Biotic Interactions, Structure, and Long
... one system, often even the sign of interaction depends on age of an organism (FloresMartinez et al. 1994; Callaway and Walker 1997). All those processes superimpose producing the complex pattern of small-scale variability. There is growing theoretical (Wootton 2001) and field (see Thrush et al. 1997 ...
... one system, often even the sign of interaction depends on age of an organism (FloresMartinez et al. 1994; Callaway and Walker 1997). All those processes superimpose producing the complex pattern of small-scale variability. There is growing theoretical (Wootton 2001) and field (see Thrush et al. 1997 ...
Page numbers can be shown as a footer They are usually of
... replicate standardised dung pads, leading Sowig and Wassmer (1994) to comment that, "A common method in experimental dung beetle ecology is to exclude the influence of patch size..." However, under natural conditions, pad quality, size and morphology can be observed to vary considerably. Dung pad si ...
... replicate standardised dung pads, leading Sowig and Wassmer (1994) to comment that, "A common method in experimental dung beetle ecology is to exclude the influence of patch size..." However, under natural conditions, pad quality, size and morphology can be observed to vary considerably. Dung pad si ...
WILD226756-JuneNewsletter REV - Australian Wildlife Conservancy
... Gouldian Finches. Its large area and relatively large population of Gouldians therefore presents an opportunity to examine the ecological processes that have caused their decline, or that are hindering population recovery. These processes are most likely related to fire ...
... Gouldian Finches. Its large area and relatively large population of Gouldians therefore presents an opportunity to examine the ecological processes that have caused their decline, or that are hindering population recovery. These processes are most likely related to fire ...
Cadotte2007 Ecology
... patterns within an individual patch; or as changes in average richness in multiple patches across a gradient of disturbance frequency. Here I examined changes in average richness, but also examined disturbance effects on regional coexistence and compositional changes in the form of beta richness. In ...
... patterns within an individual patch; or as changes in average richness in multiple patches across a gradient of disturbance frequency. Here I examined changes in average richness, but also examined disturbance effects on regional coexistence and compositional changes in the form of beta richness. In ...
alumni garry oak meadow restoration project
... found in the rain shadow of Vancouver Island (GOERT 2007). It is exclusively found at low elevations, most often on dry, rocky slopes or bluffs, and sometimes on deep, rich, well-drained soil (Pojar and Mackinnon, 1994). Garry oak ecosystems range from shady woodlands to open meadows, and in mixed s ...
... found in the rain shadow of Vancouver Island (GOERT 2007). It is exclusively found at low elevations, most often on dry, rocky slopes or bluffs, and sometimes on deep, rich, well-drained soil (Pojar and Mackinnon, 1994). Garry oak ecosystems range from shady woodlands to open meadows, and in mixed s ...
resources from another place and time: responses to pulses in a
... rain. Winter rains that reach a minimum threshold trigger strong plant-based responses while rains associated with summer thunderstorms produce little or no response, probably due to the summer dormancy of most plants and the high evaporation rate of summer precipitation (Polis et al. 1997b). As a r ...
... rain. Winter rains that reach a minimum threshold trigger strong plant-based responses while rains associated with summer thunderstorms produce little or no response, probably due to the summer dormancy of most plants and the high evaporation rate of summer precipitation (Polis et al. 1997b). As a r ...
amphibian contributions to ecosystem services
... Duellman and Trueb 1994; Petranka 1998; Lannoo 2005), which can be important pollinators for many plants including some agricultural crops (reviewed in Abrol 2012). Although rare among amphibians, some frogs are also known to consume fruit and disperse the seeds. For example, the treefrog, Xenohyla ...
... Duellman and Trueb 1994; Petranka 1998; Lannoo 2005), which can be important pollinators for many plants including some agricultural crops (reviewed in Abrol 2012). Although rare among amphibians, some frogs are also known to consume fruit and disperse the seeds. For example, the treefrog, Xenohyla ...
A View of Life
... populations interacting with one another within the same environment. – Composition is a listing of various species in the community. – Diversity includes both species richness and species diversity. ...
