Chapter 10 - Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems CHAPTER
... abiotic and biotic, to which a species is adapted. It includes both the environment where a species is found – its habitat – and the role of the species in relation to other species – what it does and how it lives. The functional role of species is perhaps most obvious in animals, where different sp ...
... abiotic and biotic, to which a species is adapted. It includes both the environment where a species is found – its habitat – and the role of the species in relation to other species – what it does and how it lives. The functional role of species is perhaps most obvious in animals, where different sp ...
HUMAN FACTORS PHYSICAL FACTORS CASE STUDY
... Both physical and human factors influence biodiversity. On a global scale, climatic and soil fertility influences affect levels of biodiversity, although often human factors influence biodiversity at a local scale and increasingly globally. Biomes and large scale ecosystems such as coral reefs are i ...
... Both physical and human factors influence biodiversity. On a global scale, climatic and soil fertility influences affect levels of biodiversity, although often human factors influence biodiversity at a local scale and increasingly globally. Biomes and large scale ecosystems such as coral reefs are i ...
Natural regeneration Principles and Practice
... some species are no longer present at the site, due to bad seasons, or because both sexes are no longer present in plants with separate males and females (e.g. She-oaks Casuarina). Management options: In some instances seed may not be available at the site immediately but may be carried in from near ...
... some species are no longer present at the site, due to bad seasons, or because both sexes are no longer present in plants with separate males and females (e.g. She-oaks Casuarina). Management options: In some instances seed may not be available at the site immediately but may be carried in from near ...
4e - scientific protocol
... necroscopic observations are done on preys). Those data are useful in the understanding of carnivore strategies and habitat use. ...
... necroscopic observations are done on preys). Those data are useful in the understanding of carnivore strategies and habitat use. ...
Ecology - Zanichelli online
... A population is a group of individuals of the same species living in a habitat for a relatively long period. Populations can be described using the following aspects: • the size – the number of individuals in the population; • the density – the number of individuals per unit area; • the distribution ...
... A population is a group of individuals of the same species living in a habitat for a relatively long period. Populations can be described using the following aspects: • the size – the number of individuals in the population; • the density – the number of individuals per unit area; • the distribution ...
What and where is the Central Hardwood Forest region
... a distinct boundary at least for most of the major forested regions. Conversely, the transition zone is likely to be narrow (5 to 10 miles) when it results from an abrupt boundary that occurs where two contrasting physiographic provinces are in juxtaposition. Changes in geology (bedrock and surface ...
... a distinct boundary at least for most of the major forested regions. Conversely, the transition zone is likely to be narrow (5 to 10 miles) when it results from an abrupt boundary that occurs where two contrasting physiographic provinces are in juxtaposition. Changes in geology (bedrock and surface ...
Tilman et al. Science 2001
... about 9 to 13 species and their greater chance of co-occurrence at higher diversity (19), whereas such effects among about four species seem to account for total biomass responses. The demonstration that diversity effects strengthened through time and were not the result solely of sampling effects o ...
... about 9 to 13 species and their greater chance of co-occurrence at higher diversity (19), whereas such effects among about four species seem to account for total biomass responses. The demonstration that diversity effects strengthened through time and were not the result solely of sampling effects o ...
Characteristics of Mount Graham Red Squirrel Nest Sites
... characteristics of red squirrel habitat associated with middens and nest tree characteristics (Spicer et al. 1985, Froehlich and Smith 1990, Mannan and Smith 1991, Smith and Mannan 1994, Young et al. 2002) but none have focused specifically on nest site habitat characteristics associated with both t ...
... characteristics of red squirrel habitat associated with middens and nest tree characteristics (Spicer et al. 1985, Froehlich and Smith 1990, Mannan and Smith 1991, Smith and Mannan 1994, Young et al. 2002) but none have focused specifically on nest site habitat characteristics associated with both t ...
June 2015 Mark Scheme 21
... Examples of countries at different levels of economic development are provided to compare the USA with Brazil, India and China. Answers need to demonstrate an understanding of how lifestyle, economic development and population growth can increase the demand for resources to an unsustainable level. T ...
