Research Information on Acacia Erioloba
... although larger trees survive these. Large, old trees within populations are susceptible to fire (Van der Walt and Le Riche 1984) and storms (Wackernagel 1993, Barnes 1999), however. A. erioloba is able to resprout after fire (Skarpe 1980), felling (Henkel 1931) and herbivory (Barnes 1999), but appe ...
... although larger trees survive these. Large, old trees within populations are susceptible to fire (Van der Walt and Le Riche 1984) and storms (Wackernagel 1993, Barnes 1999), however. A. erioloba is able to resprout after fire (Skarpe 1980), felling (Henkel 1931) and herbivory (Barnes 1999), but appe ...
Effects of Wolf Reintroduction on Plant Communities in the American
... at Oxbow Creek). Scat were not found at Oxbow Creek, but fecal piles collected at the Lamar Valley plots corroborated heavy presence of bison. Of 1,326 fecal piles collected, 1,302 were from bison. The only evidence of elk presence in the summer was a single fecal pile in the 12,620 m2 sampling area ...
... at Oxbow Creek). Scat were not found at Oxbow Creek, but fecal piles collected at the Lamar Valley plots corroborated heavy presence of bison. Of 1,326 fecal piles collected, 1,302 were from bison. The only evidence of elk presence in the summer was a single fecal pile in the 12,620 m2 sampling area ...
Ecosystem engineering, experiment, and evolution
... See Odling-Smee et al. (1996, 641). Thus the statement by Laland et al. (2005, 41) that ‘‘throughout our studies on niche construction we have been consistent in utilizing the broad definition’’ is false. ...
... See Odling-Smee et al. (1996, 641). Thus the statement by Laland et al. (2005, 41) that ‘‘throughout our studies on niche construction we have been consistent in utilizing the broad definition’’ is false. ...
To feed or not to feed?
... P ¼ 0.045). An effect of fewer unintended effects when feeding concentrates (x22,61 ¼ 9.71; P ¼ 0.008) arose because concentrates were often associated with short-term feeding programs (Supplemental Material Fig. S1). Otherwise, we found no significant effects of feed type, distribution method, or p ...
... P ¼ 0.045). An effect of fewer unintended effects when feeding concentrates (x22,61 ¼ 9.71; P ¼ 0.008) arose because concentrates were often associated with short-term feeding programs (Supplemental Material Fig. S1). Otherwise, we found no significant effects of feed type, distribution method, or p ...
THE INFLUENCE OF THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT (LOXODONTA
... The African elephant (Loxodonta africana) - keystone species, ecosystem engineer and the cause of a global debate. A debate generated by the ecological and aesthetic concerns of managers and landowners in the face of increasing elephant populations in Southern Africa’s protected areas. These concern ...
... The African elephant (Loxodonta africana) - keystone species, ecosystem engineer and the cause of a global debate. A debate generated by the ecological and aesthetic concerns of managers and landowners in the face of increasing elephant populations in Southern Africa’s protected areas. These concern ...
Conference program and abstracts. International - CITA-A
... among individuals and populations to differences in the diversity and composition of biotas along geographic gradients. Given its interdisciplinary and integrative nature, biogeography is now broadly recognized as a unifying field that provides a holistic understanding of the relationships between t ...
... among individuals and populations to differences in the diversity and composition of biotas along geographic gradients. Given its interdisciplinary and integrative nature, biogeography is now broadly recognized as a unifying field that provides a holistic understanding of the relationships between t ...
A.12 GIANT GARTER SNAKE - Butte Regional Conservation Plan
... Due to lack of habitat and emergent vegetation cover, giant garter snakes generally are not present in larger rivers and wetlands with sand, gravel, or rock substrates. In addition, the major rivers have been highly channelized, removing oxbows and backwater areas that probably at one time provided ...
... Due to lack of habitat and emergent vegetation cover, giant garter snakes generally are not present in larger rivers and wetlands with sand, gravel, or rock substrates. In addition, the major rivers have been highly channelized, removing oxbows and backwater areas that probably at one time provided ...
Predation, Size, and Composition of Planktons
... of these interest span from how planktons can be used for food for humans to how they will influence global biogeochemical cycles in years to come. In the recent paper, “The first 25 years of Journal of Plankton Research: looking into the future”, Harris et al emphasized that plankton studies will c ...
... of these interest span from how planktons can be used for food for humans to how they will influence global biogeochemical cycles in years to come. In the recent paper, “The first 25 years of Journal of Plankton Research: looking into the future”, Harris et al emphasized that plankton studies will c ...