... populations interacting with one another within the same environment. – Composition is a listing of various species in the community. – Diversity includes both species richness and species diversity. ...
western Mexico - Cat Specialist Group
... Jaguar records were recorded in 26 sites, in 18 out of the 22 municipalities of the state. Most records (65%) were obtained in areas with semi-evergreen forest and tropical deciduous forest, followed by mangroves (25%, in Marismas Nacionales), and the remaining 10% were obtained in oak forests. This ...
... Jaguar records were recorded in 26 sites, in 18 out of the 22 municipalities of the state. Most records (65%) were obtained in areas with semi-evergreen forest and tropical deciduous forest, followed by mangroves (25%, in Marismas Nacionales), and the remaining 10% were obtained in oak forests. This ...
Environmental and spatial drivers of taxonomic, functional
... abilities (Patterson, Willig & Stevens, 2003). Moreover, bats provide important ecological functions, such as seed dispersal, pollination, and regulation of insect populations (Kunz et al., 2011). Due to their diversity and ecological importance in many tropical ecosystems, bats may be keystone taxa ...
... abilities (Patterson, Willig & Stevens, 2003). Moreover, bats provide important ecological functions, such as seed dispersal, pollination, and regulation of insect populations (Kunz et al., 2011). Due to their diversity and ecological importance in many tropical ecosystems, bats may be keystone taxa ...
Chapter 12 Natural Environment The State of Our Biodiversity
... valuable information for this chapter. Major sources of information were the Waitakere ...
... valuable information for this chapter. Major sources of information were the Waitakere ...
By: David R.W. Bruinsma A Thesis
... by focal species of tall-grass prairie study sites used to evaluate responses of grassland songbird abundance and richness to habitat structure at multiple spatial scales and artificial conspecific location cues in southern Manitoba, 2010-2011.......... 26 Table 3. Daubenmire cover classes, ranges o ...
... by focal species of tall-grass prairie study sites used to evaluate responses of grassland songbird abundance and richness to habitat structure at multiple spatial scales and artificial conspecific location cues in southern Manitoba, 2010-2011.......... 26 Table 3. Daubenmire cover classes, ranges o ...
Predicting the Long-Term Effects of Hunting on Plant Species
... seedling communities. What are the consequences of these changes for the adult plant community in the next generation and beyond? Here, I derive equations showing how reduced seed dispersal reduces plant reproduction by intensifying kin competition, increasing vulnerability to natural enemies, and r ...
... seedling communities. What are the consequences of these changes for the adult plant community in the next generation and beyond? Here, I derive equations showing how reduced seed dispersal reduces plant reproduction by intensifying kin competition, increasing vulnerability to natural enemies, and r ...
Effects of Tree Species Diversity on Foliar Fungal Distribution
... species diversity on forest ecosystem functions (Verheyen et al., 2015; Scherer-Lorenzen et al., 2007; Scherer-Lorenzen et al., 2005). In these experiments, complexity was increased beyond two-species assemblages and parameters other than the traditionally studied plant productivity and growth (Pret ...
... species diversity on forest ecosystem functions (Verheyen et al., 2015; Scherer-Lorenzen et al., 2007; Scherer-Lorenzen et al., 2005). In these experiments, complexity was increased beyond two-species assemblages and parameters other than the traditionally studied plant productivity and growth (Pret ...
View as PDF - Montana State University
... strong empirical support that species’ responses to the experimental manipulations conform to our expectations about resource and consumer limitation (17–19). For example, competitive ability of 27 grassland species was negatively correlated with their increase in abundance along a fertilization gra ...
... strong empirical support that species’ responses to the experimental manipulations conform to our expectations about resource and consumer limitation (17–19). For example, competitive ability of 27 grassland species was negatively correlated with their increase in abundance along a fertilization gra ...
conclusions from phytoplankton surveys
... 1991) questions the self-sustainability of the final state, consequently, the existence of a true climax in terrestrial plant communities. This statement is very important from the point of view of making connections between terrestrial and planktonic successions since it was a dogma that planktonic ...