... Examples of countries at different levels of economic development are provided to compare the USA with Brazil, India and China. Answers need to demonstrate an understanding of how lifestyle, economic development and population growth can increase the demand for resources to an unsustainable level. T ...
Habitat Restoration Planning on Former Crop Lands in the Carrizo
... were farmed for longer and could have therefore been more subject to shrub eradication. – The lack of shrubs in the lower slope classes may be a result of past land use rather than unsuitability for shrubs. – More areas of the mitigation lands may be able to support shrubs than just the areas for wh ...
... were farmed for longer and could have therefore been more subject to shrub eradication. – The lack of shrubs in the lower slope classes may be a result of past land use rather than unsuitability for shrubs. – More areas of the mitigation lands may be able to support shrubs than just the areas for wh ...
Consequences of low mobility in spatially and temporally
... Each model run proceeds for 100 time-steps, equivalent to 1000 years. In static landscapes, 100 steps curtailed the migration process in some cases (see below). In dynamic landscapes, however, replicated trial runs always showed species frequency stabilizing well before 100 time-steps, demonstrating ...
... Each model run proceeds for 100 time-steps, equivalent to 1000 years. In static landscapes, 100 steps curtailed the migration process in some cases (see below). In dynamic landscapes, however, replicated trial runs always showed species frequency stabilizing well before 100 time-steps, demonstrating ...
Brief - nerc-bess
... function, but with different responses to environmental changes, then the dominant species performing a particular function could switch. This is often described as the ‘insurance effect’ provided by biodiversity. Ellen Fry and colleagues found that having plant species with varying traits increases ...
... function, but with different responses to environmental changes, then the dominant species performing a particular function could switch. This is often described as the ‘insurance effect’ provided by biodiversity. Ellen Fry and colleagues found that having plant species with varying traits increases ...
A research project from The National Center for Agricultural Law... the University of Arkansas •
... forthcoming series—is about the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches to the conservation of biodiversity in the developed world–or at least in a significant part of it–from the perspective of law and policy. By contrasting efforts in Great Britain and the United States to deal with biodiv ...
... forthcoming series—is about the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches to the conservation of biodiversity in the developed world–or at least in a significant part of it–from the perspective of law and policy. By contrasting efforts in Great Britain and the United States to deal with biodiv ...
A novel soil manganese mechanism drives plant species loss with
... associated declines in overall species richness. Reduced abundance of forbs was linked to soil acidification that increased mobilization of soil Mn, with a 10-fold greater accumulation of Mn in forbs than in grasses. The enhanced accumulation of Mn in forbs was correlated with reduced photosynthetic ...
... associated declines in overall species richness. Reduced abundance of forbs was linked to soil acidification that increased mobilization of soil Mn, with a 10-fold greater accumulation of Mn in forbs than in grasses. The enhanced accumulation of Mn in forbs was correlated with reduced photosynthetic ...
NATURAL HISTORY AND CONSERVATION OF THE EYELASH
... Site description.-This study was conducted on the Soropta Peninsula, Bocas del Toro, Panamá during 15 July - 28 August 1999, 6 July - 23 August 2000, 9 June - 2 July 2001, 5 May - 14 June 2002, 21 June - 12 August 2003, 22 June - 14 August 2004, and 25 March - 12 May 2005. I worked in primary forest ...
... Site description.-This study was conducted on the Soropta Peninsula, Bocas del Toro, Panamá during 15 July - 28 August 1999, 6 July - 23 August 2000, 9 June - 2 July 2001, 5 May - 14 June 2002, 21 June - 12 August 2003, 22 June - 14 August 2004, and 25 March - 12 May 2005. I worked in primary forest ...
Evolution in ecological field experiments: implications for effect size
... during a 6-year interval the mean annual ambient leaf damage levels from herbivores on Raphanus sativus in the field differed significantly among years and ranged from 9.6 to 17.9% (Strauss, unpubl. data); thus, herbivore removal treatments in the field likely had greater selective effects in some y ...
