
SECRETION AND ABSORPTION in the INTESTINE
... The villi are covered by a layer of epithelial cells with only a few other cell types interspersed. This folding arrangement dramatically increases surface area providing an optimal situation for absorption. B. Crypts of Lieberkuhn are extensive pits found between villi at their base which extend to ...
... The villi are covered by a layer of epithelial cells with only a few other cell types interspersed. This folding arrangement dramatically increases surface area providing an optimal situation for absorption. B. Crypts of Lieberkuhn are extensive pits found between villi at their base which extend to ...
Genetics and Evolution of Deep-Sea Chemosynthetic Bacteria and
... to new chemosynthetic habitats. A persistent dictum in microbiology is that “everything is everywhere, and nature selects” (Beijerinck 1913), but molecular studies have made it apparent that microbial populations are often spatially subdivided (Papke et al. 2003; Whitaker et al. 2003). Local-scale d ...
... to new chemosynthetic habitats. A persistent dictum in microbiology is that “everything is everywhere, and nature selects” (Beijerinck 1913), but molecular studies have made it apparent that microbial populations are often spatially subdivided (Papke et al. 2003; Whitaker et al. 2003). Local-scale d ...
Environmental Evolution
... their heredity, Darwin was wrong in asserting the autonomy of the external world. The environment of an organism is not an independent, preexisting set of problems to which organisms must find solutions, for organisms not only solve problems, they create them in the first place. Just as there is no ...
... their heredity, Darwin was wrong in asserting the autonomy of the external world. The environment of an organism is not an independent, preexisting set of problems to which organisms must find solutions, for organisms not only solve problems, they create them in the first place. Just as there is no ...
The Nitrogen Cycle WS File
... Nitrogen is a crucial element for all living things, forming an essential part of the structure of proteins and nucleic acids. The Earth’s atmosphere is about 80% nitrogen gas (N2), but molecular nitrogen is so stable that is only rarely available directly to organisms and is often in short supply i ...
... Nitrogen is a crucial element for all living things, forming an essential part of the structure of proteins and nucleic acids. The Earth’s atmosphere is about 80% nitrogen gas (N2), but molecular nitrogen is so stable that is only rarely available directly to organisms and is often in short supply i ...
Micro-organisms PPT
... What are microbes? Microbes are very small living things and are sometimes called micro-organisms. Microbes are so tiny that they cannot be seen with the naked eye. They can only be seen using a microscope. ...
... What are microbes? Microbes are very small living things and are sometimes called micro-organisms. Microbes are so tiny that they cannot be seen with the naked eye. They can only be seen using a microscope. ...
Culture-based Methods for Detection of Antibiotic Resistance in
... breakpoints (Turnidge and Paterson, 2007). Thus, an isolate classified as “susceptible” would be inhibited by the MIC at the site of infection, whereas a classification of “resistant” implies that an isolate would not be inhibited by this achievable concentration (CLSI, 2015). The “intermediate” cat ...
... breakpoints (Turnidge and Paterson, 2007). Thus, an isolate classified as “susceptible” would be inhibited by the MIC at the site of infection, whereas a classification of “resistant” implies that an isolate would not be inhibited by this achievable concentration (CLSI, 2015). The “intermediate” cat ...
Prokaryote PowerPoint
... Prokaryotes are involved in all three categories of symbiosis with eukaryotes. Legumes (peas, beans, alfalfa, and others) have lumps in their roots which are the homes of mutualistic prokaryotes (Rhizobium) that fix nitrogen that is used by the host. The plant provides sugars and other organic nutr ...
... Prokaryotes are involved in all three categories of symbiosis with eukaryotes. Legumes (peas, beans, alfalfa, and others) have lumps in their roots which are the homes of mutualistic prokaryotes (Rhizobium) that fix nitrogen that is used by the host. The plant provides sugars and other organic nutr ...
Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infections
... Escherichia coli normally reside in the colon without causing disease. However, there is an amazing amount of DNA being swapped about among the enterics by conjugation with plasmid exchange, bacteriophages, and direct DNA insertion. When Escherichia coli acquire virulence in this manner, it can caus ...
... Escherichia coli normally reside in the colon without causing disease. However, there is an amazing amount of DNA being swapped about among the enterics by conjugation with plasmid exchange, bacteriophages, and direct DNA insertion. When Escherichia coli acquire virulence in this manner, it can caus ...
