Chapter 2
... in matrix of pectins and hemicelluloses (1o) or lignin (2o)) •Lignin is hydrophobic and prevents cell expansion •little cell migration (cell sliding possible) •Cell expansion depends on orientation of microfibrils •Molecules fixed in cell wall might fix cell fate (and daughter cells’ fate) ...
... in matrix of pectins and hemicelluloses (1o) or lignin (2o)) •Lignin is hydrophobic and prevents cell expansion •little cell migration (cell sliding possible) •Cell expansion depends on orientation of microfibrils •Molecules fixed in cell wall might fix cell fate (and daughter cells’ fate) ...
The Prokaryotes Simplest organisms All unicellular
... 4. Feeding B. Flagella - Solid, unsheathed, protein - Filament, hook, basal body C. Axial Filaments D. Fimbriae and Pili ...
... 4. Feeding B. Flagella - Solid, unsheathed, protein - Filament, hook, basal body C. Axial Filaments D. Fimbriae and Pili ...
How do materials move across the cell membrane?
... Molecules move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration. Small molecules diffuse through membranes during passive transport: materials move without using the cell’s energy. The diffusion of water through a membrane is ...
... Molecules move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration. Small molecules diffuse through membranes during passive transport: materials move without using the cell’s energy. The diffusion of water through a membrane is ...
Extracellular Matrix of the Animal Cell
... – Collagen fibers are embedded in a network made from proteoglycans. – Are another class of glycoproteins that consists of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains covalently attached. – Large complexes can form when hundreds of proteoglycans become non-covalently attached to a single long ...
... – Collagen fibers are embedded in a network made from proteoglycans. – Are another class of glycoproteins that consists of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains covalently attached. – Large complexes can form when hundreds of proteoglycans become non-covalently attached to a single long ...
Plant Cell
... • Ribosomes are packets of RNA and protein that play a crucial role in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells • Site of protein synthesis • Each ribosome consists of two parts – a large and a small subunit ...
... • Ribosomes are packets of RNA and protein that play a crucial role in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells • Site of protein synthesis • Each ribosome consists of two parts – a large and a small subunit ...
Enzymes have an optimum temperature at which they work best
... 12) Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose? (1) diffusion (3) respiration (2) photosynthesis (4) active transport 13) Explain the phrase “only certain organisms can change solar energy into chemical energy,” in the underlined portion of the first paragraph. In your a ...
... 12) Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose? (1) diffusion (3) respiration (2) photosynthesis (4) active transport 13) Explain the phrase “only certain organisms can change solar energy into chemical energy,” in the underlined portion of the first paragraph. In your a ...
MS-LS1-2 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes
... Students use the model to describe* a causal account for the phenomenon, including how different parts of a cell contribute to how the cell functions as a whole, both separately and together with other structures. Students include how components, separately and together, contribute to: i. Maintainin ...
... Students use the model to describe* a causal account for the phenomenon, including how different parts of a cell contribute to how the cell functions as a whole, both separately and together with other structures. Students include how components, separately and together, contribute to: i. Maintainin ...
Cells: The Basic Units of Life
... Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Cells: • Have no membrane covered nucleus • Have no membrane - covered organelles • Have circular DNA ...
... Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Cells: • Have no membrane covered nucleus • Have no membrane - covered organelles • Have circular DNA ...
Cell Structure and Function
... Fluid flows from lower solute concentration (so water moves from high to low) ...
... Fluid flows from lower solute concentration (so water moves from high to low) ...
Cell Parts and Function Analogy
... Chloroplasts are only in plant cells They contain chlorophyll, which helps make energy/food from sunlight Chlorophyll is green in color…so any plant that is green has chloroplasts ...
... Chloroplasts are only in plant cells They contain chlorophyll, which helps make energy/food from sunlight Chlorophyll is green in color…so any plant that is green has chloroplasts ...
• Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke • Early studies of
... • The size of cells is limited since most cells rely on diffusion of substances in and out of cells − diffusion is the net movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration • Rate of diffusion affected by: – surface area available – temperature – concen ...
... • The size of cells is limited since most cells rely on diffusion of substances in and out of cells − diffusion is the net movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration • Rate of diffusion affected by: – surface area available – temperature – concen ...
COMPARISON OF PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
... Cells vary widely in structure and function, even within the same organism. The human body, for example, has more than 200 different types of cells, each with a specialized organelles function. Each cell is made up of different ________________, each responsible for a different role to help the ...
