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Efficient Market Theory and the Crisis
Efficient Market Theory and the Crisis

... According to data collected by Prof. Robert Shiller of Yale University, in the 61 years from 1945 through 2006 the maximum cumulative decline in the average price of homes was 2.84% in 1991. If this low volatility of home prices persisted into the future, a mortgage security composed of a nationally ...
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... packages the pool of collaterals into notes, with explicit priority of payments and sells them to investors. – Thus securitization is, first and foremost, a financing mechanism for the issuer of the collaterals. – The tranche structure makes securitization interesting, in terms of risk. ...
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... When many firms sell the same item, there is a range of prices and buyers try to find the lowest price. But searching for a lower price is costly. Buyers balance the expected gain from further search against the cost of further search. To perform this balancing act, buyers use a decision rule called ...
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... Faced with moral hazard and adverse selection, banks use signals to discriminate between borrowers and ration or limit loans to amounts below that demanded. To restrict the amounts they are willing to lend to borrowers, banks use signals such as length of time in a job, ownership of a home, marital ...
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... The main culprit for this volatility (as we all know by now) was the melt down in the subprime mortgage market. But what exactly happened here? The subprime mortgage market consists of borrowers with poor credit histories and the brokers who made risky loans to those borrowers. It is a part of the m ...
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... opportunity cost refers to what a person gives up when a decision is made. This cost, also called a trade-off, may involve one or more of your resources (time, money, and effort). personal opportunity costs may involve time, health, or energy. For example, time spent on studying usually means lost t ...
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Systematic and Unsystematic Risk

... R + U (expected + unexpected) Investors form “expectations” about future Expected information is already discounted by the market • i.e., the value of the information is already incorporated into the stock prices • Attempts to exploit Public information (make large returns) will not be successful C ...
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... where by combining a primary and a secondary mortgage, borrowers could cover the total cost of the purchase without having to take out private mortgage insurance (which is normally mandatory when the personal down-payment is less than 20%). In the second case, households were able to benefit from th ...
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ARGENTINA

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Moral hazard

In economics, moral hazard occurs when one person takes more risks because someone else bears the burden of those risks. A moral hazard may occur where the actions of one party may change to the detriment of another after a financial transaction has taken place.Moral hazard occurs under a type of information asymmetry where the risk-taking party to a transaction knows more about its intentions than the party paying the consequences of the risk. More broadly, moral hazard occurs when the party with more information about its actions or intentions has a tendency or incentive to behave inappropriately from the perspective of the party with less information.Moral hazard also arises in a principal–agent problem, where one party, called an agent, acts on behalf of another party, called the principal. The agent usually has more information about his or her actions or intentions than the principal does, because the principal usually cannot completely monitor the agent. The agent may have an incentive to act inappropriately (from the viewpoint of the principal) if the interests of the agent and the principal are not aligned.
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