Angola`s Private sector: Rents Distribution and Oligarchy
... prices were frozen at mid-1970s levels, extensive rationing evolved, leading to the growth of parallel market activities from which state functionaries and other well-connected people derived considerable personal profit (by 1990 parallel-market prices were twenty to forty times higher than in the f ...
... prices were frozen at mid-1970s levels, extensive rationing evolved, leading to the growth of parallel market activities from which state functionaries and other well-connected people derived considerable personal profit (by 1990 parallel-market prices were twenty to forty times higher than in the f ...
Unrewarded good fiscal behavior: The role of debt denomination
... Fiscal revenue to GDP GDP Debt to GDP -foreign currency - domestic long term -domestic short term Debt to revenue Debt service to GDP Debt service to revenue ...
... Fiscal revenue to GDP GDP Debt to GDP -foreign currency - domestic long term -domestic short term Debt to revenue Debt service to GDP Debt service to revenue ...
Q&A U U.S. Monetary Policy An Introduction
... stock prices are moving up because fundamentals are changing or because prices are out of line with fundamentals. Even if the Fed suspects that a bubble has developed, it’s not clear how monetary policy should respond. Raising the funds rate by a quarter, a half, or even a full percentage point prob ...
... stock prices are moving up because fundamentals are changing or because prices are out of line with fundamentals. Even if the Fed suspects that a bubble has developed, it’s not clear how monetary policy should respond. Raising the funds rate by a quarter, a half, or even a full percentage point prob ...
International Liquidity and Exchange Rate Dynamics Xavier Gabaix Matteo Maggiori January 19, 2014
... exchange rate can often be the vehicle of transmission of financial shocks to the real economy. Our policy analysis suggests that novel trade-offs emerge when financial markets are disrupted or are less developed overall, and when output is far below its potential so that an exchange rate depreciati ...
... exchange rate can often be the vehicle of transmission of financial shocks to the real economy. Our policy analysis suggests that novel trade-offs emerge when financial markets are disrupted or are less developed overall, and when output is far below its potential so that an exchange rate depreciati ...
PPT Presentation
... response to the nature of capital flows and authorities’ objectives Sterilized intervention can help, but only in the short-term Persistent inflows will cause real appreciation; monetary policy cannot prevent that. Tighter fiscal policy could mitigate aggregate demand and appreciation pressures, but ...
... response to the nature of capital flows and authorities’ objectives Sterilized intervention can help, but only in the short-term Persistent inflows will cause real appreciation; monetary policy cannot prevent that. Tighter fiscal policy could mitigate aggregate demand and appreciation pressures, but ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from
... designed to encourage member states to adopt fiscal policies that imply zero deficits on average and to limit their deficits to three percent of GDP at any point in time. We study the nature of fiscal externalities within an economic community, such as Europe, which lacks explicit rules for fiscal p ...
... designed to encourage member states to adopt fiscal policies that imply zero deficits on average and to limit their deficits to three percent of GDP at any point in time. We study the nature of fiscal externalities within an economic community, such as Europe, which lacks explicit rules for fiscal p ...
The Global Financial Crisis
... Over a five-year period from 1989 to 1994 the managers of hot money poured US$99 billion into Mexico alone. Almost three quarters of this amount went into short-term portfolio investment, that is, purchase of bonds and non-controlling shares. This kind of investment created very few jobs as about ha ...
... Over a five-year period from 1989 to 1994 the managers of hot money poured US$99 billion into Mexico alone. Almost three quarters of this amount went into short-term portfolio investment, that is, purchase of bonds and non-controlling shares. This kind of investment created very few jobs as about ha ...
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Corporate Finance
... payments into payments that vary with a float rate, such as LIBOR. Then, the investor could enter a total return swap, paying LIBOR and receiving the total return from an equity index such as the S&P 500 Index. • The notional principal amount is usually at least $100 million for total return swaps, ...