Nanowire–Bacteria Hybrids for Unassisted Solar Carbon Dioxide
... natural photosynthesis, CO2 is first reduced to common biochemical building blocks using solar energy, which are subsequently used for the synthesis of the complex mixture of molecular products that form biomass. Here we report an artificial photosynthetic scheme that functions via a similar twostep p ...
... natural photosynthesis, CO2 is first reduced to common biochemical building blocks using solar energy, which are subsequently used for the synthesis of the complex mixture of molecular products that form biomass. Here we report an artificial photosynthetic scheme that functions via a similar twostep p ...
Characterization of the Bat proteins in the oxidative stress
... WT and mutant strains by any of these analyses. Growth rates of WT, ΔbatA, and ΔbatABD strains were compared during in vitro cultivation in EMJH liquid medium and also for colony formation on solid EMJH medium. No significant differences in growth rate were observed when cultured in liquid medium, r ...
... WT and mutant strains by any of these analyses. Growth rates of WT, ΔbatA, and ΔbatABD strains were compared during in vitro cultivation in EMJH liquid medium and also for colony formation on solid EMJH medium. No significant differences in growth rate were observed when cultured in liquid medium, r ...
Menstruation Workshop Notes for Chemicals in
... perception that white=c1ean=better=pure o Bleaching process used to use chlorine as part of the bleaching stages o This was the source of dioxins as dioxins byproduct of the process o Dioxin effects are cumulative and can be measured 20-30 years after exposure o Concern is because tampons are used o ...
... perception that white=c1ean=better=pure o Bleaching process used to use chlorine as part of the bleaching stages o This was the source of dioxins as dioxins byproduct of the process o Dioxin effects are cumulative and can be measured 20-30 years after exposure o Concern is because tampons are used o ...
(Annona muricata L.) Leaves
... diameter of 14.5 mm. It fulfilled the requirement of Farmakope Indonesia, they are of 14 through 16 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol extract at concentration of 5 mg/ml could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameter of 8.6 mm and of 8.0 mm f ...
... diameter of 14.5 mm. It fulfilled the requirement of Farmakope Indonesia, they are of 14 through 16 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol extract at concentration of 5 mg/ml could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameter of 8.6 mm and of 8.0 mm f ...
On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a
... Climbing the Staircase. Fig. 2 shows snapshots of a typical simulation; see also Movie S1 for the entire dynamical process. The darkness of each “tile” indicates the number of bacteria of the corresponding genotype and compartment; also see Fig. S1. Initially, only compartment 1 is inhabited, and al ...
... Climbing the Staircase. Fig. 2 shows snapshots of a typical simulation; see also Movie S1 for the entire dynamical process. The darkness of each “tile” indicates the number of bacteria of the corresponding genotype and compartment; also see Fig. S1. Initially, only compartment 1 is inhabited, and al ...
Vibrionaceae - Cal State LA
... Colonization factors – fimbrial (hemagglutinin) and nonfimbrial (outer membrane proteins, including the LPS) are involved in attachment to intestinal mucosa cells. Motility – help V. cholera reach the intestinal mucosa ...
... Colonization factors – fimbrial (hemagglutinin) and nonfimbrial (outer membrane proteins, including the LPS) are involved in attachment to intestinal mucosa cells. Motility – help V. cholera reach the intestinal mucosa ...
Immunology, Microbiology and Biotechnology
... In addition to lysozyme, other antimicrobial agents include about 30 serum proteins, known collectively as the complement system. Substances on the surface of many microbes can trigger a cascade of steps that activate the complement system, leading to lysis of microbes. Another set of proteins tha ...
... In addition to lysozyme, other antimicrobial agents include about 30 serum proteins, known collectively as the complement system. Substances on the surface of many microbes can trigger a cascade of steps that activate the complement system, leading to lysis of microbes. Another set of proteins tha ...
MICROBES OF THE BODY: THE ENTERICS
... The term enterics refers to organisms belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. This is a family of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, facultative anaerobic rods. The Enterobacteriaceae have been studied extensively because of their importance in human disease. Although these bacteria are morphologi ...
... The term enterics refers to organisms belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. This is a family of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, facultative anaerobic rods. The Enterobacteriaceae have been studied extensively because of their importance in human disease. Although these bacteria are morphologi ...
LIFE in the soil
... HUMUS is DARK and made of tiny, CLAY sized particles OXIDATION – chemical decomposition of HUMUS ...
