Published Version
... defense is effective in the field is mostly outstanding. Accordingly, even less is known about community-wide effects defensive symbionts are likely to exert in natural food webs by altering species interactions. This deficit has been recognized by several authors who have hence called for field exp ...
... defense is effective in the field is mostly outstanding. Accordingly, even less is known about community-wide effects defensive symbionts are likely to exert in natural food webs by altering species interactions. This deficit has been recognized by several authors who have hence called for field exp ...
Native frog (Leiopelma spp.) recovery plan
... (Green et al. 1993). Such findings suggest that at least some conservation measures for L. hochstetteri might be best framed population by population rather than at the species level (Green 1994), even though much cytogenetic variation may occur within populations (B. Waldman, pers. comm.). Subfoss ...
... (Green et al. 1993). Such findings suggest that at least some conservation measures for L. hochstetteri might be best framed population by population rather than at the species level (Green 1994), even though much cytogenetic variation may occur within populations (B. Waldman, pers. comm.). Subfoss ...
Coyotes, deer, and wildflowers: diverse evidence points to a trophic
... this valley is seasonal, peaking during summer, and is concentrated at a biological field station that is surrounded by undeveloped natural lands. Coyotes tend to avoid humans when their own predators are rare (Gese et al. 1989; George and Crooks 2006; Ripple et al. 2013), as is the case in our stud ...
... this valley is seasonal, peaking during summer, and is concentrated at a biological field station that is surrounded by undeveloped natural lands. Coyotes tend to avoid humans when their own predators are rare (Gese et al. 1989; George and Crooks 2006; Ripple et al. 2013), as is the case in our stud ...
Introduction to Watershed Ecology
... watershed is just one of many types of ecosystems. Watershed ecology is essential knowledge for watershed managers because it teaches us that watersheds have structural and functional characteristics that can influence how human and natural communities coexist within them. The gross structure of a w ...
... watershed is just one of many types of ecosystems. Watershed ecology is essential knowledge for watershed managers because it teaches us that watersheds have structural and functional characteristics that can influence how human and natural communities coexist within them. The gross structure of a w ...
Conservation Management Plan 2011
... Background information for threatened fauna species including their ecology, regional distribution, occurrence and/or availability of potential habitat in the study area, threatening processes and potential impacts of development are outlined in Ecology Australia and Streamline Research (2011). This ...
... Background information for threatened fauna species including their ecology, regional distribution, occurrence and/or availability of potential habitat in the study area, threatening processes and potential impacts of development are outlined in Ecology Australia and Streamline Research (2011). This ...
Research paper: Biotic Homogenisation
... scales species diversity has often increased because the establishment of nonnative species can outpace the loss of native species. Species gains are also frequently the result of the widespread invasion of ubiquitous nonnative species into areas containing rare, and often unique, native species. As ...
... scales species diversity has often increased because the establishment of nonnative species can outpace the loss of native species. Species gains are also frequently the result of the widespread invasion of ubiquitous nonnative species into areas containing rare, and often unique, native species. As ...
Concept Note Pollination
... stigma of flowering plants and is critical to fruit and seed production [Ingram et al., 1996]. The vast majority of plants rely on external vectors for pollination, such as the wind or animal pollinators. As a key process in sexual reproduction of flowering plants, pollination is crucial both to pla ...
... stigma of flowering plants and is critical to fruit and seed production [Ingram et al., 1996]. The vast majority of plants rely on external vectors for pollination, such as the wind or animal pollinators. As a key process in sexual reproduction of flowering plants, pollination is crucial both to pla ...
Love thy neighbor? reciprocal impacts between plant community
... stage; during localized outbreaks (May to early June), their densities of up to 30 per stem can lead to complete defoliation (M. Stastny, personal observation). The adults feed until early autumn, but at densities lower by several orders of magnitude, likely due to postemergence dispersal (Herzig 19 ...
... stage; during localized outbreaks (May to early June), their densities of up to 30 per stem can lead to complete defoliation (M. Stastny, personal observation). The adults feed until early autumn, but at densities lower by several orders of magnitude, likely due to postemergence dispersal (Herzig 19 ...
Collaborative Adaptive Management in Practice: Case
... working. needs to change, or is unknown about the system of interest. Divergent perspectives on issues are fine (and expected). 3. Decide if CAM is an appropriate tool: The working group needs to decide if CAM is an appropriate approach for addressing the problem(s) of concern. CAM is appropriate if ...
