Dealing with uncertainty and risk: Use of multipliers and discount rates
... principle and serve to increase the basic size of an offset (as set by the underlying biodiversity currency and associated accounting system), thereby helping to account for concerns that the offset may not be sufficient to deliver a no net loss outcome. The BBOP (BBOP 2012a) describes at least thre ...
... principle and serve to increase the basic size of an offset (as set by the underlying biodiversity currency and associated accounting system), thereby helping to account for concerns that the offset may not be sufficient to deliver a no net loss outcome. The BBOP (BBOP 2012a) describes at least thre ...
Direct inhibition of leaf dark respiration by elevated CO is
... comparison, the direct inhibitory effect of CO2 concentration on leaf respiration in nine temperate deciduous tree species was small, averaging a 1.5% reduction in rate at 800 compared with 400 µmol mol−1 CO2 (Amthor, 2000). Other metabolic mechanisms await experimental testing (Drake et al., 1999). ...
... comparison, the direct inhibitory effect of CO2 concentration on leaf respiration in nine temperate deciduous tree species was small, averaging a 1.5% reduction in rate at 800 compared with 400 µmol mol−1 CO2 (Amthor, 2000). Other metabolic mechanisms await experimental testing (Drake et al., 1999). ...
Coqui frog invasions change invertebrate communities in Hawaii
... effects (effects of the coqui) including whether they were consistent or differed across sites. Thus, while we could have analyzed the data using site as a random effect instead of a fixed effect, we chose to use site as a fixed effect because it gave us more insight into coqui impacts (treatment ef ...
... effects (effects of the coqui) including whether they were consistent or differed across sites. Thus, while we could have analyzed the data using site as a random effect instead of a fixed effect, we chose to use site as a fixed effect because it gave us more insight into coqui impacts (treatment ef ...
Tecnociencia Articul.. - Sistema de Bibliotecas de la Universidad de
... photographs and scat collections provided several insights into ocelot behavior. This is the first time also that the use of an ocelot latrine by many different individuals has been confirmed by photographic data. Harvard latrine was used by both males and females, which suggests that latrines have ...
... photographs and scat collections provided several insights into ocelot behavior. This is the first time also that the use of an ocelot latrine by many different individuals has been confirmed by photographic data. Harvard latrine was used by both males and females, which suggests that latrines have ...
here - Arizona Important Bird Areas Program
... delta, is the last extensive naturally flood-regenerated riparian and wetlands habitat on the Lower Colorado River. This riparian zone is an area of year-around available water and riparian vegetation creating cooler, more humid conditions than the surrounding desert where rainfall averages only 3 i ...
... delta, is the last extensive naturally flood-regenerated riparian and wetlands habitat on the Lower Colorado River. This riparian zone is an area of year-around available water and riparian vegetation creating cooler, more humid conditions than the surrounding desert where rainfall averages only 3 i ...
Prairie Skink (Eumeces septentrionalis)
... may also allow easier nesting for females. A preliminary habitat association analysis indicates that Prairie Skinks in Manitoba are associated with shrub and grass communities but avoid deciduous and coniferous forests (J. Scott, pers. comm., 2003). With one exception, all observations of Prairie Sk ...
... may also allow easier nesting for females. A preliminary habitat association analysis indicates that Prairie Skinks in Manitoba are associated with shrub and grass communities but avoid deciduous and coniferous forests (J. Scott, pers. comm., 2003). With one exception, all observations of Prairie Sk ...
Linking Restoration and Ecological Succession (Springer
... 1. Succession and restoration are intrinsically linked because succession comprises species and substrate change over time and restoration is the purposeful manipulation of that change. 2. During succession both orderly and unpredictable patterns emerge but some general rules offer theoretical and p ...
... 1. Succession and restoration are intrinsically linked because succession comprises species and substrate change over time and restoration is the purposeful manipulation of that change. 2. During succession both orderly and unpredictable patterns emerge but some general rules offer theoretical and p ...
Ecological Impacts of Deer Overabundance.
... could exclude certain plants from the landscape (Watson 1983). Systematic studies of deer overabundance, however, did not occur until after the emergence of wildlife ecology, developed by Aldo Leopold. Based on his experiences with the dangers of deer overabundance, Leopold was the first to discuss ...
