Category-specific Conceptual Processing of
... words (Preissl et al., 1995; Martin et al., 1996; Pulvermüller et al., 1999). Among the action words, those related to movements of the face, arm or leg activated fronto-central cortex in a somatotopic fashion (Hauk et al., 2004; Shtyrov et al., 2004), consistent with the claim that sensorimotor co ...
... words (Preissl et al., 1995; Martin et al., 1996; Pulvermüller et al., 1999). Among the action words, those related to movements of the face, arm or leg activated fronto-central cortex in a somatotopic fashion (Hauk et al., 2004; Shtyrov et al., 2004), consistent with the claim that sensorimotor co ...
different sensory modalities
... • there are many areas in the brain in which multiple sensory afferents converge • there are colliculus neurons that respond vigorously to low intensity auditory stimulus, but if the animal can’t see the visual stimulus the response is suppressed • the colliculus is an apt structure to study interac ...
... • there are many areas in the brain in which multiple sensory afferents converge • there are colliculus neurons that respond vigorously to low intensity auditory stimulus, but if the animal can’t see the visual stimulus the response is suppressed • the colliculus is an apt structure to study interac ...
Perception, action, and word meanings in the human brain
... cortex. Although verb meanings affect motion sensitivity (d’), motion sensitivity is a product of processing at many levels within the motion perception steam, including higher-level multimodal brain regions.50 Furthermore, language–perception interactions may occur not because action-verb meanings ...
... cortex. Although verb meanings affect motion sensitivity (d’), motion sensitivity is a product of processing at many levels within the motion perception steam, including higher-level multimodal brain regions.50 Furthermore, language–perception interactions may occur not because action-verb meanings ...
14.10 Insight 775 Gilbert
... case of contrast discrimination. Adini et al.7 assume that perceptual learning is mediated by an increase in contrast sensitivity. This, in turn, results from stimulus-evoked modifications to recurrent connections in the local network in the primary visual cortex. The model assumes that contrast dis ...
... case of contrast discrimination. Adini et al.7 assume that perceptual learning is mediated by an increase in contrast sensitivity. This, in turn, results from stimulus-evoked modifications to recurrent connections in the local network in the primary visual cortex. The model assumes that contrast dis ...
Perception, action, and word meanings in the human brain: the case
... cortex. Although verb meanings affect motion sensitivity (d’), motion sensitivity is a product of processing at many levels within the motion perception steam, including higher-level multimodal brain regions.50 Furthermore, language–perception interactions may occur not because action-verb meanings ...
... cortex. Although verb meanings affect motion sensitivity (d’), motion sensitivity is a product of processing at many levels within the motion perception steam, including higher-level multimodal brain regions.50 Furthermore, language–perception interactions may occur not because action-verb meanings ...
reading for language.
... and expressive functions showing divergent hemispheric dominance [23], while in others a perilesional (intra-hemispheric) reorganization may also be seen [24]. Considering that functional communication usually improves spontaneously over the first months after an acute brain injury [25], the benefit ...
... and expressive functions showing divergent hemispheric dominance [23], while in others a perilesional (intra-hemispheric) reorganization may also be seen [24]. Considering that functional communication usually improves spontaneously over the first months after an acute brain injury [25], the benefit ...
JEDNAK KSIAZKI
... a clap in a single dream concurred with Galen’s prescient theory that one pneuma acts for each sense organ. This dream suggests an association of two sensory inputs or crossmodal processing: the ability to use one sense–vision–to learn something in another sense–sound. ...
... a clap in a single dream concurred with Galen’s prescient theory that one pneuma acts for each sense organ. This dream suggests an association of two sensory inputs or crossmodal processing: the ability to use one sense–vision–to learn something in another sense–sound. ...
Regulation of Neurosteroid Biosynthesis by Neurotransmitters and
... is evidence that sulfated neurosteroids and NPY are involved in the regulation of similar behavioral activities. For instance, ∆5PS and DHEAS, like NPY, are implicated in the control of food intake in rodents (Reddy and Kulkarni 1998; Schwartz et al. 2000). Similarly, ∆5PS and NPY are known to regul ...