Representations of the ecological niche
... The fundamental niche F uN is a concept consisting mainly of a combination of conditions, in ecology called categories (from the ‘n-category theory’), to construct a hypervolume in multidimensional space (see §2.3). In ontology terminology, the ‘category’ is a combination of a quality/feature/proper ...
... The fundamental niche F uN is a concept consisting mainly of a combination of conditions, in ecology called categories (from the ‘n-category theory’), to construct a hypervolume in multidimensional space (see §2.3). In ontology terminology, the ‘category’ is a combination of a quality/feature/proper ...
Analyzing spatial patterns linked to the ecology of herbivores and
... food while simultaneously reducing negative impacts on the environment and using our resources in sustainable ways. A major challenge in ecology is understanding where multitrophic interactions unfold, and how to characterize and interpret them. An objective common to both realms is the development ...
... food while simultaneously reducing negative impacts on the environment and using our resources in sustainable ways. A major challenge in ecology is understanding where multitrophic interactions unfold, and how to characterize and interpret them. An objective common to both realms is the development ...
Explanatory, Predictive, and Heuristic Roles of
... in which interventions of the value of variable X change the value (or the probability distribution) of variable Y in accordance with the relationship between the two variables: If the value of the variable X of a generalization Yi = f(Xi) were changed by an intervention from x1 to x2, the value of ...
... in which interventions of the value of variable X change the value (or the probability distribution) of variable Y in accordance with the relationship between the two variables: If the value of the variable X of a generalization Yi = f(Xi) were changed by an intervention from x1 to x2, the value of ...
Standardized industry management practices
... integration, adaptive management, and stewardship. The SIMPs are applicable throughout all the ranges for the seven SPNC herds (see Figure 1), and provide standardized guidance that applies to all sectors, including non-renewable and renewable energy infrastructure and transmission, coal and mineral ...
... integration, adaptive management, and stewardship. The SIMPs are applicable throughout all the ranges for the seven SPNC herds (see Figure 1), and provide standardized guidance that applies to all sectors, including non-renewable and renewable energy infrastructure and transmission, coal and mineral ...
Fulltext - Jultika
... as target species of conservation efforts (Ray 2005). Although the role of top predators in ecosystems is still not well understood, they are increasingly recognized as keystone species. Keystone species are single species that greatly affect communities but constitute only a small proportion of the ...
... as target species of conservation efforts (Ray 2005). Although the role of top predators in ecosystems is still not well understood, they are increasingly recognized as keystone species. Keystone species are single species that greatly affect communities but constitute only a small proportion of the ...
Salt marsh hydrology assessment report - BIOEEOS660
... Once tidal flow is restored, there are a number of predicted responses from the biological community in the marsh (Table 2). Timing of recovery depends on a number of factors, including length and extent of disturbance, and the type of restoration (Zedler 2000). Specifically, once flow is restored, ...
... Once tidal flow is restored, there are a number of predicted responses from the biological community in the marsh (Table 2). Timing of recovery depends on a number of factors, including length and extent of disturbance, and the type of restoration (Zedler 2000). Specifically, once flow is restored, ...
Scavenging: how carnivores and carrion structure communities
... dynamics [18,20,21]. Indeed, food webs are built upon and stabilized by most species being involved in multiple links, with recent evidence suggesting that ties to detritus could be acutely important to system stability [22]. Scavenging and the stability of food webs Through detrital infusion to pre ...
... dynamics [18,20,21]. Indeed, food webs are built upon and stabilized by most species being involved in multiple links, with recent evidence suggesting that ties to detritus could be acutely important to system stability [22]. Scavenging and the stability of food webs Through detrital infusion to pre ...
Resource use by re-introduced large African herbivores in an
... interactions between grass clipping, soil and grass nutrients, and herbivore use. The findings of this study identify three major trends in resource selection by both species. First, wildebeest selected short, protein-rich grass patches during all seasons when available while buffalo utilized these ...
... interactions between grass clipping, soil and grass nutrients, and herbivore use. The findings of this study identify three major trends in resource selection by both species. First, wildebeest selected short, protein-rich grass patches during all seasons when available while buffalo utilized these ...
mop4_31_ssap_black_tailed_godwit_0
... Germany, Poland and Russia (BirdLife International 2004, Hötker et al. 2007). In The Netherlands, which forms the stronghold of the European population, the population grew between 1920 and 1960 to reach a maximum of 125-135,000 breeding pairs (Mulder 1972). In the 1980s the population was estimated ...
... Germany, Poland and Russia (BirdLife International 2004, Hötker et al. 2007). In The Netherlands, which forms the stronghold of the European population, the population grew between 1920 and 1960 to reach a maximum of 125-135,000 breeding pairs (Mulder 1972). In the 1980s the population was estimated ...
