Rules relating connections to cortical structure in primate prefrontal cortex H. Barbas
... architecture, and can be applied to the sensory and motor cortical systems as well, because their structure also varies systematically in primates (for review see [16]). Within the conceptual framework of the structural model, feedforward projections in sensory areas always originate in areas with h ...
... architecture, and can be applied to the sensory and motor cortical systems as well, because their structure also varies systematically in primates (for review see [16]). Within the conceptual framework of the structural model, feedforward projections in sensory areas always originate in areas with h ...
LINKS BETWEEN LTP AND LEARNING AND MEMORY
... completely prevented if rats are pretrained in a different water maze before administration of the drug (spatial pretraining). – Non-spatial pretraining can not prevent AP5induced learning deficit, although it improved performance to some extent. ...
... completely prevented if rats are pretrained in a different water maze before administration of the drug (spatial pretraining). – Non-spatial pretraining can not prevent AP5induced learning deficit, although it improved performance to some extent. ...
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... In addition to inputs from different regions, activations in each neuron were also decreased by two mechanisms (indicated by the negative terms, see eqn 1-5 at appendix): (a) lateral inhibition from neighboring neurons, and (b) decay of activation over time. Discrimination learning occurred at the c ...
... In addition to inputs from different regions, activations in each neuron were also decreased by two mechanisms (indicated by the negative terms, see eqn 1-5 at appendix): (a) lateral inhibition from neighboring neurons, and (b) decay of activation over time. Discrimination learning occurred at the c ...
cerebral cortex, sensations and movements
... written words is done in the visual-gnosis area (Brodmann area 19); in the same area is the oculocephalogyric cortical center that controls visual reflexes (cortical reflex stimulated by light). The island is involved mainly in memory encoding and integration of sensory information (represented main ...
... written words is done in the visual-gnosis area (Brodmann area 19); in the same area is the oculocephalogyric cortical center that controls visual reflexes (cortical reflex stimulated by light). The island is involved mainly in memory encoding and integration of sensory information (represented main ...
Conditioned tone control of brain reward behavior produces highly
... Morris, Friston, & Dolan, 1998). This receptive field (RF) plasticity has key attributes of associative memory that make it an attractive candidate for the storage of behaviorally relevant auditory information. In addition to being associative, it is highly specific to the frequency of the conditioned ...
... Morris, Friston, & Dolan, 1998). This receptive field (RF) plasticity has key attributes of associative memory that make it an attractive candidate for the storage of behaviorally relevant auditory information. In addition to being associative, it is highly specific to the frequency of the conditioned ...
Observational Learning Based on Models of - FORTH-ICS
... provides details about the implementation of the (i) object recognition, (ii) proprioceptive association and (iii) behavior learning pathways. Object Recognition Pathway. The first entry point of information in the current model is through regions V1V4corners and V1V4XYaxisRatio. Those two networks ...
... provides details about the implementation of the (i) object recognition, (ii) proprioceptive association and (iii) behavior learning pathways. Object Recognition Pathway. The first entry point of information in the current model is through regions V1V4corners and V1V4XYaxisRatio. Those two networks ...
Learning by localized plastic adaptation in recurrent neural networks
... same for all synapses. All neurons are excitatory. After each firing ηi decreases by a fixed amount ∆η = 0.2, which guarantees that the network activity will decay in finite time. All neurons which have reached a potential higher than the threshold will fire at the next time step. After firing a neu ...
... same for all synapses. All neurons are excitatory. After each firing ηi decreases by a fixed amount ∆η = 0.2, which guarantees that the network activity will decay in finite time. All neurons which have reached a potential higher than the threshold will fire at the next time step. After firing a neu ...
section 4
... be subject to a number of interpretations and 2) that neurobiological constraints are not of great relevance to the model reported in this thesis. However, one important observation found by pharmacological manipulations is that the internal clock of animals can be speeded up or slowed down. This ca ...
... be subject to a number of interpretations and 2) that neurobiological constraints are not of great relevance to the model reported in this thesis. However, one important observation found by pharmacological manipulations is that the internal clock of animals can be speeded up or slowed down. This ca ...
Chapter 8: Conditioning and Learning
... Fig. 8.5 Higher order conditioning takes place when a well-learned conditioned stimulus is used as if it were an unconditioned stimulus. In this example, a child is first conditioned to salivate to the sound of a bell. In time, the bell will elicit salivation. At that point, you could clap your han ...