... could exclude certain plants from the landscape (Watson 1983). Systematic studies of deer overabundance, however, did not occur until after the emergence of wildlife ecology, developed by Aldo Leopold. Based on his experiences with the dangers of deer overabundance, Leopold was the first to discuss ...
Guidelines for Wildlife Management
... landowner to adjust the presence or absence of livestock as well as a grazing time and intensity level that is beneficial for both plant health and diversity. Grasses evolved with grazing pressure. Historically great herds of bison roamed the central part of the United States and stayed constantly ...
... landowner to adjust the presence or absence of livestock as well as a grazing time and intensity level that is beneficial for both plant health and diversity. Grasses evolved with grazing pressure. Historically great herds of bison roamed the central part of the United States and stayed constantly ...
beyond the ecological: biological invasions alter natural selection on
... were non-serpentine grasslands dominated by similar plant communities; however, naturally invaded and uninvaded populations could differ due to environmental differences that are correlated with invasion by Medicago. For example, invaded populations tended to be slightly wetter and less serpentine t ...
... were non-serpentine grasslands dominated by similar plant communities; however, naturally invaded and uninvaded populations could differ due to environmental differences that are correlated with invasion by Medicago. For example, invaded populations tended to be slightly wetter and less serpentine t ...
article - Aquatic Invasions
... oysters, with differing size characteristics, on artificial compared to natural substrates; and (4) that the abundance and size of all oysters would vary among locations along an environmental gradient. Environmental variables included distance from the estuary mouth and salinity. We found the abund ...
... oysters, with differing size characteristics, on artificial compared to natural substrates; and (4) that the abundance and size of all oysters would vary among locations along an environmental gradient. Environmental variables included distance from the estuary mouth and salinity. We found the abund ...
Cumbria Species and Habitats Statements
... Any development that would impact upon Barn Owls would require adequate protection and mitigation measures. ...
... Any development that would impact upon Barn Owls would require adequate protection and mitigation measures. ...
CONSUMPTIVE AND NONCONSUMPTIVE EFFECTS OF PREDATORS ON METACOMMUNITIES OF COMPETING PREY J
... Abstract. Although predators affect prey both via consumption and by changing prey migration behavior, the interplay between these two effects is rarely incorporated into spatial models of predator–prey dynamics and competition among prey. We develop a model where generalist predators have consumpti ...
... Abstract. Although predators affect prey both via consumption and by changing prey migration behavior, the interplay between these two effects is rarely incorporated into spatial models of predator–prey dynamics and competition among prey. We develop a model where generalist predators have consumpti ...
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2013. Draft Environmental Assessment: Wallups Island Post-Hurricane Sandy Shoreline Repair . Wallups Island, Virginia: Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallups Flight Facility, 84p.
... Proposed Action, NASA would fund the placement of up to approximately 800,000 cubic yards of sand dredged from an offshore sand shoal. Additionally, should funds permit, NASA would repair a portion of its rock seawall. The project would restore the shoreline to its condition prior to Hurricane Sandy ...
... Proposed Action, NASA would fund the placement of up to approximately 800,000 cubic yards of sand dredged from an offshore sand shoal. Additionally, should funds permit, NASA would repair a portion of its rock seawall. The project would restore the shoreline to its condition prior to Hurricane Sandy ...
Northern Goshawk Status Review
... 1) our understanding that the current Forest Service planning documents, and the data assembled to support them, began around 1988; 2) we wanted to understand the range of timber harvest pressure on the western forests over a time period which would be meaningful to the goshawk population (i.e. a sh ...
... 1) our understanding that the current Forest Service planning documents, and the data assembled to support them, began around 1988; 2) we wanted to understand the range of timber harvest pressure on the western forests over a time period which would be meaningful to the goshawk population (i.e. a sh ...
Offspring size in a resident species affects community assembly
... We found that Watersipora offspring size affected subsequent community assembly (see Results), and were interested in whether larger offspring produced colonies with traits that differed to colonies that came from smaller offspring. Specifically, we were interested in whether colonies from different ...
... We found that Watersipora offspring size affected subsequent community assembly (see Results), and were interested in whether larger offspring produced colonies with traits that differed to colonies that came from smaller offspring. Specifically, we were interested in whether colonies from different ...
How variation between individuals affects species coexistence
... of the demographic rates and interactions of individuals. Consequently, solving important problems in ecology requires understanding how processes operating at the level of individuals translate into population and community dynamics. Nonetheless, attempts to understand one of the central problems i ...
