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Jyske Forskelle
Jyske Forskelle

... 1. Costs in Denmark and abroad are paid by the orderer (OUR). In connection with payments covered by the Danish Payment Services Act, OUR can only be used in some cases. Costs abroad may be calculated as a percentage of the amount. This amount may be large. Therefore we recommend that you include t ...
PDF
PDF

... collapsed when interest rate increases in 1981-82 triggered the worst global recession in 50 years. Higher oil prices and shifts in industrialized countries' monetary policies drove up ~he interest rates, severely worsening LIC's balance of payment problems. The InternatioDl:lI Monetary Fund (IMF) r ...
Free Full Text ( Final Version , 647kb )
Free Full Text ( Final Version , 647kb )

... are expected to be determined by demand and supply in the market (market forces). There are many economic and non economic factors that could affect this demand and supply equilibrium apart from oil variable. For example, the market expectation, consumer price index, and foreign reserves, political ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES STRICT DOLLARIZATION AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES STRICT DOLLARIZATION AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

... and Magendzo (2003) has found that dollarized and currency union countries have had a significantly lower rate of inflation than countries with a domestic currency. There is much less agreement, however, on the effects of dollarization on real economic variables, such as growth, employment and volat ...
keegan_gm7_inpp t_02 GE version
keegan_gm7_inpp t_02 GE version

... • trade deficit—negative current account • trade surplus—positive current account – Capital account–record of all long-term direct investment, portfolio investment, and capital flows ...
London: Europe's New York
London: Europe's New York

... Point location, national function, global reach: the concept of ‘Financial Capital’. “By…1900 the tide had turned firmly in favour of national exchanges, and while some regional exchanges survive today, they are far less important. “The dominance of National Exchanges was made possible by better co ...
H D A N
H D A N

... explains how Argentina should dollarize now. It proposes the following main steps: ...
DP2008/01 Some benefits of monetary policy transparency in New Zealand
DP2008/01 Some benefits of monetary policy transparency in New Zealand

... The genesis of this shift was likely the opening up of capital accounts and associated movement away from highly managed exchange rate regimes, wherein central bank secrecy was the modus operandi, towards the increasing focus on a price stability objective (whether this objective is legislated or no ...
The Purchasing Power Parity Debate
The Purchasing Power Parity Debate

... 1820 –2001. Both are expressed in U.S. dollar terms, which means that the UK CPI was multiplied by the number of U.S. dollars exchanging for one UK pound at that point in time. The bottom panel shows the comparison using producer price indices, using data for a slightly longer period 1791–2001.1 We ...
list of eu regulated markets - Agencija za trg vrednostnih papirjev
list of eu regulated markets - Agencija za trg vrednostnih papirjev

... system operated and/or managed by a market operator, which brings together or facilitates the bringing together of multiple third-party buying and selling interests in financial instruments — in the system and in accordance with its non-discretionary — rules in a way that results in a contract, in r ...
The Determinants of FDI Inflows to Greece
The Determinants of FDI Inflows to Greece

... the nominal lending interest rate in the Greece to the nominal lending interest rate in Germany is suggested as a proxy for the relative cost of borrowing. ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Focus: links between banking and exchange rate crises. Covers period 1970-95. Based on a group of 20 countries (14 developing countries); total of 26 banking crises. Incidence of both types of crises increased sharply since the early 1980s. Average number per year of banking crises in the sample ros ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES REAL EXCHANGE RATE TARGETING AND MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY Martín Uribe
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES REAL EXCHANGE RATE TARGETING AND MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY Martín Uribe

... between the current level of the real exchange rate and expected devaluations implied by the model. In a small open economy, the nominal interest rate is, loosely speaking, an increasing function of the expected devaluation rate. Hence, an increase in next period’s expected devaluation rate causes a ...
Current account reversals and currency crises: empirical
Current account reversals and currency crises: empirical