... Fig. 8.5 Higher order conditioning takes place when a well-learned conditioned stimulus is used as if it were an unconditioned stimulus. In this example, a child is first conditioned to salivate to the sound of a bell. In time, the bell will elicit salivation. At that point, you could clap your han ...
Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Polymicrogyria
... ular layer under the pia. Although this feature disappears by 27 to 30 weeks of gestation, areas of retained superficial granular layers can normally be found in the cortex of the temporal lobes and basal cortex of the frontal lobes throughout life. All cortical layers undergo special organization, ...
... ular layer under the pia. Although this feature disappears by 27 to 30 weeks of gestation, areas of retained superficial granular layers can normally be found in the cortex of the temporal lobes and basal cortex of the frontal lobes throughout life. All cortical layers undergo special organization, ...
Long latency EMG responses in hand and leg muscles
... muscle. According to Lee and Tatton,2 the responses were labelled M l-M3. In our paradigm, the first (Ml) response appeared with a mean latency of 33-3 + 3-7 ms. The mean duration was 16-4 + 4-4 ms, the mean integral 4-3 + 2-5 arbitrary units. In hand muscles it was often impossible to separate clea ...
... muscle. According to Lee and Tatton,2 the responses were labelled M l-M3. In our paradigm, the first (Ml) response appeared with a mean latency of 33-3 + 3-7 ms. The mean duration was 16-4 + 4-4 ms, the mean integral 4-3 + 2-5 arbitrary units. In hand muscles it was often impossible to separate clea ...
Temporal and Spatial Integration in the Rat SI Vibrissa Cortex
... rats were activated only by high-velocity deflections of not more than one whisker and were not differentially responsive to the angle in which that single hair was moved. An important observation was that these unit cluster responses could be precisely correlated with appropriate individual barrels ...
... rats were activated only by high-velocity deflections of not more than one whisker and were not differentially responsive to the angle in which that single hair was moved. An important observation was that these unit cluster responses could be precisely correlated with appropriate individual barrels ...
Contributions of the Basal Amygdala Nuclei to Conditioned Fear
... Unit recordings. Rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and administered atropine methyl nitrate (0.05 mg/kg, i.m.) to reduce secretions and aid breathing. In aseptic conditions, rats were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus with nonpuncture ear bars. A local anesthetic (bupivacaine, subcutaneous) was ...
... Unit recordings. Rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and administered atropine methyl nitrate (0.05 mg/kg, i.m.) to reduce secretions and aid breathing. In aseptic conditions, rats were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus with nonpuncture ear bars. A local anesthetic (bupivacaine, subcutaneous) was ...
Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of
... different neurochemical processes underlie the formation of STM, ITM and LTM, respectively. This would make feasible according to Lashley’s hypothesis (1950) that some kinds of memory appeared to be formed faster to allow growth of neural connections (this would be the case for LTM) considering that ...
... different neurochemical processes underlie the formation of STM, ITM and LTM, respectively. This would make feasible according to Lashley’s hypothesis (1950) that some kinds of memory appeared to be formed faster to allow growth of neural connections (this would be the case for LTM) considering that ...
Multiple Systems for Value Learning
... of food so as to facilitate its consumption and digestion. Reflexive behaviors are simple to implement (e.g., by more or less directly coupling sensors to effectors with minimal computation in between), and accordingly they are found in even the simplest organisms such as in species of bacteria that ...
... of food so as to facilitate its consumption and digestion. Reflexive behaviors are simple to implement (e.g., by more or less directly coupling sensors to effectors with minimal computation in between), and accordingly they are found in even the simplest organisms such as in species of bacteria that ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... discharge plasticity in background activity, and 21/22 cells developed plasticity in their responses to the acoustic conditioned stimulus (CS). Nonassociative factors were ruled out by the use of a sensitization phase (CS and US [unconditioned stimulus] unpaired) preceding the conditioning phase and ...
... discharge plasticity in background activity, and 21/22 cells developed plasticity in their responses to the acoustic conditioned stimulus (CS). Nonassociative factors were ruled out by the use of a sensitization phase (CS and US [unconditioned stimulus] unpaired) preceding the conditioning phase and ...
