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Teaching with the Brain-Based Natural Human Learning FACES
Teaching with the Brain-Based Natural Human Learning FACES

... stupid. With appropriate help she became an excellent reader. Only 5% of students have ADD, but more than 25% are given ritalin, which stifles normal brain growth. These students say they are so bored they can't sit still, be quiet, listen and obey; they want to think, figure things out themselves, ...
Dissection of the Sheep Brain
Dissection of the Sheep Brain

... Twelve pairs of cranial nerves arise from the underside of the brain: 2 pairs arise from the cerebrum and 10 pairs of cranial nerves arise from the brainstem. These cranial nerves are designated by numbers and names. The number indicates the order in which the nerve arises from the brain, form anter ...
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... Visual-cliff =a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals Believed to be initiated in infants with crawling; believed to be innate Binocular cues depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes Retinal disparity=a binocular cue for perceivi ...
The Language of the Brain
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... responses contrast with the sluggish stream of hormones coursing through the bloodstream. The signals most important for this discussion, though, are the spikes, which are sharp rises in voltage that course through and between neurons. For cell-to-cell communication, spikes lasting a few millisecond ...
Bolt IRM Mod 03
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The Nervous System
The Nervous System

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Neural Basis of Motor Control
Neural Basis of Motor Control

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... would not probe inside to explore, of course). In addition, EEG equipment is relatively inexpensive compared with other devices and simple to operate. The main disadvantage of EEG recording is poor spatial resolution. Since measurements are taken at the scalp, the received signal is, essentially, th ...
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Red Brain, Blue Brain: Evaluative Processes Differ
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... available party registration records with the names of participants (35 males, 47 females) who had previously taken part in an experiment designed to examine risk-taking behavior during functional brain imaging. Ideally, we would have also directly inquired about the individuals’ ideological self-id ...
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Neural Oscillators on the Edge: Harnessing Noise to Promote Stability
Neural Oscillators on the Edge: Harnessing Noise to Promote Stability

... Abnormal neural oscillations are implicated in certain disease states, for example repetitive firing of injured axons evoking painful paresthesia, and rhythmic discharges of cortical neurons in patients with epilepsy. In other clinical conditions, the pathological state manifests as a vulnerability ...
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How Does Caffeine Affect the Central Nervous System? (CNS)

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THE CONTROL SYSTEMS

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Neuroplasticity



Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.
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