• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Global Pricing
Global Pricing

...  Due to differences in the value of different currency, similar products in different countries may be priced differently.  This has to do not just with demand for that particular product, but with macroeconomic demand for national currencies, which affects inflation and, by extension, pricing. Co ...
Schedule of Fees Annexed to the Regulations under the PCT
Schedule of Fees Annexed to the Regulations under the PCT

... Having regard to those considerations, it is proposed to fix the fee reductions associated with full electronic filing as follows: 300 Swiss francs where the text of the description, claims and abstract is presented in character coded format (which enables the greatest benefits of the use of XML (ex ...
Viet Nam Economic and financial management Working Paper 1
Viet Nam Economic and financial management Working Paper 1

... Source: Riedel, Bui and Nguyen (2000). Introduction of institutions for implementation and enforcement of these laws has been much slower than formulation of the laws. Economic courts and a Viet Nam International Arbitration Centre have been established, but expertise within the legal system with se ...
Table 2 - Bank of Namibia
Table 2 - Bank of Namibia

... Recent studies have drawn attention to the fact that most time series data might exhibit non-stationary which is likely to result in ‘spurious regressions” and the concomitant incorrect statistical inferences. Though first differencing can be used to overcome this problem, potentially useful informa ...
Causes and consequences of inflation / by Batyr Komourzoev
Causes and consequences of inflation / by Batyr Komourzoev

... Inflation is a continuous increase in the general price level in a given economy. Debate about inflation has concerned whether the value of money falls or the value of goods and services rises. However, the prevailing view about inflation today is that it is often due to the fall in the value of mon ...
Cross-Border Banking and Global Liquidity
Cross-Border Banking and Global Liquidity

... and the co-movement in debt ‡ows and credit growth that accompanies it. In tandem with the discussion of global factors, the dramatic increase in gross capital ‡ows has posed a challenge to the traditional approach to international …nance based on net capital ‡ows where …nancial ‡ows are seen only a ...
PDF Download
PDF Download

... It is absolutely vital to maintain the momentum gained so far and continue to build up support for enlargement. The outcome of the Irish referendum was a warning signal to both European governments and EU institutions that enlargement will only be a success if its aims and long-term benefits are und ...
- LSE Research Online
- LSE Research Online

... financial integration, in part because there is much double counting involved, in part because such flows may indicate poorly integrated national financial markets rather than the reverse. For most economists, the ‘law of one price’ is the preferred measure of market integration. In practice, althou ...
A New Look at Pass-through
A New Look at Pass-through

... generated by real factors: changes in the world economy that require a change in the home currency to maintain internal and external balance. This may lead to exchange rate changes without any changes in domestic prices, while import prices may change. In this case, it seems that pass-through into t ...
Nº 227 - Instituto de Economía - Pontificia Universidad Católica de
Nº 227 - Instituto de Economía - Pontificia Universidad Católica de

... and Sala-i-Martin (1995, p. 28) call conditional convergence: ...
Changes in Equilibrium Interest Rates
Changes in Equilibrium Interest Rates

... price and a very negative return. Hence if people begin to think that interest rates will be higher next year than they had originally anticipated, the expected return today on long-term bonds would fall, and the quantity demanded would fall at each interest rate. Higher expected interest rates in t ...
Scotland analysis: Currency and monetary policy
Scotland analysis: Currency and monetary policy

Download Full Article
Download Full Article

... the price of imports. By against a weak exchange rate fosters competitiveness by reducing the price of exported products become more competitive than the products of competitors. The Marshall-Lerner condition must be verified in the sense that the sum of the price elasticity of exports and imports i ...
Achieving Your Target Return
Achieving Your Target Return

... At its core, the typical model suffers from a misalignment of interests between the investment manager and institutional investors. This misalignment has driven managers to structure portfolios designed to better achieve their own goals rather than those of the clients for whom they manage assets. F ...
FX Options and Structured Products
FX Options and Structured Products

... Treasury management of international corporates involves dealing with cash flows in different currencies. Therefore the natural service of an investment bank consists of a variety of money market and foreign exchange products. This book explains the most popular products and strategies with a focus ...
What is the Most Effective Monetary Policy for Aid
What is the Most Effective Monetary Policy for Aid



... current account deficits are reflected in the current net foreign liabilities, and these interrelationships are enforced during model simulation and projections. These stock-flow relationships imply important closure relationships. For example, consumers have a target for equilibrium debt (net forei ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE MICRO-MACRO DISCONNECT OF PURCHASING POWER PARITY
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE MICRO-MACRO DISCONNECT OF PURCHASING POWER PARITY

... The semi-annual observations made available to us do not extend beyond 2007. ...
Argentina`s Economic Crisis: Causes and Cures (English)
Argentina`s Economic Crisis: Causes and Cures (English)

Malaysia`s September 1998 Controls: Background, Context
Malaysia`s September 1998 Controls: Background, Context

... were adopted to reflate the economy, later augmented by the currency and capital control measures from September. Looking at the crisis in August 1998, when the United States still showed little inclination to do anything to improve the situation, the Malaysian measures made good sense. The Septembe ...
A Tale of Two Cycles: Co-Fluctuations Between UK Regions and the
A Tale of Two Cycles: Co-Fluctuations Between UK Regions and the

... determines the desirability of the latter. Official thinking reflects this view. According to the stated policy of the current UK government (the first of the Treasury’s “five tests”), the timing of accession should depend primarily on the degree of symmetry between the British business cycle and th ...
impact of macroeconomic factors on financial
impact of macroeconomic factors on financial

... secure loans through the conventional banking system. In recent past some MFIs have been confronted with a number of challenges that has affected their way of doing business. Competition among the MFIs has increased significantly; this has lead to lower interest rate, increased efficiency through cr ...
UNIVERSITY OF VAASA FACULTY OF BUSINESS STUDY
UNIVERSITY OF VAASA FACULTY OF BUSINESS STUDY

... promising for “unlimited” actions to intervene into European market such as to “buy unlimited amounts of bonds of troubled euro-zone countries”; and the Federal Reserve who pledged to buy an indefinite amount of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”); in September, the Dow Jones industrial average and t ...
econometric testing of purchasing power parity in less developed
econometric testing of purchasing power parity in less developed

... rate determination. The PPP theory establishes a long run relationship between the nominal exchange rate and the ratio of the domestic to foreign price levels.1 There are many versions of PPP, however, absolute PPP and relative PPP are most commonly considered versions. The absolute PPP implies that ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CAN ENDOGENOUS CHANGES IN PRICE FLEXIBILITY
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CAN ENDOGENOUS CHANGES IN PRICE FLEXIBILITY

... facing the loss of monetary independence has an incentive to increase the degree of wage indexation. Calmfors and Johansson show, using a simple linear model with an ad hoc quadratic welfare function, that greater variability in prices which accompanies increased wage flexibility, may in fact be wel ...
< 1 ... 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 ... 250 >

Currency intervention

Currency intervention, also known as foreign exchange market intervention, or currency manipulation, occurs when a government buys or sells foreign currency to push the exchange rate of its own currency away from equilibrium value or to prevent the exchange rate from moving toward its equilibrium value.Generally, central banks intervene in foreign exchange markets in order to achieve a variety of overall economic objectives: controlling inflation, maintaining competitiveness, or maintaining financial stability. The precise objectives of policy and how they are reflected in currency manipulation depend on a number of factors, including the stage of a country’s development, the degree of financial market development and integration, and the country’s overall vulnerability to shocks.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report