5.2.1 Doppler Hubble Toil and Trouble
... Thanks to the HST, we found earlier and earlier galaxies. We can see back in time because the light from those galaxies takes billions of years to reach our telescopes. HST data tells us that when the Universe was only 600 million years old, there were already stars and galaxies and other fami ...
... Thanks to the HST, we found earlier and earlier galaxies. We can see back in time because the light from those galaxies takes billions of years to reach our telescopes. HST data tells us that when the Universe was only 600 million years old, there were already stars and galaxies and other fami ...
How and when did the universe begin
... you move faster away from you, because there's more space expanding between you and those galaxies. That's how Big Bang theorists explain why light from the more distant galaxies is shifted farther to the red end of the spectrum. In 1965 two scientists made a blockbuster discovery that solidified th ...
... you move faster away from you, because there's more space expanding between you and those galaxies. That's how Big Bang theorists explain why light from the more distant galaxies is shifted farther to the red end of the spectrum. In 1965 two scientists made a blockbuster discovery that solidified th ...
Mass Outflow in the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4151
... Now, in 3-dimensions, we deal with volumes of spheres instead of areas of circles. • In “flat” Universe: volume = 4/3 π r3 How can we determine the curvature? • Count galaxies – if the number increases proportional to r3, Universe is “flat” – if the number increases more quickly with radius, the U ...
... Now, in 3-dimensions, we deal with volumes of spheres instead of areas of circles. • In “flat” Universe: volume = 4/3 π r3 How can we determine the curvature? • Count galaxies – if the number increases proportional to r3, Universe is “flat” – if the number increases more quickly with radius, the U ...
PowerPoint Presentation - The Origin of the Universe
... Small fraction is radiation we are familiar with. 3.6% is baryonic matter About 30% is dark matter Rest (about 70%) is dark energy! ...
... Small fraction is radiation we are familiar with. 3.6% is baryonic matter About 30% is dark matter Rest (about 70%) is dark energy! ...
Euclidean/non-Euclidean Geometry
... On a sphere, there are no straight lines. As soon as you start to draw a straight line, it curves on the sphere. In curved space, the shortest distance between any two points (called a geodesic) is not unique. In curved space, (for spherical (riemannian) or hyperbolic geometry)the concept of perpend ...
... On a sphere, there are no straight lines. As soon as you start to draw a straight line, it curves on the sphere. In curved space, the shortest distance between any two points (called a geodesic) is not unique. In curved space, (for spherical (riemannian) or hyperbolic geometry)the concept of perpend ...
Document
... In Einstein’s view, gravity is not really a force! Importantly, gravity is created not only by mass, but also by energy. Remember, mass is energy E=mc2 ...
... In Einstein’s view, gravity is not really a force! Importantly, gravity is created not only by mass, but also by energy. Remember, mass is energy E=mc2 ...
Lecture 9
... In Einstein’s view, gravity is not really a force! Importantly, gravity is created not only by mass, but also by energy. Remember, mass is energy E=mc2 ...
... In Einstein’s view, gravity is not really a force! Importantly, gravity is created not only by mass, but also by energy. Remember, mass is energy E=mc2 ...
Chapter 1 - Collins Foundation Press
... astronomers following in the footsteps of Galileo, who first used the telescope in 1609 to gaze upward and probe the hidden secrets of the heavens. In more recent years they have become astrophysicists, combining the observations and data from astronomy with the tools of physics to understand what’s ...
... astronomers following in the footsteps of Galileo, who first used the telescope in 1609 to gaze upward and probe the hidden secrets of the heavens. In more recent years they have become astrophysicists, combining the observations and data from astronomy with the tools of physics to understand what’s ...
The Origin of the Universe - Christos N. Hadjichristidis
... 4 1/2 billion years old by radiometric dating of rocks. (QUIZ: the oldest earthly rock so far found is 3.8 billion years old, could you explain why one can be sure that the Earth is older?) But how on Earth can we determine how old is our Universe? ...
... 4 1/2 billion years old by radiometric dating of rocks. (QUIZ: the oldest earthly rock so far found is 3.8 billion years old, could you explain why one can be sure that the Earth is older?) But how on Earth can we determine how old is our Universe? ...
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK
... a. Appreciate the scale of the universe and basic structure in relationship to the Big Bang theory. b. Give an historical perspective on the development of modern astronomy in conjunction with the development of Newtonian Mechanics and an understanding of gravity, as illustrated by the shift from a ...
... a. Appreciate the scale of the universe and basic structure in relationship to the Big Bang theory. b. Give an historical perspective on the development of modern astronomy in conjunction with the development of Newtonian Mechanics and an understanding of gravity, as illustrated by the shift from a ...
The New Cosmology: Our Expanding Universe
... The early idea was that Earth was a flat stationary plate, and the sky above was like a moving domed roof. That the earth was flat was obvious from sense experience: earth is experienced as flat and we don’t fall off. That the sky was moving was also obvious from experience, since all the objects in ...
... The early idea was that Earth was a flat stationary plate, and the sky above was like a moving domed roof. That the earth was flat was obvious from sense experience: earth is experienced as flat and we don’t fall off. That the sky was moving was also obvious from experience, since all the objects in ...
The New Cosmology: Our Expanding Universe
... The early idea was that Earth was a flat stationary plate, and the sky above was like a moving domed roof. That the earth was flat was obvious from sense experience: earth is experienced as flat and we don’t fall off. That the sky was moving was also obvious from experience, since all the objects in ...