... HUMUS is DARK and made of tiny, CLAY sized particles OXIDATION – chemical decomposition of HUMUS ...
food and industrial microbiology
... source of nitrogen, minerals, vitamins and growth factors in order to grow and function normally. Since foods are rich source of these compounds, thus can be used by microorganisms also. It is because of these reasons various food products like malt extracts, peptone, tryptone, tomato juice, sugar a ...
... source of nitrogen, minerals, vitamins and growth factors in order to grow and function normally. Since foods are rich source of these compounds, thus can be used by microorganisms also. It is because of these reasons various food products like malt extracts, peptone, tryptone, tomato juice, sugar a ...
Phenol coefficient - Fakultas Farmasi Unand
... Staphylococcus aureus are added to each dilution; the dilutions are then placed in a 20 to 37oC water bath. At 5-minute intervals, samples are withdrawn from each dilution and used to inoculate a growth medium, which is incubated for two or more days and then examined the growth. ...
... Staphylococcus aureus are added to each dilution; the dilutions are then placed in a 20 to 37oC water bath. At 5-minute intervals, samples are withdrawn from each dilution and used to inoculate a growth medium, which is incubated for two or more days and then examined the growth. ...
Disinfection and Sterilization
... • excellent skin antiseptic agents – having a range of activity similar to that of alcohols • slightly more toxic to the skin • limited residual activity • inactivated by organic matter • Iodophors and iodine preparations are frequently used with alcohols for disinfecting the skin surface – Chlorhex ...
... • excellent skin antiseptic agents – having a range of activity similar to that of alcohols • slightly more toxic to the skin • limited residual activity • inactivated by organic matter • Iodophors and iodine preparations are frequently used with alcohols for disinfecting the skin surface – Chlorhex ...
Chemosynthetic endosymbioses: adaptations to
... reliance on symbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria is the primary nutritional strategy for many vent invertebrates [5]. Both partners are inferred to benefit nutritionally from these symbioses [6,7]. The invertebrate host facilitates access to the substrates (e.g. sulfide or methane, oxygen, CO2) that ar ...
... reliance on symbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria is the primary nutritional strategy for many vent invertebrates [5]. Both partners are inferred to benefit nutritionally from these symbioses [6,7]. The invertebrate host facilitates access to the substrates (e.g. sulfide or methane, oxygen, CO2) that ar ...
"Ecophysiological and molecular characterization of estuarine microbial mats" Laura VILLANUEVA ÁLVAREZ
... Fromin et al., 2002), these methods have provided comprehensive information on global patterns of microbial diversity and have proved useful for the study of factors that govern microbial diversity, ecology and function in numerous habitats (Casamayor et al., 2002; Ibekwe et al., 2002; Tankéré et al ...
... Fromin et al., 2002), these methods have provided comprehensive information on global patterns of microbial diversity and have proved useful for the study of factors that govern microbial diversity, ecology and function in numerous habitats (Casamayor et al., 2002; Ibekwe et al., 2002; Tankéré et al ...
Origins and Early Evolution of the Mevalonate
... findings have led to propose the same kind of nonhomologous replacements in archaea (Smit and Mushegian 2000), and several studies have tried to identify the enzymes carrying out the analogous reactions required to complete the pathway in this domain of life. A nonhomologous enzyme able to catalyze ...
... findings have led to propose the same kind of nonhomologous replacements in archaea (Smit and Mushegian 2000), and several studies have tried to identify the enzymes carrying out the analogous reactions required to complete the pathway in this domain of life. A nonhomologous enzyme able to catalyze ...
The Staphylococci123.5 KB
... responsible for human disease with streptococcus among gram-positive cocci “enteric cocci” Possess the group D cell wall antigen 16 species in the genus E. faecalis & E. faecium are most commonly isolated ...
... responsible for human disease with streptococcus among gram-positive cocci “enteric cocci” Possess the group D cell wall antigen 16 species in the genus E. faecalis & E. faecium are most commonly isolated ...
Why not revisiting tinidazole as potential treatment of
... in the specific field of odontogenic infections, whether from the in vitro susceptibility, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamia, or clinical points of view, but previous data on tinidazole point it as a promising agent in this field. Compared with metronidazole, tinidazole has the potential of improvin ...
... in the specific field of odontogenic infections, whether from the in vitro susceptibility, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamia, or clinical points of view, but previous data on tinidazole point it as a promising agent in this field. Compared with metronidazole, tinidazole has the potential of improvin ...