... payments into payments that vary with a float rate, such as LIBOR. Then, the investor could enter a total return swap, paying LIBOR and receiving the total return from an equity index such as the S&P 500 Index. • The notional principal amount is usually at least $100 million for total return swaps, ...
Problem Set 2
... (D) Any of the above occurs. (E) Either (B) or (C) of the above occurs. (Answer: (D)) 4. You would be more willing to buy AT&T bonds (holding everything else constant) if (A) The brokerage commissions on bond sales become cheaper. (B) Interest rates are expected to rise. (C) You had suffered big los ...
... (D) Any of the above occurs. (E) Either (B) or (C) of the above occurs. (Answer: (D)) 4. You would be more willing to buy AT&T bonds (holding everything else constant) if (A) The brokerage commissions on bond sales become cheaper. (B) Interest rates are expected to rise. (C) You had suffered big los ...
malawi economic recovery plan
... experiencing a steady rise in general price levels from early 2011, reflecting a pass-through effect from increased petroleum pump prices and continued fuel supply disruptions. Consequently, the average annual inflation rate for 2012 has been projected to accelerate to 18.4 per cent. Furthermore, th ...
... experiencing a steady rise in general price levels from early 2011, reflecting a pass-through effect from increased petroleum pump prices and continued fuel supply disruptions. Consequently, the average annual inflation rate for 2012 has been projected to accelerate to 18.4 per cent. Furthermore, th ...
Economics of Transition
... presented in May 1990, was designed to be implemented by 1995. In the second version (September 1990) there was not any references to the timing of the implementation. However, it was stated, that "living standards [because of price deregulation, envisaged in Shatalin's program] will decline by 30% ...
... presented in May 1990, was designed to be implemented by 1995. In the second version (September 1990) there was not any references to the timing of the implementation. However, it was stated, that "living standards [because of price deregulation, envisaged in Shatalin's program] will decline by 30% ...
International Accounting Standard 29
... historical cost approach or a current cost approach, are useful only if they are expressed in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period. As a result, this Standard applies to the financial statements of entities reporting in the currency of a hyperinflationary economy. P ...
... historical cost approach or a current cost approach, are useful only if they are expressed in terms of the measuring unit current at the end of the reporting period. As a result, this Standard applies to the financial statements of entities reporting in the currency of a hyperinflationary economy. P ...
File - The Business
... dividends for shareholders, etc. 3 VAT (9% tourism, 13.5% services 23% products) Low VAT rates mean lower prices of products in shops. This leads to increased sales and profits for companies and keeps them competitive. People can also enjoy a higher standard of living as they can afford more goods a ...
... dividends for shareholders, etc. 3 VAT (9% tourism, 13.5% services 23% products) Low VAT rates mean lower prices of products in shops. This leads to increased sales and profits for companies and keeps them competitive. People can also enjoy a higher standard of living as they can afford more goods a ...
ge07 Egert 4676541 en
... smooth consumption over time, which results in current account deficits in countries with higher growth (potential). The debt increases due to current account deficits in the early years. The accumulation of foreign debt is followed by debt repayment in subsequent periods. While sustainable current ...
... smooth consumption over time, which results in current account deficits in countries with higher growth (potential). The debt increases due to current account deficits in the early years. The accumulation of foreign debt is followed by debt repayment in subsequent periods. While sustainable current ...
What does interconnectedness imply for macroeconomic and
... since the crisis – the capital regulation of globally active banking organizations and the establishment of global standards for financial market infrastructures. The first initiative is designed to ensure that globally active firms have sufficient capital to keep their risk of failure very low. The ...
... since the crisis – the capital regulation of globally active banking organizations and the establishment of global standards for financial market infrastructures. The first initiative is designed to ensure that globally active firms have sufficient capital to keep their risk of failure very low. The ...
Technical Trading-Rule Profitability, Data Snooping, and Reality
... exchange rates and to testing the efficiency of the foreign exchange (FX) market. One strand of such literature examines the profitability of technical trading rules. The central idea underlying this research is that if the FX market is efficient, one should not be able to use publicly available inf ...
