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Elliptical galaxies
Elliptical galaxies

... •If the isophotes are not circularly symmetric, then the galaxy cannot be spherically symmetric, but it can still be axisymmetric. •In general the line of sight will be inclined at an angle with respect to the equatorial plane of an axisymmetric galaxy. •In that case, there are infinite de-projected ...
Estimating the mass and star formation rate in galaxies
Estimating the mass and star formation rate in galaxies

... total quantity of dust between the observed and the emitting source. Since dust is formed  during the late stages of stellar evolution regions such as nuclei of galaxies, where many  generations  of  stars  are  actively  forming  or  have  formed,  evolved  and  “died”  are  often  enshrouded  by  ...
PH607lec10-4gal2
PH607lec10-4gal2

... Low Surface brightness galaxies (LSB)  Very difficult to detect!  Need dedicated surveys  Recent automated CCD surveys suggest there may be more LSB galaxies than all the other types of galaxy put together Peculiar Galaxies  In particular, interacting galaxies  Many cataloged by Arp in 1966 ...
9 Dwarf Galaxies
9 Dwarf Galaxies

... Low Surface brightness galaxies (LSB)  Very difficult to detect!  Need dedicated surveys  Recent automated CCD surveys suggest there may be more LSB galaxies than all the other types of galaxy put together Peculiar Galaxies  In particular, interacting galaxies  Many cataloged by Arp in 1966 ...
ISP 205: Visions of the Universe
ISP 205: Visions of the Universe

... • How did we come to be? – The matter in our bodies came from the Big Bang, which produced hydrogen and helium. – All other elements were constructed from H and He in stars and then recycled into new star systems, including our solar system. © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Chapter 7: The Galaxy, structure and content File
Chapter 7: The Galaxy, structure and content File

... The dynamical timing argument relies on modelling the dynamics of the Galaxy and nearby galaxies. The Local Group contains two substantial spiral galaxies, the Galaxy and M31 (it does also contain one less massive spiral, M33, several irregular galaxies of modest mass, and numerous low mass dwarfs). ...
PH607lec11-4gal2
PH607lec11-4gal2

... more LSB galaxies than all the other types of galaxy put together Peculiar Galaxies  In particular, interacting galaxies  Many cataloged by Arp in 1966 ...
Chapter 8 Pre-galactic enrichment of the IGM 8.1 Summary
Chapter 8 Pre-galactic enrichment of the IGM 8.1 Summary

... entire volume of gas polluted by metals) increases in VFF to 0.048 for both Case A and 0.046 for Case B. This corresponds to 28% (26%) of the baryon mass being enriched for Case A (Case B). The two cases are essentially indistinguishable with regards to the total mass and volume of gas polluted by m ...
introduction to astronomy
introduction to astronomy

... Compare the contributions made in the past with the advanced methods used today in the field of astronomy ...
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PDF

... Likewise, lower surface brightness features such as spiral disks will rapidly be dimmed beyond detection at great distances and so certain classes of galaxies may appear more concentrated and dominated by their nuclear regions than would otherwise be the case. At first it was thought these effects w ...
Our Galaxy
Our Galaxy

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3 The detector
3 The detector

... Active galactic nuclei are the most powerful objects observed in the Universe. They are galaxies hosting a super massive black hole (106 to 1010 solar masses) accreting matter at a rate of a few solar masses per year. Part of the absorbed energy is then released in a jet of accelerating electrons, t ...
Chapter1 - A Modern View of the Univserse -pptx
Chapter1 - A Modern View of the Univserse -pptx

... • How did we come to be? – The matter in our bodies came from the Big Bang, which produced hydrogen and helium. – All other elements were constructed from H and He in stars and then recycled into new star systems, including our solar system. • How do our lifetimes compare to the age of the universe? ...
ACTIVE GALAXIES
ACTIVE GALAXIES