... The early idea was that Earth was a flat stationary plate, and the sky above was like a moving domed roof. That the earth was flat was obvious from sense experience: earth is experienced as flat and we don’t fall off. That the sky was moving was also obvious from experience, since all the objects in ...
04 Kalam Cosmological Argument
... • In 1920s he observed distant galaxies were moving away from us • The universe is expanding • Must have had a begining ...
... • In 1920s he observed distant galaxies were moving away from us • The universe is expanding • Must have had a begining ...
God and Cosmology - Evidence for Christianity
... • We cannot seem to get away from the appearance of intelligent design – we can only push the problem back to another level • Unless we have some a priori commitment to a materialistic worldview, it seems clear that the solution that is simplest and requires the least faith is that the universe has ...
... • We cannot seem to get away from the appearance of intelligent design – we can only push the problem back to another level • Unless we have some a priori commitment to a materialistic worldview, it seems clear that the solution that is simplest and requires the least faith is that the universe has ...
The Universe and Big Bang Theory Review Sheet
... -everything that exists everywhere. All the space, matter and energy in existence. ...
... -everything that exists everywhere. All the space, matter and energy in existence. ...
Theory of Everything
... • Clouds – no symmetry • Backwards to big bang – see symmetry perfect • Superstring theory gives perfect symmetry as move backward • Humans cannot understand equations of theory of everything at this time ...
... • Clouds – no symmetry • Backwards to big bang – see symmetry perfect • Superstring theory gives perfect symmetry as move backward • Humans cannot understand equations of theory of everything at this time ...
Announcements Homework. Final Exam. Isotropy of the CMB
... • Linear size of largest structure = (speed of sound) x (age of universe at that time) • Distance to surface emitting CMB depends strongly on cosmological model. open • Î Angular size depends flat on cosmological model. closed ...
... • Linear size of largest structure = (speed of sound) x (age of universe at that time) • Distance to surface emitting CMB depends strongly on cosmological model. open • Î Angular size depends flat on cosmological model. closed ...
Galileo and Newton
... The Ptolemaic (a) and Copernican (b) systems both assumed that all orbits are circular. The fundamental difference is that Copernicus placed the Sun at the center. ...
... The Ptolemaic (a) and Copernican (b) systems both assumed that all orbits are circular. The fundamental difference is that Copernicus placed the Sun at the center. ...
Cosmology
... • Clusters and groups of galaxies are gravitationally bound together, however the clusters and groups spread away from each other as the Universe expands. ...
... • Clusters and groups of galaxies are gravitationally bound together, however the clusters and groups spread away from each other as the Universe expands. ...
Slide 1
... with his telescope showed that Earth was not the center of all orbits strongly supported a heliocentric (Sun-centered) model ...
... with his telescope showed that Earth was not the center of all orbits strongly supported a heliocentric (Sun-centered) model ...
Solutions to HW 1-2
... expansion, any initial curvature of the Universe would be stretched to near flatness. Horizon problem: the CMB is strikingly uniform in every direction we look in the sky. Opposite directions of the sky are too far away to have ever been in casual contact in order to come to thermal equilibrium (i.e ...
... expansion, any initial curvature of the Universe would be stretched to near flatness. Horizon problem: the CMB is strikingly uniform in every direction we look in the sky. Opposite directions of the sky are too far away to have ever been in casual contact in order to come to thermal equilibrium (i.e ...
Lecture 1 Coordinate Systems - Department of Physics & Astronomy
... My Gravitational Field Equation’s Predict that the Universe has existed forever, is infinitely large and uniformly filled with stars with an average Spacing of l light year ...
... My Gravitational Field Equation’s Predict that the Universe has existed forever, is infinitely large and uniformly filled with stars with an average Spacing of l light year ...
Shape of the universe
The shape of the universe is the local and global geometry of the Universe, in terms of both curvature and topology (though, strictly speaking, the concept goes beyond both). The shape of the universe is related to general relativity which describes how spacetime is curved and bent by mass and energy.There is a distinction between the observable universe and the global universe. The observable universe consists of the part of the universe that can, in principle, be observed due to the finite speed of light and the age of the universe. The observable universe is understood as a sphere around the Earth extending 93 billion light years (8.8 *1026 meters) and would be similar at any observing point (assuming the universe is indeed isotropic, as it appears to be from our vantage point).According to the book Our Mathematical Universe, the shape of the global universe can be explained with three categories: Finite or infinite Flat (no curvature), open (negative curvature) or closed (positive curvature) Connectivity, how the universe is put together, i.e., simply connected space or multiply connected.There are certain logical connections among these properties. For example, a universe with positive curvature is necessarily finite. Although it is usually assumed in the literature that a flat or negatively curved universe is infinite, this need not be the case if the topology is not the trivial one.The exact shape is still a matter of debate in physical cosmology, but experimental data from various, independent sources (WMAP, BOOMERanG and Planck for example) confirm that the observable universe is flat with only a 0.4% margin of error. Theorists have been trying to construct a formal mathematical model of the shape of the universe. In formal terms, this is a 3-manifold model corresponding to the spatial section (in comoving coordinates) of the 4-dimensional space-time of the universe. The model most theorists currently use is the so-called Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) model. Arguments have been put forward that the observational data best fit with the conclusion that the shape of the global universe is infinite and flat, but the data are also consistent with other possible shapes, such as the so-called Poincaré dodecahedral space and the Picard horn.