... is evidence that sulfated neurosteroids and NPY are involved in the regulation of similar behavioral activities. For instance, ∆5PS and DHEAS, like NPY, are implicated in the control of food intake in rodents (Reddy and Kulkarni 1998; Schwartz et al. 2000). Similarly, ∆5PS and NPY are known to regul ...
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
... weight and plasma Na, K, and osmolality were determined during the induction of hyponatremia and 24 h after rapid correction of hyponatremia. 15 rats, evenly divided into three groups: control, chronic hyponatremia, and rapid correction, were used for the biochemistry studied. For the neuropathologi ...
... weight and plasma Na, K, and osmolality were determined during the induction of hyponatremia and 24 h after rapid correction of hyponatremia. 15 rats, evenly divided into three groups: control, chronic hyponatremia, and rapid correction, were used for the biochemistry studied. For the neuropathologi ...
21. Basal ganglion
... They are corpus striatum; amygdaloid nucleus and claustrum. Its major components are caudate nucleus; putamen and globus pallidus . These structures are involved in the control of posture and movement. They are sometimes referred to anatomically as the corpus striatum but clinically, as basal gangli ...
... They are corpus striatum; amygdaloid nucleus and claustrum. Its major components are caudate nucleus; putamen and globus pallidus . These structures are involved in the control of posture and movement. They are sometimes referred to anatomically as the corpus striatum but clinically, as basal gangli ...
presentation source
... In most instances, motor control is contralateral such that the right primary motor cortex controls movements on the left side of the body. ...
... In most instances, motor control is contralateral such that the right primary motor cortex controls movements on the left side of the body. ...
Cell-Type Specific Properties of Pyramidal
... protein (EGFP) and compared each cell type in somatosensory cortex with the corresponding cell type in VC. We used 2 mouse lines for the 2 L5 cell types expressing EGFP under the control of either a promoter for a transcription factor (ets variant gene [etv] 1) or the promoter for a glycosyltransfer ...
... protein (EGFP) and compared each cell type in somatosensory cortex with the corresponding cell type in VC. We used 2 mouse lines for the 2 L5 cell types expressing EGFP under the control of either a promoter for a transcription factor (ets variant gene [etv] 1) or the promoter for a glycosyltransfer ...
Diffuse optical imaging of brain activation
... axes parallel to the scalp in the adult human brain close to the skull (resolution degrades rapidly with increasing depth in the brain). However, current measurement strategies primarily utilize nonoverlapping geometric arrangements of sources and detectors, and thus spatial resolution is no better ...
... axes parallel to the scalp in the adult human brain close to the skull (resolution degrades rapidly with increasing depth in the brain). However, current measurement strategies primarily utilize nonoverlapping geometric arrangements of sources and detectors, and thus spatial resolution is no better ...
... This strict localizationism had and still has its importance for the development of Neurosciences, since the analysis of changes in mental processes resulting from brain damage became the basis for understanding the brain organization. It is also fundamental to understanding the evolutionary aspects ...
Functional maps within a single neuron
... 2008). Furthermore, because synaptic and intrinsic plasticity mechanisms can be induced by similar plasticity induction protocols (Lujan et al. 2009; Shah et al. 2010; Sjostrom et al. 2008), such metaplasticity would affect intrinsic plasticity mechanisms as well, thus altering various intraneuronal ...
... 2008). Furthermore, because synaptic and intrinsic plasticity mechanisms can be induced by similar plasticity induction protocols (Lujan et al. 2009; Shah et al. 2010; Sjostrom et al. 2008), such metaplasticity would affect intrinsic plasticity mechanisms as well, thus altering various intraneuronal ...
Harding, G. W. and A. L. Towe. 1995. Neuron Response to Direct
... stimulation of the cortical surface: those m neurons which receive an inhibitory influence from local s neurons, as estimated from their modulation ratios, do not respond to such stimulation. Some s neurons also fail to respond to this stimulation. Li and Chou (1962) and Sugaya et al. (1964) also fo ...
... stimulation of the cortical surface: those m neurons which receive an inhibitory influence from local s neurons, as estimated from their modulation ratios, do not respond to such stimulation. Some s neurons also fail to respond to this stimulation. Li and Chou (1962) and Sugaya et al. (1964) also fo ...
Sensory Pathways and Emotional Context for Action
... Selective attention implies that irrelevant signals are suppressed. How does the prefrontal cortex achieve this important function? Using prefrontal auditory connections as a model system, we have found that pathways from lateral prefrontal areas to auditory association cortices target not only exci ...