... either side of the galaxy • Radio source sizes often 300 kpc or more --- much bigger than their host galaxies. • Head-tail radio galaxies arise when jets are bent by the ram-pressure of gas as the host galaxy moves through it. ...
Measuring Astronomical Distances
Measuring Astronomical Distances

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... both counters at the same time. This set up is known as a GM telescope, as it can determine the incident direction of a particle depending on the arrangement of the detectors. It was found that even when a strong absorber was placed between the two detectors, simultaneous discharges were found to oc ...
Likely formation of general relativistic radiation pressure supported
Likely formation of general relativistic radiation pressure supported

... radiating object is supposed to attain the black hole (BH) stage having z = ∞. As the collapse/contraction proceeds, both M and R decrease so that z increases and eventually, the collapsing body must approach the exact BH state with z = ∞. The effect of radiation trapping during these intermediate h ...
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... The surface of a CCD is divided into individual picture elements, or pixels. It is possible to do photometry (the image recorded is then a portion of the sky/star/galaxy) or spectroscopy (the light is dispersed by using a grating into its colors). There are some common problems with CCDs, which need ...
Galaxies have different sizes and shapes.
Galaxies have different sizes and shapes.

... they become compressed and extremely hot, so they give off very bright light. The motions of stars orbiting the black hole can also reveal its presence. ...
Chapter 12 Quiz, Nov. 28, 2012, Astro 162, Section 4 12-1
Chapter 12 Quiz, Nov. 28, 2012, Astro 162, Section 4 12-1

... towards the red end of the spectrum, the further away the object emitting it is. 12-35. Why do spiral galaxies have spiral arms? Density Wave theory.This is the preferred model for grand design spirals. The spiral arms in this model are over dense regions of the disk which move round at a differe ...
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The Milky Way: Spiral galaxies:

... on average, a single hydrogen atom will take 107 years to decay! The probability of an absorption is even rarer. •! HI gas mass is directly proportional to 21 cm line intensity •! HI disk is much more extended than optical light, typically out to 2R25 sometimes farther •! The radial motion of the 21 ...
CH01.AST1001.F16.EDS
CH01.AST1001.F16.EDS

... • How did we come to be? – The matter in our bodies came from the Big Bang, which produced hydrogen and helium. – All other elements were constructed from H and He in stars and then recycled into new star systems, including our solar system. • How do our lifetimes compare to the age of the universe? ...
CH01.AST1001.S15.EDS
CH01.AST1001.S15.EDS

... • How did we come to be? – The matter in our bodies came from the Big Bang, which produced hydrogen and helium. – All other elements were constructed from H and He in stars and then recycled into new star systems, including our solar system. • How do our lifetimes compare to the age of the universe? ...
A-level Physics A Mark scheme Unit 05 - Section 2A
A-level Physics A Mark scheme Unit 05 - Section 2A

... radiation and states they support the big bang theory. Hubble’s Law may also be used to support the idea that the Universe is expanding. ...
AQA Minutes Template
AQA Minutes Template

... radiation and states they support the big bang theory. Hubble’s Law may also be used to support the idea that the Universe is expanding. ...
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Structure formation

In physical cosmology, structure formation refers to the formation of galaxies, galaxy clusters and larger structures from small early density fluctuations. The Universe, as is now known from observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation, began in a hot, dense, nearly uniform state approximately 13.8 billion years ago. However, looking in the sky today, we see structures on all scales, from stars and planets to galaxies and, on still larger scales still, galaxy clusters and sheet-like structures of galaxies separated by enormous voids containing few galaxies. Structure formation attempts to model how these structures formed by gravitational instability of small early density ripples.The modern Lambda-CDM model is successful at predicting the observed large-scale distribution of galaxies, clusters and voids; but on the scale of individual galaxies there are many complications due to highly nonlinear processes involving baryonic physics, gas heating and cooling, star formation and feedback. Understanding the processes of galaxy formation is a major topic of modern cosmology research, both via observations such as the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field and via large computer simulations.
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