Place cells, neocortex and spatial navigation: a short review
... cerned with the processing of such information. As shown in the previous section, place cell activity is not strongly altered when the rat is deprived of vision early in its life [55]. Even though the preserved properties of place cell firing can be explained by compensation mechanisms such as learne ...
... cerned with the processing of such information. As shown in the previous section, place cell activity is not strongly altered when the rat is deprived of vision early in its life [55]. Even though the preserved properties of place cell firing can be explained by compensation mechanisms such as learne ...
Chapter 9: Learning: Principles and Applications
... for several hours. It is unlikely that the concert hall in which you were sick will become the conditioned stimulus, nor will other stimuli from the restaurant—the wallpaper pattern or the type of china used. What is more, psychologists can even predict which part of your meal will be the CS—you wil ...
... for several hours. It is unlikely that the concert hall in which you were sick will become the conditioned stimulus, nor will other stimuli from the restaurant—the wallpaper pattern or the type of china used. What is more, psychologists can even predict which part of your meal will be the CS—you wil ...
Note
... Estimating the discriminability of two stimuli from the neural responses proceeds by calculating the distribution of responses to the two stimuli P(n|v) from data (where n = NT , the number of spikes); the stimuli v are noise (n) and tone plus noise (t). The discrimination task is to detect the ton ...
... Estimating the discriminability of two stimuli from the neural responses proceeds by calculating the distribution of responses to the two stimuli P(n|v) from data (where n = NT , the number of spikes); the stimuli v are noise (n) and tone plus noise (t). The discrimination task is to detect the ton ...
PowerPoint - Developmental Disabilities Council
... the present. They are not able to discern that the context has changed ...
... the present. They are not able to discern that the context has changed ...
Test yourself on lesions in section pictures
... crossed the midline, so they will project to the contralateral hemisphere. B is wrong because the axons arising from the trigeminal ganglion neurons are located in the spinal trigeminal tract, just lateral to this nucleus, but also that afferent input comes from the ipsilateral side. C is wrong beca ...
... crossed the midline, so they will project to the contralateral hemisphere. B is wrong because the axons arising from the trigeminal ganglion neurons are located in the spinal trigeminal tract, just lateral to this nucleus, but also that afferent input comes from the ipsilateral side. C is wrong beca ...
morphometric parameters of the structures of the medulla oblongata
... teratoma are located in their typical places in the medulla oblongata and are presented by spherical undifferentiated nerve cells. The solitary nucleus and spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve have not clear contours. These nucleus are presented by spherical and spindle single neurons. The average ...
... teratoma are located in their typical places in the medulla oblongata and are presented by spherical undifferentiated nerve cells. The solitary nucleus and spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve have not clear contours. These nucleus are presented by spherical and spindle single neurons. The average ...
State-dependent and cell type-specific temporal processing in
... Effects of cortical state on onset responses to auditory click stimulus. To investigate how cortical states shape auditory evoked responses to a simple stimulus, single clicks were presented during the synchronized and desynchronized states. 130 cortical and 70 thalamic neurons that showed spiking ...
... Effects of cortical state on onset responses to auditory click stimulus. To investigate how cortical states shape auditory evoked responses to a simple stimulus, single clicks were presented during the synchronized and desynchronized states. 130 cortical and 70 thalamic neurons that showed spiking ...
New Features of Connectivity in Piriform Cortex Visualized by
... nucleus where dendrites from deep pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells predominate (Haberly, 1998). In layer IIId, long associational axons gave rise to collaterals that ascended to more superficial layers at varying distances from the cell body (Fig. 1 B, arrowheads). Within layer Ib (the deep portion ...
... nucleus where dendrites from deep pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells predominate (Haberly, 1998). In layer IIId, long associational axons gave rise to collaterals that ascended to more superficial layers at varying distances from the cell body (Fig. 1 B, arrowheads). Within layer Ib (the deep portion ...
Posterior cingulate cortex: adapting behavior to a
... Recent studies have provided evidence that both humans and nonhuman animals often employ sophisticated, model-based assumptions when learning about their environments [7,11,15]. That is, agents first determine an appropriate set of constructs by which to model the world, and then update the paramete ...
... Recent studies have provided evidence that both humans and nonhuman animals often employ sophisticated, model-based assumptions when learning about their environments [7,11,15]. That is, agents first determine an appropriate set of constructs by which to model the world, and then update the paramete ...