... exchange rates and to testing the efficiency of the foreign exchange (FX) market. One strand of such literature examines the profitability of technical trading rules. The central idea underlying this research is that if the FX market is efficient, one should not be able to use publicly available inf ...
External Influences
... central bank: the Bank of England, who issue the banknotes. The base interest rate is the fee the Bank of England charges its customers, usually other banks, for borrowing money. It determines how much extra must be repaid on top of the original sum in a loan. However, customers (including businesse ...
... central bank: the Bank of England, who issue the banknotes. The base interest rate is the fee the Bank of England charges its customers, usually other banks, for borrowing money. It determines how much extra must be repaid on top of the original sum in a loan. However, customers (including businesse ...
Essay Questions
... can be used to alter the level of foreign reserves but not to affect the state of employment and output. B. cannot be used to alter the level of foreign reserves or to affect the state of employment and output. C. can be used to alter the level of foreign reserves and to affect the state of employme ...
... can be used to alter the level of foreign reserves but not to affect the state of employment and output. B. cannot be used to alter the level of foreign reserves or to affect the state of employment and output. C. can be used to alter the level of foreign reserves and to affect the state of employme ...
A small scale macroeconomic Model for Venezuela
... monetary authority in its role of controlling inflation, which requires, among other things, the development of models and indicators that help the decision making process of the monetary authority. Among the variety of models employed in inflation targeting regimes to carry out policy analysis, sma ...
... monetary authority in its role of controlling inflation, which requires, among other things, the development of models and indicators that help the decision making process of the monetary authority. Among the variety of models employed in inflation targeting regimes to carry out policy analysis, sma ...
Local versus Producer Currency Pricing: Evidence from
... volatility. In the case that prices are rigid in the currency of the producer however, import prices respond to changes in the exchange rates. The adoption of a common currency takes away the volatility of the nominal exchange rate. Therefore, after the introduction of the euro there should be a dro ...
... volatility. In the case that prices are rigid in the currency of the producer however, import prices respond to changes in the exchange rates. The adoption of a common currency takes away the volatility of the nominal exchange rate. Therefore, after the introduction of the euro there should be a dro ...
Essay Questions
... can be used to alter the level of foreign reserves but not to affect the state of employment and output. B. cannot be used to alter the level of foreign reserves or to affect the state of employment and output. C. can be used to alter the level of foreign reserves and to affect the state of employme ...
... can be used to alter the level of foreign reserves but not to affect the state of employment and output. B. cannot be used to alter the level of foreign reserves or to affect the state of employment and output. C. can be used to alter the level of foreign reserves and to affect the state of employme ...
Trade Agreements and Alliances (cont`d)
... The money that a country pays for imports and receives for exports—its balance of trade—comprises much of its balance of payments ...
... The money that a country pays for imports and receives for exports—its balance of trade—comprises much of its balance of payments ...
PDF
... effectiveness column indicates that the commodity and financial futures markets are useful risk management tools, since Caisse can reduce between 27 and 87 percent of the risk associated with cocoa and coffee export revenue. These represent substantial reductions in risks. Several observations can b ...
... effectiveness column indicates that the commodity and financial futures markets are useful risk management tools, since Caisse can reduce between 27 and 87 percent of the risk associated with cocoa and coffee export revenue. These represent substantial reductions in risks. Several observations can b ...
Chapter 2
... necessarily improve a trade deficit. ¤ Foreign companies may lower their prices to maintain their competitiveness. ¤ Some other currencies may weaken too. ¤ Many trade transactions are prearranged and cannot be adjusted immediately. This is known as the J-curve effect. ¤ The impact of exchange rate ...
... necessarily improve a trade deficit. ¤ Foreign companies may lower their prices to maintain their competitiveness. ¤ Some other currencies may weaken too. ¤ Many trade transactions are prearranged and cannot be adjusted immediately. This is known as the J-curve effect. ¤ The impact of exchange rate ...