Plant Patterning across the Swan Coastal Plain
... the southern Swan Coastal Plain in Gibson et al. (1994) and DEP (1996). The presence or absence of individual taxa in standard areas (plots) is used to define floristic groupings based on shared species. Gibson et al. 44 FCT’s, DEP 66 FCT’s (additional wetlands, Quindalup Dunes) Threatened ecologica ...
... the southern Swan Coastal Plain in Gibson et al. (1994) and DEP (1996). The presence or absence of individual taxa in standard areas (plots) is used to define floristic groupings based on shared species. Gibson et al. 44 FCT’s, DEP 66 FCT’s (additional wetlands, Quindalup Dunes) Threatened ecologica ...
Habitat associations of juvenile versus adult butterflyfishes
... settle into particular habitats and rarely move after settlement (Berumen et al. 2005). Butterflyfishes may exhibit one of three different settlement strategies: (1) larval fishes may preferentially settle in habitats or micro-habitats used by adult conspecifics; (2) larval butterflyfishes may settl ...
... settle into particular habitats and rarely move after settlement (Berumen et al. 2005). Butterflyfishes may exhibit one of three different settlement strategies: (1) larval fishes may preferentially settle in habitats or micro-habitats used by adult conspecifics; (2) larval butterflyfishes may settl ...
Appendix 5 - Tunbridge Wells Commons Conservators
... Five of the Commons ponds are considered to offer excellent or good potential for great crested newt (Table 3.1). However, crested newt have only been confirmed from two ponds. It must be remembered that crested newt will only occur in ponds if the ponds (regardless of their HSI score) are within co ...
... Five of the Commons ponds are considered to offer excellent or good potential for great crested newt (Table 3.1). However, crested newt have only been confirmed from two ponds. It must be remembered that crested newt will only occur in ponds if the ponds (regardless of their HSI score) are within co ...
Fulltext - ETH E
... Experiments that manipulated plant species richness in temperate grasslands have generally found that species richness increased plant productivity. It has often been suggested that this is due to complementary use of resources—such as nitrogen—by plant species. Complementarity, e.g., in space, chem ...
... Experiments that manipulated plant species richness in temperate grasslands have generally found that species richness increased plant productivity. It has often been suggested that this is due to complementary use of resources—such as nitrogen—by plant species. Complementarity, e.g., in space, chem ...
Effects of five southern California macroalgal diets on
... californica, or Chondracanthus corymbiferus, or an equal mixture of all four species (hereafter referred to as a mixed diet) with n = 7 urchins per diet type. Sea urchin containers assigned to each treatment were spread out randomly in space. Algae were added to the tanks during nine periods ranging ...
... californica, or Chondracanthus corymbiferus, or an equal mixture of all four species (hereafter referred to as a mixed diet) with n = 7 urchins per diet type. Sea urchin containers assigned to each treatment were spread out randomly in space. Algae were added to the tanks during nine periods ranging ...
Predictable evolution toward flightlessness in volant
... hindlimbs that were qualitatively similar to anatomical rearrangements observed in flightless birds. These findings suggest that island bird populations tend to evolve on a trajectory toward flightlessness, even if most remain volant. This pattern was consistent across nine families and four orders ...
... hindlimbs that were qualitatively similar to anatomical rearrangements observed in flightless birds. These findings suggest that island bird populations tend to evolve on a trajectory toward flightlessness, even if most remain volant. This pattern was consistent across nine families and four orders ...
Protecting aquatic organisms from chemicals
... environment in many countries (especially the developed ones) get there because STPs discharge large amounts of effluent into this environment. So, what do we know about what chemicals are present in this effluent, and at what concentrations? The answer appears to be ‘very little’ (Reemstsma et al. 20 ...
... environment in many countries (especially the developed ones) get there because STPs discharge large amounts of effluent into this environment. So, what do we know about what chemicals are present in this effluent, and at what concentrations? The answer appears to be ‘very little’ (Reemstsma et al. 20 ...
Mrs. Krausz`s Environmental Science: Chapter 5 Study Guide
... 26. On new islands formed by volcanic activity, you will most likely find ____________________ succession. 27. The first organisms to colonize any newly available area are known as _________________________. 28. When energy is passed from one trophic level to the next, only about __________________ ...
... 26. On new islands formed by volcanic activity, you will most likely find ____________________ succession. 27. The first organisms to colonize any newly available area are known as _________________________. 28. When energy is passed from one trophic level to the next, only about __________________ ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.