The role of plant species in biomass production and response to
... false positive results, a more stringent than usual test of significance was used (P ‡ 0.01). For the remaining significant main effects (P < 0.01), another model was constructed that included all significant main effects and all potential pairwise interactions among the significant main effects. No ...
... false positive results, a more stringent than usual test of significance was used (P ‡ 0.01). For the remaining significant main effects (P < 0.01), another model was constructed that included all significant main effects and all potential pairwise interactions among the significant main effects. No ...
Rethinking patch size and isolation effects: the habitat amount
... SLOSS authors, and shown theoretically by Tjørve (2010), it seems likely that at least part of the reason for higher species richness in several small than in one large patch is that several small patches are spread over a larger extent (Fig. 5), so they intersect the distributions of more species. ...
... SLOSS authors, and shown theoretically by Tjørve (2010), it seems likely that at least part of the reason for higher species richness in several small than in one large patch is that several small patches are spread over a larger extent (Fig. 5), so they intersect the distributions of more species. ...
USE OF SPATIAL FEATURES BY FORAGING INSECTIVOROUS
... Standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients and correlation coefficients showed that lowest frequency and frequency with the most energy largely determined function I, whereas duration was strongly correlated with function 2. These results provided a high level of confidence for visual ...
... Standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients and correlation coefficients showed that lowest frequency and frequency with the most energy largely determined function I, whereas duration was strongly correlated with function 2. These results provided a high level of confidence for visual ...
Ecological Restoration - UW Courses Web Server
... Island Biogeography – restoration implications Condition of the surrounding matrix is important • Influences how aggressive the restoration approach is ...
... Island Biogeography – restoration implications Condition of the surrounding matrix is important • Influences how aggressive the restoration approach is ...
Climate change and species interactions: ways forward
... expert assessment of ways forward. The questionnaire included a thought experiment where the respondent was asked how best to predict changes in the distribution or abundance for their focal study organism by the end of this century. Focal organisms included insects, plants, herptiles, aquatic inver ...
... expert assessment of ways forward. The questionnaire included a thought experiment where the respondent was asked how best to predict changes in the distribution or abundance for their focal study organism by the end of this century. Focal organisms included insects, plants, herptiles, aquatic inver ...
Modeling the potential area of occupancy at fine resolution may
... used for estimating species ranges such as EOO (Sérgio et al., 2007; Brito et al., 2009) and AOO (Good et al., 2006; Boitani et al., 2008) according to the total number of grid cells where a given species is known. However, these estimates are commonly built at coarse grain resolution (here referred ...
... used for estimating species ranges such as EOO (Sérgio et al., 2007; Brito et al., 2009) and AOO (Good et al., 2006; Boitani et al., 2008) according to the total number of grid cells where a given species is known. However, these estimates are commonly built at coarse grain resolution (here referred ...
Marine monitoring in Plymouth
... • Reliant on other data to inform our assessment of condition particularly ...
... • Reliant on other data to inform our assessment of condition particularly ...
as a PDF
... Plant-pollinator interactions in tropical lowland rain forests (TLRF) offer unique opportunities to address several problems of current evolutionary and ecological interest. First, conspecifics of many tree species are spatially isolated and self-incompatible or dioecious (1 1, 16, 24, 36, 61). Thus ...
... Plant-pollinator interactions in tropical lowland rain forests (TLRF) offer unique opportunities to address several problems of current evolutionary and ecological interest. First, conspecifics of many tree species are spatially isolated and self-incompatible or dioecious (1 1, 16, 24, 36, 61). Thus ...
studystuffs
... from data from field studies. How could the number of links in trophic systems determine community structure. Use real examples/data. How does assimilation efficiency influence trophic pyramids? How does it affect predator dynamics in the Lotka-Volterra model? Differentiate between microparasites an ...
... from data from field studies. How could the number of links in trophic systems determine community structure. Use real examples/data. How does assimilation efficiency influence trophic pyramids? How does it affect predator dynamics in the Lotka-Volterra model? Differentiate between microparasites an ...