... working. needs to change, or is unknown about the system of interest. Divergent perspectives on issues are fine (and expected). 3. Decide if CAM is an appropriate tool: The working group needs to decide if CAM is an appropriate approach for addressing the problem(s) of concern. CAM is appropriate if ...
monitoring declines in widely distributed species
... 2004; Collen et al, 2006). But, information is needed to combat the current crisis of biodiversity loss - this information is needed to design, implement and plan effective conservation strategies whilst also communicating the scope and severity of the problem (Baillie et al, 2004). The IUCN Red Lis ...
... 2004; Collen et al, 2006). But, information is needed to combat the current crisis of biodiversity loss - this information is needed to design, implement and plan effective conservation strategies whilst also communicating the scope and severity of the problem (Baillie et al, 2004). The IUCN Red Lis ...
A synthesis of subdisciplines: predator–prey interactions, and
... 2002; Cardinale et al. 2004). To prove this, consider the situation where m consumers are selected randomly from a pool of M species differing in some attribute, for example, productivity. In the absence of a sorting process, the expected productivity of the m species is simply the mean of the M spe ...
... 2002; Cardinale et al. 2004). To prove this, consider the situation where m consumers are selected randomly from a pool of M species differing in some attribute, for example, productivity. In the absence of a sorting process, the expected productivity of the m species is simply the mean of the M spe ...
Fragoso 2005 Trophic strucure tropics
... been killed by beetles. This interaction is best described as a mutualism between Attalea and tapirs, and exemplifies what Bronstein and Barbosa (2002) classify as a protective mutualism, where a species deters other species in the same trophic level from negatively affecting the producer species. E ...
... been killed by beetles. This interaction is best described as a mutualism between Attalea and tapirs, and exemplifies what Bronstein and Barbosa (2002) classify as a protective mutualism, where a species deters other species in the same trophic level from negatively affecting the producer species. E ...
Rate of recovery of lichen-dominated tundra vegetation after
... 1997). For 13 years of recovery the increase in podetium height of fruticose lichens on the enclosed plots is revealed in comparison with the data for 1993-1994 years and the areas under reindeer grazing pressure. For the last period the general height of lichens has increased to 3-5 cm. The height ...
... 1997). For 13 years of recovery the increase in podetium height of fruticose lichens on the enclosed plots is revealed in comparison with the data for 1993-1994 years and the areas under reindeer grazing pressure. For the last period the general height of lichens has increased to 3-5 cm. The height ...
predation, habitat complexity, and variation in density
... of predators or prey. Within enclosed habitats, three predator densities (1, 3, and 5 predators/enclosure) were crossed with eight prey densities (10, 15, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 prey/enclosure), and trials were repeated over time such that each combination of predator and prey density was replicated ...
... of predators or prey. Within enclosed habitats, three predator densities (1, 3, and 5 predators/enclosure) were crossed with eight prey densities (10, 15, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 prey/enclosure), and trials were repeated over time such that each combination of predator and prey density was replicated ...
A review of the ecological implications of mariculture and
... Scolelepis fuliginosa from the edge of the cages out to about 8 m. Zone 3 - A slightly enriched “transitional” zone occurred at ²25m, Zone 4 - A “clean” zone > 25 m. At 120 m out from the farm conditions could be considered normal. Many authors found Capitella capitata, a species known for its toler ...
... Scolelepis fuliginosa from the edge of the cages out to about 8 m. Zone 3 - A slightly enriched “transitional” zone occurred at ²25m, Zone 4 - A “clean” zone > 25 m. At 120 m out from the farm conditions could be considered normal. Many authors found Capitella capitata, a species known for its toler ...
Effects of Introduced Bullfrogs and Smallmouth Bass on Microhabitat
... web of interactions containing both direct and indirect effects. For example, many organisms exhibit marked niche shifts and trophic level changes throughout their ontogeny. These ontogenetic shifts may influence interactions between species (Werner & Gilliam 1984; Stein et al. 1988; Olson et al. 19 ...