... predictive model. The burgeoning analytical literature on financial crises has highlighted several mechanisms that can generate such an outcome: inconsistency between deteriorating fundamentals and the maintenance of a fixed exchange rate (Krugman 1979), self-fulfilling crises a la Obstfeld (1994), ...
Tradability of Goods and Real Exchange Rate
Tradability of Goods and Real Exchange Rate

... to traded goods across these two countries. Intuitively, the real exchange rate is much more variable than the relative price of comparatively nontraded to traded goods across countries because the latter variable assumes that there are no relative price movements across sectors of similar degrees o ...
Chap010
Chap010

...  Lending money raised by WB bond sales  Agriculture  Education  Population ...
Utilizing financial market information in forecasting real
Utilizing financial market information in forecasting real

... for the Euro market have experienced for decades a clearly positive long-run (e.g., 5year) trend, even fairly short-term (e.g., from 3 to 6 months) periods of decreasing stock market indexes are always worrying for the financial market practitioners and policy makers, in view of their potential real ...
Rbi`s capital a/c
Rbi`s capital a/c

... Fully paid up instruments. Unsecured debt. Subordinated to the claims of other creditors. This means that the bank's holder's claims for their money will be paid at last in order of preference as compared with the claims of other creditors of the bank. The bonds should not be redeemable at the optio ...
English
English

... firms into account. This leads to strategic complementarities. Market share of the exporting country then becomes a critical factor. We consider both a two-country and multi-country version of the partial equilibrium model. The latter provides relevant insights about the implications of European Mo ...
Convergence analysis of Russia and Belarus economies in
Convergence analysis of Russia and Belarus economies in

... for the specifically studied country. 1.1 The traditional approach to determining the optimal currency area Mobility of production factors Free movement of labor and capital at constant exchange rates was one of the fundamental criteria of optimality. However, this statement is quite debatable. Foll ...
The-Analysis-Of-The-Impact-Of-Unemployment-And-Inflation
The-Analysis-Of-The-Impact-Of-Unemployment-And-Inflation

... by the civilian administration, this made the balance of payment, capital account balance to reduce to degree of deficit which leads to low external reserve. Furthermore inflation is generally used to describe a situation of rapid persistence and unacceptable increase in general price level in any e ...
Can the Fed Stop Deflation?
Can the Fed Stop Deflation?

... to banks. In shepherding reserve requirements down to zero, it has expended all the power of the first source. In 2001, the Fed lowered its discount rate from 6 percent to 1.25 percent, an unprecedented amount in such a short time. By doing so, it has expended much of the power residing in the secon ...
Responding to the Monetary Superpower
Responding to the Monetary Superpower

... to alter their own monetary policies, which could have magnified the Fed’s actions in creating global liquidity. This paper addresses the issue by showing how spillovers in central bank behavior occur in theoretical rational expectations models. It then establishes empirically how U.S. monetary poli ...
Relevance of Low Inflation in the Southeastern
Relevance of Low Inflation in the Southeastern

... of different approaches, mainly depends on individual circumstances in each of the countries – their size, foreign trade links, financial structure (Lakić, 2006, p. 100). There is a consensus among economists and central bankers that the only long-term effect on economy that monetary authorities can ...
PDF
PDF

... In the forthcoming synthesis volume and in the individual country studies, the effects of these large tax equivalents on agriculture in the countries concerned are analysed. Here, the focus is on one of the interesting political economy puzzles that emerges from analysis of the findings. The interes ...
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Currency intervention

Currency intervention, also known as foreign exchange market intervention, or currency manipulation, occurs when a government buys or sells foreign currency to push the exchange rate of its own currency away from equilibrium value or to prevent the exchange rate from moving toward its equilibrium value.Generally, central banks intervene in foreign exchange markets in order to achieve a variety of overall economic objectives: controlling inflation, maintaining competitiveness, or maintaining financial stability. The precise objectives of policy and how they are reflected in currency manipulation depend on a number of factors, including the stage of a country’s development, the degree of financial market development and integration, and the country’s overall vulnerability to shocks.
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