Fig. 3 - ePrints Soton - University of Southampton
... repercussions for ecosystem functioning such changes have received little attention. Here, we experimentally assess how the rearrangement of species dominance structure within specific levels of evenness, rather than changes in species richness and composition, affect invertebrate particle reworking ...
... repercussions for ecosystem functioning such changes have received little attention. Here, we experimentally assess how the rearrangement of species dominance structure within specific levels of evenness, rather than changes in species richness and composition, affect invertebrate particle reworking ...
8th Grade Chapter 18 Interactions Within Ecosystems
... • Human actions contribute to loss of habitat for plants and wildlife, pollution, and climate change. • People can educate themselves about environmental issues; conserve resources by restoring, rethinking, and reducing resource use; reusing instead of replacing; and recycling. ...
... • Human actions contribute to loss of habitat for plants and wildlife, pollution, and climate change. • People can educate themselves about environmental issues; conserve resources by restoring, rethinking, and reducing resource use; reusing instead of replacing; and recycling. ...
The Boreal biogeographical region
... decomposed dead organic matter in litter and peat. The vertical structure of mature boreal forests is generally simple, with a well-defined tree layer and a rather poorly developed shrub layer. The nutrient availability for the vegetation tends to be rather limited. The field layer is dominated by e ...
... decomposed dead organic matter in litter and peat. The vertical structure of mature boreal forests is generally simple, with a well-defined tree layer and a rather poorly developed shrub layer. The nutrient availability for the vegetation tends to be rather limited. The field layer is dominated by e ...
Top-down and bottom-up control of large herbivore populations: a
... may vary spatially and temporally [5, 6]. Moreover, human activities can potentially affect both topdown and bottom-up processes in terrestrial ecosystems. Humans are a keystone species that alters terrestrial ecosystem structure and composition through actions such as setting fires and livestock gr ...
... may vary spatially and temporally [5, 6]. Moreover, human activities can potentially affect both topdown and bottom-up processes in terrestrial ecosystems. Humans are a keystone species that alters terrestrial ecosystem structure and composition through actions such as setting fires and livestock gr ...
TerrestrialBiomes
... the Blacklands and many other Texas ecosystems, overstocking and thus overgrazing by domesticated animals has also caused a dramatic decline and even near elimination of numerous plants from many areas (Cory 1949). The cumulative effect of all these human-induced changes is that the Blackland Prairi ...
... the Blacklands and many other Texas ecosystems, overstocking and thus overgrazing by domesticated animals has also caused a dramatic decline and even near elimination of numerous plants from many areas (Cory 1949). The cumulative effect of all these human-induced changes is that the Blackland Prairi ...
Genetic analysis of aspen (Populus tremula L. and Populus
... to withstand and adapt to biotic and abiotic environmental changes (Jump et al. 2009). Species diversity is the variety and abundance of different types of organisms that inhabit a region, which is one of key components of biodiversity. Both species diversity and genetic diversity are connected and ...
... to withstand and adapt to biotic and abiotic environmental changes (Jump et al. 2009). Species diversity is the variety and abundance of different types of organisms that inhabit a region, which is one of key components of biodiversity. Both species diversity and genetic diversity are connected and ...
Curiosity killed the bird: arbitrary hunting of Harpy Eagles Harpia
... On the other hand, Harpy Eagles play an important role in the forest ecosystems they inhabit, by regulating the populations of mesopredators such as capuchins Cebus spp., which otherwise may contribute to cascade effects and accelerate local extinctions of disturbance-sensitive species11. Thus, remo ...
... On the other hand, Harpy Eagles play an important role in the forest ecosystems they inhabit, by regulating the populations of mesopredators such as capuchins Cebus spp., which otherwise may contribute to cascade effects and accelerate local extinctions of disturbance-sensitive species11. Thus, remo ...
Composition, Function, and Structure of Old-Growth Douglas
... (89 cm or 35 in) of measurable precipitation per year (Harr 1982). This discovery came after clearcutting of some experimental watersheds reduced, rather than increased, water yields. Because old-growth forests typically have deep, multilayered canopies and comparatively high leaf areas, we can expe ...
