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Cell City Answers
Cell City Answers

... chlorophyll. It captures the sun’s energy and uses it to produces sugars in a process called photosynthesis. a. What company or place does the chloroplast resemble in a Cell City? Solar Power Plant b. Why do you think so? The chloroplast captures the sun’s energy and uses it to produces sugars which ...
Secondary Wall
Secondary Wall

... single cell , but large type are make up of uncountable millions , or even billions , of these structural units. ...
Notes 3-4
Notes 3-4

... Hydrogen Ions out of the cell (from low concentration to high concentration) ...
Biology Questions p
Biology Questions p

... b) The higher the temperature the further the dye will move up the celery. c) Independent = temperature Dependent = distance dye moves up celery. d) Distance moved up celery divided by time it took to move. e) The beaker with 40oC will have the greatest movement of dye. This will happen because at h ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... – No nuclear envelope and do not include histones – can be spherical , elongated, or dumbbell-shaped – chromosomes attached to the plasma membrane ...
Use prefixes, suffixes, and roots to define the
Use prefixes, suffixes, and roots to define the

... Passive Transport • A process that moves molecules across the cell membrane without energy from the cell • Moves molecules from high to low concentrations • Like riding a bike downhill • Processes – Diffusion – Osmosis – Facilitated Diffusion ...
Biol 2022 Spring 2017 Study Guide Exam 1 Lecture 1 Definition of a
Biol 2022 Spring 2017 Study Guide Exam 1 Lecture 1 Definition of a

... The nuclear envelope is a double bilayer membrane that is continuous with the ER and contains nuclear pores. The Golgi: its functions in carbohydrate synthesis, location within the cell, and functions. Many vacuole functions. The cytoskeleton. What are microtubules and microfibers made of? Name the ...
MOVING MATERIALS INTO AND OUT OF CELLS
MOVING MATERIALS INTO AND OUT OF CELLS

... potassium ions (K+) into the cell and sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell • For every 2 potassium ion’s going in, three sodium ion’s go out and 1 molecule of ATP is used ...
cell stations - Science with Ms. Hawks
cell stations - Science with Ms. Hawks

... an organelle that makes proteins another name for fungus like protists The organelle responsible for determining what can come in and out of the cell. It also provides protection and support of the cell storage for water, food, wages, and enzymes The organelle that sends and receives proteins a vacu ...
CELL TRANSPORT
CELL TRANSPORT

... Does not require energy Uses transport proteins to move high to low concentration  Examples: Glucose or amino acids moving from blood into a cell. ...
The story inside the Cell
The story inside the Cell

...  Mitochondria can work only if they have oxygen  The reason you breath air is to make sure your mitochondria have the oxygen they have to make ATP  Highly active cells such as those in heart and liver may have thousands of mitochondria, while other cells may have only a few ...
Cells - Miss Gerges
Cells - Miss Gerges

... Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”  Function: digest things; digest food or break down the cell when it dies. Break down food molecules, cell wastes & worn out cell parts ...
cells
cells

... Phagocytosis: process of taking large particles into the cell by endocytosis. Extensions of the cytoplasm surround & engulf the large particles. ...
Cell Transport
Cell Transport

... ◦ Transport proteins (channel proteins) allow hydrophilic substances to move across the cell membrane from high concentration to low concentration ◦ No expenditure of energy ...
Diffusion
Diffusion

... Diffusion: Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration. – Concentration & permeability are the factors that determine if diffusion occurs across a membrane or not. ...
Chapter 3 The Basic Structure of a Cell
Chapter 3 The Basic Structure of a Cell

... Relatively larger in size ...
CHEAT SHEET – CELLS
CHEAT SHEET – CELLS

... Nucleus is a large oval structure found in both plant and animal cells. The main job of the nucleus is to act as “brain” of the cell: it directs all of the cells activities. The nucleus contains large molecules called DNA, which act like instruction manuals for the cell. Sometimes, a dark spot can b ...
Cells
Cells

... The Cell Life Cycle Cell Division and Cancer • Tumor (neoplasm) - a mass or swelling made by abnormal cell growth & division • Malignant Tumor = when it no longer responds to normal control mechanisms & spreads into surrounding tissues • Cancer = illness from effects of malignant cells ...
Learning Guide: Origins of Life
Learning Guide: Origins of Life

...  The permeability of the lipid bilayer. o Create the two column table with the headings (material and method). Consider the following materials that must cross the membrane. For each tell how it is accomplished: carbon dioxide, glucose, H+, oxygen, water o Describe the structure and function of tra ...
Chapter 3 The Basic Structure of a Cell
Chapter 3 The Basic Structure of a Cell

... Relatively larger in size ...
Cell boundaries
Cell boundaries

... 2 of the ways this energy is used are: 1 – Small molecules are “pumped” across a membrane by transport proteins 2 – Larger molecules are moved across the membrane using endocytosis and exocytosis ...
File
File

... Some Protists have chloroplasts like a plant and make their own food like the Euglena ...
Name: Date: Period: _____ AP Unit 2 Review Packet: Cell Structure
Name: Date: Period: _____ AP Unit 2 Review Packet: Cell Structure

... 22. Which types of molecules (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, small, large) can diffuse across the lipid bilayer? What types of molecules can diffuse across the lipid bilayer? Which types of molecules cannot? ...
3D Cell Rubric
3D Cell Rubric

... Some information is accurate Size of cell part is somewhat accurate relative to the class model ...
polar head
polar head

... nucleus but inside plasma membrane • Cytosol: Fluid portion • Cytoskeleton: Supports the cell – Microtubules – Microfilaments – Intermediate filaments • Cytoplasmic inclusions ...
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Cytoplasmic streaming



Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
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