... during a 6-year interval the mean annual ambient leaf damage levels from herbivores on Raphanus sativus in the field differed significantly among years and ranged from 9.6 to 17.9% (Strauss, unpubl. data); thus, herbivore removal treatments in the field likely had greater selective effects in some y ...
Community Ecology in a Restoration Context
... – Typically, few species are abundant and most are rare ...
... – Typically, few species are abundant and most are rare ...
In this Issue The Wildlife Corridor Navy is Enlisted in
... Speciesrichness. Few studies have examined whether corridors increase species number in the manner predicted by theory. MacClintock (1977) found high avifauna species richness in a 35 acre fragment connected by acorridor to a larger forest patch (fragment species composition similar to extensive are ...
... Speciesrichness. Few studies have examined whether corridors increase species number in the manner predicted by theory. MacClintock (1977) found high avifauna species richness in a 35 acre fragment connected by acorridor to a larger forest patch (fragment species composition similar to extensive are ...
habitat in agricultural landscapes: how much is enough?
... communities whose numbers are stable or increasing. There are many factors accounting for biodiversity loss beyond the destruction of habitat. Minimum habitat areas for species may vary depending on region and landscape context. For most species, little is known about the minimum individual and popu ...
... communities whose numbers are stable or increasing. There are many factors accounting for biodiversity loss beyond the destruction of habitat. Minimum habitat areas for species may vary depending on region and landscape context. For most species, little is known about the minimum individual and popu ...
Perspectives in restoration of biodiversity and ecosystem services in
... Agricultural frontier is expanding in most of the world ...
... Agricultural frontier is expanding in most of the world ...
Elephants versus butterflies: the ecological role of large herbivores
... Our primary focus is on lowland tropical rain forest; for our purposes, the maps in Whitmore (1998) depict the areas where these occur. Rain forest landscapes include a variety of vegetation formations of smaller extent, including heath forests, isolated savannas, etc.; however, our analysis will no ...
... Our primary focus is on lowland tropical rain forest; for our purposes, the maps in Whitmore (1998) depict the areas where these occur. Rain forest landscapes include a variety of vegetation formations of smaller extent, including heath forests, isolated savannas, etc.; however, our analysis will no ...
Ecological and evolutionary implications of food subsidies
... space (e.g. fronts, eddies, fresh water inputs, island effects). This high spatio-temporal predictability influences the foraging activity and searching process (i.e. optimal diffusivity) of opportunistic scavenging seabirds (Bartumeus et al. 2010). Trawling moratoria in the western Mediterranean ha ...
... space (e.g. fronts, eddies, fresh water inputs, island effects). This high spatio-temporal predictability influences the foraging activity and searching process (i.e. optimal diffusivity) of opportunistic scavenging seabirds (Bartumeus et al. 2010). Trawling moratoria in the western Mediterranean ha ...
Ecological and evolutionary implications of food subsidies from
... space (e.g. fronts, eddies, fresh water inputs, island effects). This high spatio-temporal predictability influences the foraging activity and searching process (i.e. optimal diffusivity) of opportunistic scavenging seabirds (Bartumeus et al. 2010). Trawling moratoria in the western Mediterranean ha ...
... space (e.g. fronts, eddies, fresh water inputs, island effects). This high spatio-temporal predictability influences the foraging activity and searching process (i.e. optimal diffusivity) of opportunistic scavenging seabirds (Bartumeus et al. 2010). Trawling moratoria in the western Mediterranean ha ...
LAND BIRD DENSITIES ON BAJA CALIFORNIA ISLANDS
... species(Crowell 1962, MacArthur et al. 1972) is based on three assumptions:a) that the communities are resource regulated, b) that the niche space available is essentially filled to capacity in each case, and c) that the supply of resourcesis similar on the islandsand mainland. A prediction of this ...
... species(Crowell 1962, MacArthur et al. 1972) is based on three assumptions:a) that the communities are resource regulated, b) that the niche space available is essentially filled to capacity in each case, and c) that the supply of resourcesis similar on the islandsand mainland. A prediction of this ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.