INTRODUCTION DOLLARS, DEFICITS, AND TRADE James A. Dorn
... authors imply that a better understanding of how to discipline the fiscal authorities is necessary before considering any reform of the exchange rate regime. On the question of monetary independence, Frenkel and Goldstein note that the relevant issue is the cost in terms of alternative policy option ...
... authors imply that a better understanding of how to discipline the fiscal authorities is necessary before considering any reform of the exchange rate regime. On the question of monetary independence, Frenkel and Goldstein note that the relevant issue is the cost in terms of alternative policy option ...
What Rising Interest Rates Mean for You
... While long-term bond prices are highly sensitive to changing bond yields, long-term bond yields won’t necessarily rise when the Federal Reserve increases its key rate. Long-term bond yields are tied more to growth and inflation expectations. ...
... While long-term bond prices are highly sensitive to changing bond yields, long-term bond yields won’t necessarily rise when the Federal Reserve increases its key rate. Long-term bond yields are tied more to growth and inflation expectations. ...
Assessing the economic merits of joining the Euro
... the Balance of Payments that state that monetary policy is ineffective under fixed exchange rates. Second, both fiscal policy and monetary policy are ineffective at influencing GDP in the long run due to a vertical aggregate supply curve. So taken into account these two facts, why should a country c ...
... the Balance of Payments that state that monetary policy is ineffective under fixed exchange rates. Second, both fiscal policy and monetary policy are ineffective at influencing GDP in the long run due to a vertical aggregate supply curve. So taken into account these two facts, why should a country c ...
The Argentine Monetary and Financial Policies and the Crisis
... general. When a central bank controls the short-term interest rate (in general, the nominal interest rate), the purpose is to influence the real interest rate of the economy through the yield curve and to influence the economic activity across the cycle with the final objective of stabilizing the le ...
... general. When a central bank controls the short-term interest rate (in general, the nominal interest rate), the purpose is to influence the real interest rate of the economy through the yield curve and to influence the economic activity across the cycle with the final objective of stabilizing the le ...
S01070561_en.pdf
... with this, the level of perceived risk increases for potential lenders, as well as for current lenders who have to decide to renew (or not to renew) their credits. In addition to these endogenous factors, there are often external shocks (for instance, a rise in external interest rates, international ...
... with this, the level of perceived risk increases for potential lenders, as well as for current lenders who have to decide to renew (or not to renew) their credits. In addition to these endogenous factors, there are often external shocks (for instance, a rise in external interest rates, international ...
PDF
... the nominal rates of protection would suggest. For example, the values of oo for Chile and Argentina indicate that a uniform tariff on imports of 20 per cent- which is not high by LDC standards- represents an implicit tax on exports of approximately 10 per cent. If exports are taxed directly, say at ...
... the nominal rates of protection would suggest. For example, the values of oo for Chile and Argentina indicate that a uniform tariff on imports of 20 per cent- which is not high by LDC standards- represents an implicit tax on exports of approximately 10 per cent. If exports are taxed directly, say at ...
Germersheim Distribution Center Opens in Germany
... Germersheim adds flexibility and reduces replenishment costs – savings that will ultimately result in additional support of military communities around the world. Since the 1960s, merchandise was shipped to Exchanges across Europe and the Middle East from the Giessen Distribution Center. Logistic le ...
... Germersheim adds flexibility and reduces replenishment costs – savings that will ultimately result in additional support of military communities around the world. Since the 1960s, merchandise was shipped to Exchanges across Europe and the Middle East from the Giessen Distribution Center. Logistic le ...
News release Date 10 January 2011 Contact Androulla Aristidou
... Source: PwC model estimates (see Table 3 in full report for all estimated E7 vs G7 overtaking dates up to 2050) The most significant increase in its share of world GDP is actually projected for India rather than China. In 2009 India’s share of world GDP measured at MERs was just 2%. By 2050 this sha ...
... Source: PwC model estimates (see Table 3 in full report for all estimated E7 vs G7 overtaking dates up to 2050) The most significant increase in its share of world GDP is actually projected for India rather than China. In 2009 India’s share of world GDP measured at MERs was just 2%. By 2050 this sha ...
Press Release - TheNewsMarket
... “At the same time, rapid growth in consumer markets in the major emerging economies associated with a fast growing middle class, will provide great new opportunities for Western companies that can establish themselves in these markets. This applies not least to the UK, which currently sells only ar ...
... “At the same time, rapid growth in consumer markets in the major emerging economies associated with a fast growing middle class, will provide great new opportunities for Western companies that can establish themselves in these markets. This applies not least to the UK, which currently sells only ar ...
Document
... Financial system in most developing countries is “repressed” by government interventions. This keeps interest rates that domestic banks can offer to savers very low. Motivation for these interventions is a fiscal one: government wants to promote development; but it lacks the direct fiscal ...
... Financial system in most developing countries is “repressed” by government interventions. This keeps interest rates that domestic banks can offer to savers very low. Motivation for these interventions is a fiscal one: government wants to promote development; but it lacks the direct fiscal ...