... Cells vary widely in structure and function, even within the same organism. The human body, for example, has more than 200 different types of cells, each with a specialized organelles function. Each cell is made up of different ________________, each responsible for a different role to help the ...
Chapter 9: movement of material in and out of cell
... Movement of material in and out of cell: The basics & Passive Transport: *How does stuff move in and out of an animal cell? Cell membrane -Selectively permeable - things can go in and out of cell dependent on pore size. - this is done to maintain homeostasis or equilibrium. ...
... Movement of material in and out of cell: The basics & Passive Transport: *How does stuff move in and out of an animal cell? Cell membrane -Selectively permeable - things can go in and out of cell dependent on pore size. - this is done to maintain homeostasis or equilibrium. ...
Cell parts powerpoint
... – The most common protein in the world is called RuBisCO. It is used to do photosynthesis. – The most common protein in the human body (25-30%) is collagen, which is used for ...
... – The most common protein in the world is called RuBisCO. It is used to do photosynthesis. – The most common protein in the human body (25-30%) is collagen, which is used for ...
“cells”.
... the and cell other molecules materials that frombethe membrane are can endoplasmic used by the along rest reticulum ofwith the assembled, for cell; storage alsoand involved inother the cell in or proteins ...
... the and cell other molecules materials that frombethe membrane are can endoplasmic used by the along rest reticulum ofwith the assembled, for cell; storage alsoand involved inother the cell in or proteins ...
Chapter 7
... 15. Describe and give an example of cell specialization in a multicellular organism. ...
... 15. Describe and give an example of cell specialization in a multicellular organism. ...
Q18 Describe the processes of excitation and
... Unitary smooth muscle possesses an unstable membrane potential and continually contracts – ie, it has ‘tone’. Multiunit smooth muscle contraction is more discrete and localized. Intracellular calcium concentration ...
... Unitary smooth muscle possesses an unstable membrane potential and continually contracts – ie, it has ‘tone’. Multiunit smooth muscle contraction is more discrete and localized. Intracellular calcium concentration ...
Structure & Function
... production. Energy is used for almost all cellular functions. Respiratory enzymes break down sugars into high energy molecules. Mitochondria have double membranes. The inner membrane has finger-like “cristae”. ...
... production. Energy is used for almost all cellular functions. Respiratory enzymes break down sugars into high energy molecules. Mitochondria have double membranes. The inner membrane has finger-like “cristae”. ...
Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
... 33. Cilia and flagella are also composed of microtubules. The arrangement of microtubules is said to be “9 + 2.” Make a sketch of a cross section here. ...
... 33. Cilia and flagella are also composed of microtubules. The arrangement of microtubules is said to be “9 + 2.” Make a sketch of a cross section here. ...
Chapter 8
... low concentration until equilibrium is reached. Passive Transport= no energy required What substances may diffuse across membrane? Nonpolar (noncharged) molecules; small polar molecules ...
... low concentration until equilibrium is reached. Passive Transport= no energy required What substances may diffuse across membrane? Nonpolar (noncharged) molecules; small polar molecules ...
Link to Unit 4 - Lake County Schools
... SC.6.L.14.4 (AA): Compare and contrast the structure and function of major organelles of plant and animal cells, including cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and vacuoles. SC.6.L.14.3: Recognize and explore how cells of all organisms undergo similar processes t ...
... SC.6.L.14.4 (AA): Compare and contrast the structure and function of major organelles of plant and animal cells, including cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and vacuoles. SC.6.L.14.3: Recognize and explore how cells of all organisms undergo similar processes t ...
5 Eukaryotic Microbial Structure and Function
... • In the process of pinocytosis, the plasma membrane forms an invagination.What ever substance is found within the area of invagination is brought into the cell. • In general, this material will be dissolved in water and thus this process is also referred to as "cellular drinking" to indicate that l ...
... • In the process of pinocytosis, the plasma membrane forms an invagination.What ever substance is found within the area of invagination is brought into the cell. • In general, this material will be dissolved in water and thus this process is also referred to as "cellular drinking" to indicate that l ...
Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell
... - Plant cell walls are made of cellulose fibers embedded in other polysaccharides and protein. - may have multiple layers (middle lamella, and primary and secondary walls) B. The Extracellular Matrix (ECM) of Animal Cells - Animal cells, which lack cell walls, are covered by an elaborate matrix, the ...
... - Plant cell walls are made of cellulose fibers embedded in other polysaccharides and protein. - may have multiple layers (middle lamella, and primary and secondary walls) B. The Extracellular Matrix (ECM) of Animal Cells - Animal cells, which lack cell walls, are covered by an elaborate matrix, the ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