Unconventional Central Bank Measures for Emerging
... central banks in the attainment of macroeconomic objectives. Many of them have employed unconventional measures to help alleviate liquidity stresses in foreign exchange and domestic financial markets in the relatively short run and with some apparent success. However, unconventional measures are wit ...
... central banks in the attainment of macroeconomic objectives. Many of them have employed unconventional measures to help alleviate liquidity stresses in foreign exchange and domestic financial markets in the relatively short run and with some apparent success. However, unconventional measures are wit ...
Towards a Strategy for Economic Growth in Uruguay
... multilateral real exchange rate remained relatively flat (with some deflationary trend) until the end of 1990. From then on it entered a strong real appreciation trend until its crisis in 2002. By contrast, while Argentina and Brazil also exhibit these broad trends, they show much more volatility. I ...
... multilateral real exchange rate remained relatively flat (with some deflationary trend) until the end of 1990. From then on it entered a strong real appreciation trend until its crisis in 2002. By contrast, while Argentina and Brazil also exhibit these broad trends, they show much more volatility. I ...
Weak Dollar, Strong Dollar: Causes and Consequences
... events will have strong effects on economic activity in the United States, activity seemingly unrelated to the dollars international exchange value. Because asset market transactions most often occur at a higher volume and at greater speed than do transactions in goods (i.e., imports and exports), m ...
... events will have strong effects on economic activity in the United States, activity seemingly unrelated to the dollars international exchange value. Because asset market transactions most often occur at a higher volume and at greater speed than do transactions in goods (i.e., imports and exports), m ...
INTERNATIONAL ENTRY AND COUNTRY ANALYSIS
... earliest attempts to do this was the work of Howard Perlmutter, who distinguished between ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric approaches to internationalization. An MNE with an ethnocentric approach would pursue strategies that view the world from the home country’s perspective and would be li ...
... earliest attempts to do this was the work of Howard Perlmutter, who distinguished between ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric approaches to internationalization. An MNE with an ethnocentric approach would pursue strategies that view the world from the home country’s perspective and would be li ...
IKE`s Rationale for State Intervention in the Financial System
... Lessons for Assessing Risks in the Financial System ...
... Lessons for Assessing Risks in the Financial System ...
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY COST OF CAPITAL (a)
... greater than zero, then the project is feasible from an economic point of view. • If the NPV is less than zero, the project should be rejected on the grounds that the investment resources of the country could be put to better use elsewhere. ...
... greater than zero, then the project is feasible from an economic point of view. • If the NPV is less than zero, the project should be rejected on the grounds that the investment resources of the country could be put to better use elsewhere. ...
NOTAS26INGLES_en.pdf
... and zinc, along with coffee, sugar and shrimp, were among the most affected by the lower prices. Among agricultural commodities, the prices of cotton, leather and wood pulp fell. In short, almost every country saw the average price for its export product basket decline or stagnate. Ecuador and Venez ...
... and zinc, along with coffee, sugar and shrimp, were among the most affected by the lower prices. Among agricultural commodities, the prices of cotton, leather and wood pulp fell. In short, almost every country saw the average price for its export product basket decline or stagnate. Ecuador and Venez ...
English
... multilateral real exchange rate remained relatively flat (with some deflationary trend) until the end of 1990. From then on it entered a strong real appreciation trend until its crisis in 2002. By contrast, while Argentina and Brazil also exhibit these broad trends, they show much more volatility. I ...
... multilateral real exchange rate remained relatively flat (with some deflationary trend) until the end of 1990. From then on it entered a strong real appreciation trend until its crisis in 2002. By contrast, while Argentina and Brazil also exhibit these broad trends, they show much more volatility. I ...
PDF
... motivation for estimating an inverse demand system is that quantities are assumed to be naturally predetermined. Fish supply, however, can respond to price incentives and the actual quantity supplied annually is likely to be influenced by random fluctuations in that year’s price. As a result, the as ...
... motivation for estimating an inverse demand system is that quantities are assumed to be naturally predetermined. Fish supply, however, can respond to price incentives and the actual quantity supplied annually is likely to be influenced by random fluctuations in that year’s price. As a result, the as ...
Boo Sjöö
... The demand and supply can be decomposed into the private sector net demand and public sector net demand. At the short end of market, the central bank is often an important actor and can therefore influence short term (money market) interest rates. Typically the banking sector as a whole has excess l ...
... The demand and supply can be decomposed into the private sector net demand and public sector net demand. At the short end of market, the central bank is often an important actor and can therefore influence short term (money market) interest rates. Typically the banking sector as a whole has excess l ...
The pessimistic scenario
... Because the transmission lag for money market rate was identified as three quarters we haven’t considered any change in interest rates, although in the case of an economic recovery the banks’ risk aversion might decrease and the deterioration of the quality of the portfolio might imply a reconsidera ...
... Because the transmission lag for money market rate was identified as three quarters we haven’t considered any change in interest rates, although in the case of an economic recovery the banks’ risk aversion might decrease and the deterioration of the quality of the portfolio might imply a reconsidera ...
JK_26_01_01 - Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi
... expansion in the economic activities, ...
... expansion in the economic activities, ...
Rumen_5_ALTERNATIVI_br2_2016
... and by making attempts at developing its industry. Bulgaria had good trade relations with the neighboring countries, and the state budget was balanced with small deficit. Notwithstanding the lost wars of 1912-13, with heavy death toll and incurred financial damage and territorial changes, the countr ...