... web of interactions containing both direct and indirect effects. For example, many organisms exhibit marked niche shifts and trophic level changes throughout their ontogeny. These ontogenetic shifts may influence interactions between species (Werner & Gilliam 1984; Stein et al. 1988; Olson et al. 19 ...
ecology of phasmids (phasmatodea) in a moist neotropical forest
... Table 2-2: Niche breadth and niche overlap of phasmid species on BCI................................................20 Table 2-3: Dimensions of the food niche of four phasmids on BCI........................................................22 Table 2-4: Densities of phasmids, insects, and arthropods i ...
... Table 2-2: Niche breadth and niche overlap of phasmid species on BCI................................................20 Table 2-3: Dimensions of the food niche of four phasmids on BCI........................................................22 Table 2-4: Densities of phasmids, insects, and arthropods i ...
Alberta Ords Kangaroo Rat Recovery Plan 2013 -2018
... construct in loose sandy soil. Individuals are active aboveground at night to search for food and mates. Kangaroo rats primarily eat plant seeds and stems that they collect in their external furlined cheek pouches and carry back to their burrows for eating and storage. Ord’s kangaroo rat is listed a ...
... construct in loose sandy soil. Individuals are active aboveground at night to search for food and mates. Kangaroo rats primarily eat plant seeds and stems that they collect in their external furlined cheek pouches and carry back to their burrows for eating and storage. Ord’s kangaroo rat is listed a ...
Intraspecific phenotypic variation among alewife populations drives
... have a profound influence on ecological dynamics [1–3]. Furthermore, evidence that evolution can occur over ecological time scales and can have a measurable impact on concurrent ecological dynamics has inspired research on the feedbacks between ecology and evolution of life-history traits [1,4,5]. T ...
... have a profound influence on ecological dynamics [1–3]. Furthermore, evidence that evolution can occur over ecological time scales and can have a measurable impact on concurrent ecological dynamics has inspired research on the feedbacks between ecology and evolution of life-history traits [1,4,5]. T ...
ABSTRACT ROCKHILL, AIMEE PAULINE. The Ecology of Bobcats
... moon) and higher movement rates during nighttime when lunar illumination was high (full moon). These behaviors are consistent with prey availability being affected by light level and by limited vision by bobcats during darkness. The surrogate species approach is being adopted by many organizations t ...
... moon) and higher movement rates during nighttime when lunar illumination was high (full moon). These behaviors are consistent with prey availability being affected by light level and by limited vision by bobcats during darkness. The surrogate species approach is being adopted by many organizations t ...
UNIT 2 Practice TEST
... a. sharing resources by hunting at different times. b. sharing resources by looking for food in different places. c. parasitism. d. mutualism. e. commensalism. Which of the following statements about primary succession is false? a. It is initiated by pioneer species. b. It often involves species cha ...
... a. sharing resources by hunting at different times. b. sharing resources by looking for food in different places. c. parasitism. d. mutualism. e. commensalism. Which of the following statements about primary succession is false? a. It is initiated by pioneer species. b. It often involves species cha ...
Wild Open Spaces of the West
... Range Management is the careful use and management of rangeland resources (plants, animals, soil, and water) to meet the needs and desires of society without damaging the resource. The tricky part is that the “needs and desires of society” are continually changing. Livestock production has alw ...
... Range Management is the careful use and management of rangeland resources (plants, animals, soil, and water) to meet the needs and desires of society without damaging the resource. The tricky part is that the “needs and desires of society” are continually changing. Livestock production has alw ...
Plant Diversity Affects Performance of Invasive Thistles in Restored
... recent disturbance or opening caused by fire, flooding or overgrazing. If there are no natural enemies to control its population, whether it is insects, herbivores, or pathogens, an invasive may be more successful. Additionally, an invasive species can establish by directly outcompeting a native pla ...
... recent disturbance or opening caused by fire, flooding or overgrazing. If there are no natural enemies to control its population, whether it is insects, herbivores, or pathogens, an invasive may be more successful. Additionally, an invasive species can establish by directly outcompeting a native pla ...
Tegenaria duellica and Tegenaria agrestis
... ecosystems are unknown. Either can be very abundant on the undersurface of coarse woody debris, rocks and other objects on the ground, with their webs almost completely covering these areas. They likely displace native spiders, beetles, centipedes, millipedes and other species that normally would oc ...
... ecosystems are unknown. Either can be very abundant on the undersurface of coarse woody debris, rocks and other objects on the ground, with their webs almost completely covering these areas. They likely displace native spiders, beetles, centipedes, millipedes and other species that normally would oc ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.