... 1991) questions the self-sustainability of the final state, consequently, the existence of a true climax in terrestrial plant communities. This statement is very important from the point of view of making connections between terrestrial and planktonic successions since it was a dogma that planktonic ...
Trade-offs in community ecology: linking spatial scales and species
... A wide variety of limiting factors, and trade-offs among them, have been discussed as prerequisites for coexistence at local spatial scales (Fig. 1). Some of the most common, and potentially important, trade-offs among species include differential utilization of resources (i.e. different nutrients o ...
... A wide variety of limiting factors, and trade-offs among them, have been discussed as prerequisites for coexistence at local spatial scales (Fig. 1). Some of the most common, and potentially important, trade-offs among species include differential utilization of resources (i.e. different nutrients o ...
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality
... diversity, would be its main biotic driver. In contrast with this argument, less locally abundant (hereafter rare) species have been shown to play a crucial role in affecting several ecosystem functions [9–11]. Rare species comprise the vast majority of the species in any natural community and are m ...
... diversity, would be its main biotic driver. In contrast with this argument, less locally abundant (hereafter rare) species have been shown to play a crucial role in affecting several ecosystem functions [9–11]. Rare species comprise the vast majority of the species in any natural community and are m ...
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem
... diversity, would be its main biotic driver. In contrast with this argument, less locally abundant (hereafter rare) species have been shown to play a crucial role in affecting several ecosystem functions [9–11]. Rare species comprise the vast majority of the species in any natural community and are m ...
... diversity, would be its main biotic driver. In contrast with this argument, less locally abundant (hereafter rare) species have been shown to play a crucial role in affecting several ecosystem functions [9–11]. Rare species comprise the vast majority of the species in any natural community and are m ...
Fine-scale community and genetic structure are tightly linked in
... change in species evenness (diversity). In order to determine whether this mechanism underpinned the greater levels of species diversity observed in genetically diverse communities, Whitlock et al. [37] tracked the performance of individual genotypes of six species in these communities directly, usi ...
... change in species evenness (diversity). In order to determine whether this mechanism underpinned the greater levels of species diversity observed in genetically diverse communities, Whitlock et al. [37] tracked the performance of individual genotypes of six species in these communities directly, usi ...
Defined technical protocol for test of side effects on
... positive control of M. brunneum and against the pure formulant or a negative control of water. If no sideeffects on any of the arthropods are observed at this stage on longevity, mortality and fungal infestation, no further testing is required. For those formulations where a negative side-effect is ...
... positive control of M. brunneum and against the pure formulant or a negative control of water. If no sideeffects on any of the arthropods are observed at this stage on longevity, mortality and fungal infestation, no further testing is required. For those formulations where a negative side-effect is ...
Seasonal species interactions minimize the impact of species
... Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, Krakow, 31-120, Poland ...
... Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, Krakow, 31-120, Poland ...
Feral cats and the fitoaty: first population assessment of the black
... Kelly 2011; Farris et al. 2012, 2014, 2015b) and provide the first photographic data of the presence of feral cats and the recently described fitoaty across this region, including photographic captures that allow for ecological and morphological comparison of both cats across eastern rainforest habi ...
... Kelly 2011; Farris et al. 2012, 2014, 2015b) and provide the first photographic data of the presence of feral cats and the recently described fitoaty across this region, including photographic captures that allow for ecological and morphological comparison of both cats across eastern rainforest habi ...
46-52. Full article - Entomologica Fennica
... ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 14 • Leaf-spinning moths on Vaccinium uliginosum doptera is clearly structured along the ecological mesoclimatic gradient of bogs (Table 1, minimum and maximum temperature data from Mrtvy luh). The most stenotopic tyrphobiontic and tyrphophilous species of moths (A. pruinosell ...
... ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 14 • Leaf-spinning moths on Vaccinium uliginosum doptera is clearly structured along the ecological mesoclimatic gradient of bogs (Table 1, minimum and maximum temperature data from Mrtvy luh). The most stenotopic tyrphobiontic and tyrphophilous species of moths (A. pruinosell ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.