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Chap014
Chap014

... Presents aggregate view of the financial position of the NPO as a whole, rather than a disaggregated view focused on funds Can also be called a balance sheet Net assets (the difference between assets and liabilities) must be classified into three classes: ...
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... 1. Explain why incremental after-tax free cash flows are relevant in evaluating a project, and be able to calculate them for a project. 2. Discuss the five general rules for incremental after-tax free cash flow calculations, and explain why cash flows stated in nominal (real) dollars should be disco ...
Valuation of Emerging Economy Investments: Applying Real Options
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... cases by government regulation, but at the minimum, requiring local expertise to cut through the red tape. Capital markets: Emerging economies tend to have a developed banking system (with the notable exception of China) although the cost of capital is higher than in developed economies. Bond market ...
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... Alternative VaR approaches - Monte Carlo Monte Carlo simulate distributions of underlying assets; for each simulated outcome use pricing model to evaluate portfolio (underlying and options). Heavy computational requirements. Requires many inputs (e.g. variance, correlations) Assumes specific return ...
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... A flat and unique leverage ratio of 3% will unintentionally dis-incentivise low risk business and most likely harm risk reducing businesses / activities. As such we see the need to at least calibrate the ratio calculation in further areas which however contradicts the general approach of simple and ...
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... stock had to be issued then the firm’s WACC would increase. The calculated WACC does depend on the size of the capital budget. A firm calculates its retained earnings breakpoint (and any other capital breakpoints for additional debt and preferred). This R/E breakpoint represents the amount of capita ...
Capital Structure Composition and Solvency
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... • Earnings coverage of preferred dividends ratio – Computation must include in fixed charges all expenditures taking precedence over preferred dividends. – Since preferred dividends are not tax deductible, after-tax income must be used to cover them. ...
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... to buy and sell a currency pair at an agreed upon price on an agreed upon date in the future. Investors can manage currency risk by selling foreign currency and buying their home currency. The currency forward increases in value when the foreign currency depreciates. Currency futures contracts: Unli ...
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... “Even though financial market frictions impinge on the firm, q is a forwardlooking variable capturing the ramifications of these constraints on all the firm’s decisions. Not only does q reflect profitable opportunities in physical investment but, depending on circumstances, q capitalizes the impact ...
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... sources of finance, financing costs, analysis of investment opportunities, financial and risk management, legal issues relating to financing, and the financial sector in Uganda. The subject matter covered in this course relates to the use of financial tools and the understanding of concepts in makin ...
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... narration to indicate that the enterprise does not have full ownership thereof. 15.2 Where an enterprise owns fixed assets jointly with others (otherwise than as a partner in a firm), the extent of its share in such assets, and the proportion in the original cost, accumulated depreciation and writte ...
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... Businesses sometimes need money to increase production, expand operations, or introduce new products. Businesses sell securities— corporate bonds and shares of stock—to raise the necessary funds. A bond is a promise to repay borrowed money on a certain future date along with interest. Investing in S ...
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... In a utility function like (1) the elasticity of intertemporal substitution and the coefficient of relative risk aversion are represented by the same parameter. Therefore it is difficult to isolate the role of the two effects in the optimal response to increases in risk. Selden's analysis applies to ...
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Business valuation

Business valuation is a process and a set of procedures used to estimate the economic value of an owner’s interest in a business. Valuation is used by financial market participants to determine the price they are willing to pay or receive to effect a sale of a business. In addition to estimating the selling price of a business, the same valuation tools are often used by business appraisers to resolve disputes related to estate and gift taxation, divorce litigation, allocate business purchase price among business assets, establish a formula for estimating the value of partners' ownership interest for buy-sell agreements, and many other business and legal purposes such as in shareholders deadlock, divorce litigation and estate contest. In some cases, the court would appoint a forensic accountant as the joint expert doing the business valuation.
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