... of the demographic rates and interactions of individuals. Consequently, solving important problems in ecology requires understanding how processes operating at the level of individuals translate into population and community dynamics. Nonetheless, attempts to understand one of the central problems i ...
An introduction to the herpetofauna of Antigua, Barbuda - Eco
... Barbuda, 161 km2 ) and the uninhabited volcanic island of Redonda (approximately 1 km2 ). Antigua (fig. 1), at 17◦ 10 N, 61◦ 55 W, is geologically and biologically the most diverse of the three main islands, with flat and scrubby plains giving rise to gently rolling limestone hills in the north an ...
... Barbuda, 161 km2 ) and the uninhabited volcanic island of Redonda (approximately 1 km2 ). Antigua (fig. 1), at 17◦ 10 N, 61◦ 55 W, is geologically and biologically the most diverse of the three main islands, with flat and scrubby plains giving rise to gently rolling limestone hills in the north an ...
White sturgeon, Shovelnose sturgeon, American Paddlefish U.S.
... for the species as a whole. Species wide stock status, monitoring, and consistent management goals have not been established though the information exchange allows each representative state to understand the effects and trends across the range. The pressure continues to increase for sturgeon and pad ...
... for the species as a whole. Species wide stock status, monitoring, and consistent management goals have not been established though the information exchange allows each representative state to understand the effects and trends across the range. The pressure continues to increase for sturgeon and pad ...
Adaptive physiology of heteromyid rodents
... animals that were either two-legged bipeds (primates and birds) or four-legged quadrupeds (other mammals and lizards), and not ...
... animals that were either two-legged bipeds (primates and birds) or four-legged quadrupeds (other mammals and lizards), and not ...
Water Surface Area and Depth Determine
... area containers. In addition, we found that Ae. albopictus preferred containers with deeper water over containers with shallower water, regardless of the perceived color of the media. The surface area experiments used different manufacturers of clear plastic containers, which may offer an alternativ ...
... area containers. In addition, we found that Ae. albopictus preferred containers with deeper water over containers with shallower water, regardless of the perceived color of the media. The surface area experiments used different manufacturers of clear plastic containers, which may offer an alternativ ...
Theme 1. Protection of Natural Resources
... diversity reduced at an alarming rate due to the impact of our growing human population and increasing resource consumption rates. The global decline of biodiversity is now recognized as one of the most serious environmental issues facing humanity. Recognition of the worldwide impact of the decline ...
... diversity reduced at an alarming rate due to the impact of our growing human population and increasing resource consumption rates. The global decline of biodiversity is now recognized as one of the most serious environmental issues facing humanity. Recognition of the worldwide impact of the decline ...
Predator Control Plans - Colorado Parks and Wildlife
... habitat and climate factors are non-limiting. CPW’s proposal to focus predator control efforts on a relatively small summer range parturition area on the Roan Plateau (493 mi2; Figure 1 during May and June just prior to and during the fawn birthing period is consistent with this suggestion. CPW will ...
... habitat and climate factors are non-limiting. CPW’s proposal to focus predator control efforts on a relatively small summer range parturition area on the Roan Plateau (493 mi2; Figure 1 during May and June just prior to and during the fawn birthing period is consistent with this suggestion. CPW will ...
CBD Third National Report - Mauritius (English version)
... latest such deforestation took place in the 1970’s through to the early 1980’s when large areas of native vegetation were turned into forestry plantations (Cheke, 1987). These introductions have somehow deteriorated the landscape and greatly impoverished the habitat of the existing fauna. Very few n ...
... latest such deforestation took place in the 1970’s through to the early 1980’s when large areas of native vegetation were turned into forestry plantations (Cheke, 1987). These introductions have somehow deteriorated the landscape and greatly impoverished the habitat of the existing fauna. Very few n ...
patterns of natural selection on size at metamorphosis in water frogs
... relationship between size at metamorphosis and survival/ growth during three periods of postmetamorphic life; second, to examine whether this relationship depended on the time of the season; third, to find potential effects of the larval growth conditions on postmetamorphic life not accounted for by ...
... relationship between size at metamorphosis and survival/ growth during three periods of postmetamorphic life; second, to examine whether this relationship depended on the time of the season; third, to find potential effects of the larval growth conditions on postmetamorphic life not accounted for by ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.