVP ; e.g. Krebs cycle, protein synthesis , ornithine cycle, regenerate NAD, lipid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, oxidation of fats (beta oxidation) ...
... provides / produces , ATP ; releases / provides , energy AVP ; e.g. Krebs cycle, protein synthesis , ornithine cycle, regenerate NAD, lipid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, oxidation of fats (beta oxidation) ...
Chapter 5 - Phillips Scientific Methods
... 16. IN A HYPOTONIC SOLUTION, THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE MOLECULES OUTSIDE THE CELL IS LOWER THAN THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTES INSIDE THE CELL CYTOSOL. 17. In Hypotonic Solutions, WATER DIFFUSES INTO THE CELL until Equilibrium is established. 18. In Hypotonic Solutions, Water flows into the Cell bec ...
... 16. IN A HYPOTONIC SOLUTION, THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE MOLECULES OUTSIDE THE CELL IS LOWER THAN THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTES INSIDE THE CELL CYTOSOL. 17. In Hypotonic Solutions, WATER DIFFUSES INTO THE CELL until Equilibrium is established. 18. In Hypotonic Solutions, Water flows into the Cell bec ...
Diffusion and Osmosis
... water concentration. This process is called osmosis. It is important to recognize that the higher the concentration of dissolved particles in a solution, the lower the concentration of water molecules in the same solution. So if you put 1 teaspoon of salt in a cup of water and 10 teaspoons of salt i ...
... water concentration. This process is called osmosis. It is important to recognize that the higher the concentration of dissolved particles in a solution, the lower the concentration of water molecules in the same solution. So if you put 1 teaspoon of salt in a cup of water and 10 teaspoons of salt i ...
Cytoskeletal elements in bacteria
... proteins also play a role in the segregation of plasmids and of whole chromosomes. In E. coli, the R1 plasmid localizes to the middle of the cells, where it is replicated. ParR protein binds to a cis site on the plasmids (parC) and interacts with ParM, a plasmid-encoded actin-like protein [41], whi ...
... proteins also play a role in the segregation of plasmids and of whole chromosomes. In E. coli, the R1 plasmid localizes to the middle of the cells, where it is replicated. ParR protein binds to a cis site on the plasmids (parC) and interacts with ParM, a plasmid-encoded actin-like protein [41], whi ...
Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function
... and support. The composition of nearly all cell membranes is a double-layered sheet called a lipid bilayer. Many cells also produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane known as the cell wall. Cell walls are present in plants, algae, fungi, and many prokaryotes. The main function of the cel ...
... and support. The composition of nearly all cell membranes is a double-layered sheet called a lipid bilayer. Many cells also produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane known as the cell wall. Cell walls are present in plants, algae, fungi, and many prokaryotes. The main function of the cel ...
ppt - Department of Plant Sciences
... Abscisic acid – abscission Jasmonic acid – found in jasmine oil Gibberellic acid – pathogen Gibberella Ethylene – chemical brother to ethanol Brassinosteroids – derived from Brassica spp. ...
... Abscisic acid – abscission Jasmonic acid – found in jasmine oil Gibberellic acid – pathogen Gibberella Ethylene – chemical brother to ethanol Brassinosteroids – derived from Brassica spp. ...
10 Smooth Muscle
... which the myofilaments (actin) appear to insert. The cytoplasmic dense bodies contain αactinin, an actin-binding protein. Desmin, the most abundant intermediate filament, and vimentin also insert into these anchoring points. The sarcolemma is covered externally by a thick external lamina consisting ...
... which the myofilaments (actin) appear to insert. The cytoplasmic dense bodies contain αactinin, an actin-binding protein. Desmin, the most abundant intermediate filament, and vimentin also insert into these anchoring points. The sarcolemma is covered externally by a thick external lamina consisting ...
Plant Cytoskeleton: DELLA Connects Gibberellins to Microtubules
... processes in animal cells. In particular, prefoldin expression levels correlate to the growth status of animal cells. Furthermore, overexpression of prefoldin complexes has been observed in many types of cancer and is thought to be important to support the high mitotic activity of tumor cells [10, 1 ...
... processes in animal cells. In particular, prefoldin expression levels correlate to the growth status of animal cells. Furthermore, overexpression of prefoldin complexes has been observed in many types of cancer and is thought to be important to support the high mitotic activity of tumor cells [10, 1 ...
Semester 2
... http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0074.JPG S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
... http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0074.JPG S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
Cells
... Do not have to go through cell walls (animal cells) Channel from one cell to another Joins 2 cells allowing for the sharing of info ...
... Do not have to go through cell walls (animal cells) Channel from one cell to another Joins 2 cells allowing for the sharing of info ...
Active transport - PrelimBio
... If there is a great difference in the concentration of substances, the concentration gradient will be steeper and diffusion will occur faster. ...
... If there is a great difference in the concentration of substances, the concentration gradient will be steeper and diffusion will occur faster. ...
Text - Tufts University
... Also present in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane are glycolipids with the oligosaccharide chains sticking out from the surface. The Membrane Proteins Embedded in the lipid bilayer are proteins that play important roles in the functions of the plasma membrane. Integral membrane proteins --- ...
... Also present in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane are glycolipids with the oligosaccharide chains sticking out from the surface. The Membrane Proteins Embedded in the lipid bilayer are proteins that play important roles in the functions of the plasma membrane. Integral membrane proteins --- ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