Prepare accounting entries relating to foreign currency transactions
... You will have noted in Example 8 that the process for the purchase of a noncurrent asset is similar to the purchase of trading goods. The exception is if the asset has to be constructed overseas and is deemed to be a qualifying asset. Exchange rate differences will form part of the cost of the asset ...
... You will have noted in Example 8 that the process for the purchase of a noncurrent asset is similar to the purchase of trading goods. The exception is if the asset has to be constructed overseas and is deemed to be a qualifying asset. Exchange rate differences will form part of the cost of the asset ...
Political Economy in Macroeconomics
... depreciation. The real exchange rate implications of high inflation thus change the governments' incentives to inflate. One interesting aspect of the analysis is that it gives a specific real-world structure to the question of institutional commitment first raised in Chapter 5. The specific structur ...
... depreciation. The real exchange rate implications of high inflation thus change the governments' incentives to inflate. One interesting aspect of the analysis is that it gives a specific real-world structure to the question of institutional commitment first raised in Chapter 5. The specific structur ...
FINANCIAL MARKETS
... Fiat/Legal Tender – money that has value because a government fiat, or order, has established it as acceptable for payment of debts. Medium of Exchange – use of money in exchange for goods or services. Unit of Accounting – use of money as a yardstick for comparing the values of goods and services in ...
... Fiat/Legal Tender – money that has value because a government fiat, or order, has established it as acceptable for payment of debts. Medium of Exchange – use of money in exchange for goods or services. Unit of Accounting – use of money as a yardstick for comparing the values of goods and services in ...
Banking on Baghdad: Financial Change in Postwar Iraq
... Unfortunately, at the present time these markets are either non-existent or extremely underdeveloped. In early 2004: 1. There was no primary market in Iraq for government debt. Uncertainty surrounded the small secondary market in debt issued by the Hussein government. That debt may become worthless ...
... Unfortunately, at the present time these markets are either non-existent or extremely underdeveloped. In early 2004: 1. There was no primary market in Iraq for government debt. Uncertainty surrounded the small secondary market in debt issued by the Hussein government. That debt may become worthless ...
Do High Interest Rates Stem Capital Outflows?
... maintenance ofhigh domestic interest rates to stem capital outflows. Although countries which follow this advice are rewarded by the international community with financial assistance intended to further buttress investor confidence, the contractionary effects of these policy prescriptions can be bit ...
... maintenance ofhigh domestic interest rates to stem capital outflows. Although countries which follow this advice are rewarded by the international community with financial assistance intended to further buttress investor confidence, the contractionary effects of these policy prescriptions can be bit ...
What is unique about this crisis? Financial collapse
... Large fiscal stimulus of big economies, especially US and China, ...
... Large fiscal stimulus of big economies, especially US and China, ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CAPITAL CONTROLS, THE DUAL EXCHANGE RATE, AND Maurice Obstfeld
... the aggregate real money stock is predetermined. Devaluation, by instantaneously reducing real balances, leads to a flow excess demand for money, a temporary balance—of—payments surplus, but no change in the economy's ...
... the aggregate real money stock is predetermined. Devaluation, by instantaneously reducing real balances, leads to a flow excess demand for money, a temporary balance—of—payments surplus, but no change in the economy's ...
JEL Classification: C22, D42, D43 JEL Classification: Q18, Q58, R11
... AREA AND CENTRAL-EAST EUROPE COUNTRIES: A STRUCTURAL VAR APPROACH / 79 Abstract: In recent years, financial markets have become increasingly integrated, both domestically and internationally. During past financial crises in emerging market economies it has been observed that spillover does not affec ...
... AREA AND CENTRAL-EAST EUROPE COUNTRIES: A STRUCTURAL VAR APPROACH / 79 Abstract: In recent years, financial markets have become increasingly integrated, both domestically and internationally. During past financial crises in emerging market economies it has been observed that spillover does not affec ...
form of final terms - World Bank Treasury
... relevant market practice, by reference to such additional sources as it deems appropriate; and in such case the Calculation Agent shall notify the Bank and the Global Agent as soon as reasonably practicable that the USD/INR Reference Rate is to be so determined. Rate Fixing Date: The Scheduled Rate ...
... relevant market practice, by reference to such additional sources as it deems appropriate; and in such case the Calculation Agent shall notify the Bank and the Global Agent as soon as reasonably practicable that the USD/INR Reference Rate is to be so determined. Rate Fixing Date: The Scheduled Rate ...
E x c h a n g e ... d e v e l o p e d ...
... Developed countries differ from emerging market economies in several ways. They have a higher per capita income, longestablished institutional structures associated with rules-based democracies, and significant social welfare programmes. Effective governance and regulatory structures have evolved, w ...
... Developed countries differ from emerging market economies in several ways. They have a higher per capita income, longestablished institutional structures associated with rules-based democracies, and significant social welfare programmes. Effective governance and regulatory structures have evolved, w ...