... Selective attention implies that irrelevant signals are suppressed. How does the prefrontal cortex achieve this important function? Using prefrontal auditory connections as a model system, we have found that pathways from lateral prefrontal areas to auditory association cortices target not only exci ...
The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior
... attentional mechanisms, the establishment of maps of extrapersonal space, and the adaptive recalibration of eye–hand coordination. Our findings suggest that these functions are subserved by distinct subcortical systems from the superior colliculus, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Furthermore, the findi ...
... attentional mechanisms, the establishment of maps of extrapersonal space, and the adaptive recalibration of eye–hand coordination. Our findings suggest that these functions are subserved by distinct subcortical systems from the superior colliculus, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Furthermore, the findi ...
doc midterm 1 chapter notes
... o Galen discounted this, saying that if it were so, then nerve endings would go to the heart, not the mind. René Descartes, said that animals (including humans) are machines, and once set on this earth behave without any divine intervention. He defined the term reflex: An automatic, stereotyped move ...
... o Galen discounted this, saying that if it were so, then nerve endings would go to the heart, not the mind. René Descartes, said that animals (including humans) are machines, and once set on this earth behave without any divine intervention. He defined the term reflex: An automatic, stereotyped move ...
Pituitary Gland Functional Connectivity and BMI by Paige Rucker A
... an overwhelming prevalence of obesity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 1/3 of the United States population (36.5%) was classified as “obese” as of September 2016 (“Adult Obesity Facts | Overweight & Obesity | CDC” n.d.). The human body has evolved to requ ...
... an overwhelming prevalence of obesity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 1/3 of the United States population (36.5%) was classified as “obese” as of September 2016 (“Adult Obesity Facts | Overweight & Obesity | CDC” n.d.). The human body has evolved to requ ...
Control and Coordination
... All these activities occur in a coordinated manner, and if any of these activities misses or does not occur in time then the body will not get nutrition. In case of animals, including man, the chemicals produced by ductless (endocrine) glands also bring about coordination. This coordination by chemi ...
... All these activities occur in a coordinated manner, and if any of these activities misses or does not occur in time then the body will not get nutrition. In case of animals, including man, the chemicals produced by ductless (endocrine) glands also bring about coordination. This coordination by chemi ...
Prediction in Human Decision Making
... and adaptive decisions. Decision making is defined as the ability to choose between different alternatives. Purpose: this study, we have addressed the prediction aspect of human decision making from neurological, experimental and modeling points of view. Methods: We used a predictive reinforcement l ...
... and adaptive decisions. Decision making is defined as the ability to choose between different alternatives. Purpose: this study, we have addressed the prediction aspect of human decision making from neurological, experimental and modeling points of view. Methods: We used a predictive reinforcement l ...
POSITIVE EFFECT OF MINDFULNESS MEDITATION ON STRESS
... RESULTS OF THE STUDY: Brain scan – those who meditated had an increased thickness of grey matter in parts of the brain that are responsible for attention and processing sensory input. ...
... RESULTS OF THE STUDY: Brain scan – those who meditated had an increased thickness of grey matter in parts of the brain that are responsible for attention and processing sensory input. ...
An action perspective on motor development
... fixated the motion instead of the goals [6]. Other recent motor control studies also demonstrate the close relationship between perception and action [7,8]. Evidence from neuroscience shows that the brain represents movements in terms of actions even at the level of neural processes. A specific set ...
... fixated the motion instead of the goals [6]. Other recent motor control studies also demonstrate the close relationship between perception and action [7,8]. Evidence from neuroscience shows that the brain represents movements in terms of actions even at the level of neural processes. A specific set ...
Microsoft Word 97 - 2003 Document
... organic nutrients and satisfying other needs. Organisms which move about, ourselves included, have many of their internal conditions regulated by endocrine glands and hormones. Even though hormones in most warm-blooded animals can reach target cells and begin a response in a minute or less, the over ...
... organic nutrients and satisfying other needs. Organisms which move about, ourselves included, have many of their internal conditions regulated by endocrine glands and hormones. Even though hormones in most warm-blooded animals can reach target cells and begin a response in a minute or less, the over ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.