... and by making attempts at developing its industry. Bulgaria had good trade relations with the neighboring countries, and the state budget was balanced with small deficit. Notwithstanding the lost wars of 1912-13, with heavy death toll and incurred financial damage and territorial changes, the countr ...
Chapter 14
... currency in circulation. – It indirectly controls the amount of checking deposits issued by private banks. ...
... currency in circulation. – It indirectly controls the amount of checking deposits issued by private banks. ...
Monetary policy and inflation in South Africa: Annari de Waal
... function added to the model (which will further allow the repo rate to adjust to domestic output and inflation). Smal and De Jager (2001) confirm the time lag between a change in the official interest rate and the full impact on demand and production, which is real economic activity, as approximatel ...
... function added to the model (which will further allow the repo rate to adjust to domestic output and inflation). Smal and De Jager (2001) confirm the time lag between a change in the official interest rate and the full impact on demand and production, which is real economic activity, as approximatel ...
Linkages Between Exchange Rate Policy and Macroeconomic
... the official IMF (de jure) and the de facto classification of Reinhart and Rogoff (2004) that indicates whether the central bank actually implements its publicly announced policy. We refer to exchange rate policy measured in this way as ‘words versus deeds’ policy. The literature has offered many re ...
... the official IMF (de jure) and the de facto classification of Reinhart and Rogoff (2004) that indicates whether the central bank actually implements its publicly announced policy. We refer to exchange rate policy measured in this way as ‘words versus deeds’ policy. The literature has offered many re ...
beliefs - Georgia State University
... to devalue at some point in the future. Aware of that possibility, investors demand a premium on assets in local currency, which raises the cost of capital and leads to lower investment and lower economic growth, which may in turn contribute to the collapse of the fixed exchange rate regime. As Dorn ...
... to devalue at some point in the future. Aware of that possibility, investors demand a premium on assets in local currency, which raises the cost of capital and leads to lower investment and lower economic growth, which may in turn contribute to the collapse of the fixed exchange rate regime. As Dorn ...
PDF
... commodities, none of the authors sought to nominate or identify the source of such a shock to the terms of trade itself or examine different types of shocks. Rather the format has been to typically focus on an assumed general shock on the terms of trade and how this impacts the real exchange rate. F ...
... commodities, none of the authors sought to nominate or identify the source of such a shock to the terms of trade itself or examine different types of shocks. Rather the format has been to typically focus on an assumed general shock on the terms of trade and how this impacts the real exchange rate. F ...
How do exchange rate movements affect Chinese exports? – A firm
... domestic producers and caused exit of firms and layoff of workers 2 .In particular, the everincreasing trade deficit between the US and China adds further tension between the two largest countries in the world. China’s pegged nominal RMB (Renminbi) has been claimed too low and responsible for the cu ...
... domestic producers and caused exit of firms and layoff of workers 2 .In particular, the everincreasing trade deficit between the US and China adds further tension between the two largest countries in the world. China’s pegged nominal RMB (Renminbi) has been claimed too low and responsible for the cu ...
The Effects of Budget Deficit Reduction on the Exchange Rate
... significantly. These conditions are likely to hold for three reasons. The risk of monetization is greater for a country with a high rate of inflation because the country has shown a willingness to ...
... significantly. These conditions are likely to hold for three reasons. The risk of monetization is greater for a country with a high rate of inflation because the country has shown a willingness to ...
The Ricardian Theory of International Trade - Cedeplar
... principle of comparative advantage. Originally formulated by Ricardo (or Torrens) based on the labor theory of value,1 this principle was incorporated into the supply-and-demand approach, through the Heckscher-Ohlin model.2 Even the neo-Ricardian (or Sraffian) school, which criticized the HeckscherO ...
... principle of comparative advantage. Originally formulated by Ricardo (or Torrens) based on the labor theory of value,1 this principle was incorporated into the supply-and-demand approach, through the Heckscher-Ohlin model.2 Even the neo-Ricardian (or Sraffian) school, which criticized the HeckscherO ...
PDF
... The process of agricultural sector reform, therefore, will be determined both by economy-wide policies and sector-specific policies. Reform in transitional economies is being directed at the support and enabling of competitiveness, through the development of market efficiencies, and by creating an e ...
... The process of agricultural sector reform, therefore, will be determined both by economy-wide policies and sector-specific policies. Reform in transitional economies is being directed at the support and enabling of competitiveness, through the development of market efficiencies, and by creating an e ...
A. The Impact on Mainland China`s Economy (continued)
... The whole course of the Renminbi’s full convertibility, we think, should be broken down into three major stages in general. Stage One, Adopting current account liberalization. (It was established by 1996.) Stage Two, Adopting capital account liberalization. (It’s currently going on.) Stage Three, Ad ...
... The whole course of the Renminbi’s full convertibility, we think, should be broken down into three major stages in general. Stage One, Adopting current account liberalization. (It was established by 1996.) Stage Two, Adopting capital account liberalization. (It’s currently going on.) Stage Three, Ad ...
The Euro after three years
... inflation expectations in relation to its target for inflation, from its very beginning the ECB can be regarded as a credible central bank. Thus, one can say that the ECB has been able to pursue a stability-oriented monetary policy even under the difficult environment of a major supply shock. While ...
... inflation expectations in relation to its target for inflation, from its very beginning the ECB can be regarded as a credible central bank. Thus, one can say that the ECB has been able to pursue a stability-oriented monetary policy even under the difficult environment of a major supply shock. While ...