... (89 cm or 35 in) of measurable precipitation per year (Harr 1982). This discovery came after clearcutting of some experimental watersheds reduced, rather than increased, water yields. Because old-growth forests typically have deep, multilayered canopies and comparatively high leaf areas, we can expe ...
Policy Brief - Worldwatch Institute
... to agricultural land, much of which is done illegally. In Indonesia, approximately 12 million hectares of tropical forest are supposedly protected, but illegal logging, agricultural encroachment, and poaching continue to destroy forests. From an ethical perspective, it is not right for humans to dec ...
... to agricultural land, much of which is done illegally. In Indonesia, approximately 12 million hectares of tropical forest are supposedly protected, but illegal logging, agricultural encroachment, and poaching continue to destroy forests. From an ethical perspective, it is not right for humans to dec ...
Biodiversity of Original Habitat and Mitigation Lands
... operations. Idaho Power is required to file quantitative information on habitat conditions to regulatory agencies and has met obligations as set forth in the issued license orders. Relatively small acreages of protected lands are managed at the middle Snake River reach (4,837 acres) compared to land ...
... operations. Idaho Power is required to file quantitative information on habitat conditions to regulatory agencies and has met obligations as set forth in the issued license orders. Relatively small acreages of protected lands are managed at the middle Snake River reach (4,837 acres) compared to land ...
The Great Lakes have a connected water area of 95,170 square
... throughout the State. Living accommodations may be obtained either in Juneau or in the smaller communities of Douglas or Auke Bay. Reservations for housing should be made well in advance of the proposed field season. Often arrangements can be made through the laboratory staff to rent from resident b ...
... throughout the State. Living accommodations may be obtained either in Juneau or in the smaller communities of Douglas or Auke Bay. Reservations for housing should be made well in advance of the proposed field season. Often arrangements can be made through the laboratory staff to rent from resident b ...
How do ecologists select and use indicator species
... density, age/size structure, reproduction rate and growth rate) are easy to measure and thought to be sensitive to environmental changes (e.g. drought), monitoring single population dynamics is considered to be a relatively cost-effective and reliable way to detect ecosystem change (Spellerberg, 200 ...
... density, age/size structure, reproduction rate and growth rate) are easy to measure and thought to be sensitive to environmental changes (e.g. drought), monitoring single population dynamics is considered to be a relatively cost-effective and reliable way to detect ecosystem change (Spellerberg, 200 ...
Biological Resources Assessment of the Proposed
... All vegetation, land uses, and habitat types were noted, mapped, and evaluated. All irrigation channels, fence rows, and other physical and topographic features were inspected and evaluated. Binoculars and spotting scope were used to identify wildlife occurrences. Representative photographs were tak ...
... All vegetation, land uses, and habitat types were noted, mapped, and evaluated. All irrigation channels, fence rows, and other physical and topographic features were inspected and evaluated. Binoculars and spotting scope were used to identify wildlife occurrences. Representative photographs were tak ...
Download title pages, acknowledgements, abstract, table of contents, list of tables and list of figures
... Introduced rats (Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, and R. exulans) and/or mice (Mus musculus) occur on more than 80% of the world‘s island groups, where they pose great threats to native species. Understanding the interactions between these introduced rodents and the environments which they have invaded ...
... Introduced rats (Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, and R. exulans) and/or mice (Mus musculus) occur on more than 80% of the world‘s island groups, where they pose great threats to native species. Understanding the interactions between these introduced rodents and the environments which they have invaded ...
Wooded habitat edges as refugia from microtine herbivory in
... Meadow voles, Microtus pennsyl6anicus, affect the species composition, distribution, and succession of plants in grassland ecosystems, but the effects of voles on herbaceous plants when grasslands are bordered by wooded edges is not known. We investigated the impact of wooded edges on vole distribut ...
... Meadow voles, Microtus pennsyl6anicus, affect the species composition, distribution, and succession of plants in grassland ecosystems, but the effects of voles on herbaceous plants when grasslands are bordered by wooded edges is not known. We investigated the impact of wooded edges on vole distribut ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.