The Olfactory System
... express a family of receptor proteins that bind families of molecules representing the standard taste categories: salt, bitter, sweet, sour and unami (glutamate). The receptor cells activate nerves that project to the medulla. The general chemical sense is transduced by unmyelinated somatosensory af ...
... express a family of receptor proteins that bind families of molecules representing the standard taste categories: salt, bitter, sweet, sour and unami (glutamate). The receptor cells activate nerves that project to the medulla. The general chemical sense is transduced by unmyelinated somatosensory af ...
Dynamics of Spontaneous Activity in Neocortical Slices
... whole-cell recordings from slices not loaded with fura-2 and not imaged (Figure 3A). Some neurons had spontaneous activity after break-in, as evidenced by their repeated firing of APs. We also found that this activity could disappear within a few minutes of whole-cell recording. To prevent this “was ...
... whole-cell recordings from slices not loaded with fura-2 and not imaged (Figure 3A). Some neurons had spontaneous activity after break-in, as evidenced by their repeated firing of APs. We also found that this activity could disappear within a few minutes of whole-cell recording. To prevent this “was ...
Complex Cell-like Direction Selectivity through Spike
... two fronts: (a) studies showing a strong influence of early visual experience on the development of direction selectivity [20, 211, and ( 6 ) recent results suggesting an anatomical asymmetry between excitation and inhibition in direction-selective circuits in primary visual cortex [22]. We first sh ...
... two fronts: (a) studies showing a strong influence of early visual experience on the development of direction selectivity [20, 211, and ( 6 ) recent results suggesting an anatomical asymmetry between excitation and inhibition in direction-selective circuits in primary visual cortex [22]. We first sh ...
The Journal of Neuroscience, June 1, 2003 • 23(11):4657– 4666
... was evident that labeled neurons were confined to a tight column within lamina IX of the L4 and L5 spinal cord levels. At higher magnification (inset to the right), it was observed that presumed gastrocnemius motoneurons had a soma diameter of _40 – 70 _m and extensive dendritic arborizations. B ill ...
... was evident that labeled neurons were confined to a tight column within lamina IX of the L4 and L5 spinal cord levels. At higher magnification (inset to the right), it was observed that presumed gastrocnemius motoneurons had a soma diameter of _40 – 70 _m and extensive dendritic arborizations. B ill ...
Axonal morphometry of hippocampal pyramidal neurons semi
... the richest network of axonal projections in the rodent hippocampus, with collaterals and commissurals projecting bilaterally to both CA3 and CA1 principal cells as well as interneurons (Li et al. 1994; Witter and Amaral 2004). On the one hand, the dense and far-reaching arborization of CA3 pyramida ...
... the richest network of axonal projections in the rodent hippocampus, with collaterals and commissurals projecting bilaterally to both CA3 and CA1 principal cells as well as interneurons (Li et al. 1994; Witter and Amaral 2004). On the one hand, the dense and far-reaching arborization of CA3 pyramida ...
How do dendrites take their shape?
... With their great complexity and variety, dendrites (Fig. 1) are wonders of nature’s design. Built to receive and integrate inputs to neurons, dendrites occupy much of the brain’s volume and have been the subject of studies since the days of Golgi and Cajal1. Over the course of much of the twentieth ...
... With their great complexity and variety, dendrites (Fig. 1) are wonders of nature’s design. Built to receive and integrate inputs to neurons, dendrites occupy much of the brain’s volume and have been the subject of studies since the days of Golgi and Cajal1. Over the course of much of the twentieth ...
Regular Spiking and Intrinsic Bursting Pyramidal Cells
... 0.05) and therefore corresponded in a simple manner with the suprathreshold responses. However, the initial slope of the wPSP was depressed for the deprived whisker response of the IB cells (F(1,1) = 6.7, p < 0.02) without an apparent concomitant change in the suprathreshold response (Figures 4B and ...
... 0.05) and therefore corresponded in a simple manner with the suprathreshold responses. However, the initial slope of the wPSP was depressed for the deprived whisker response of the IB cells (F(1,1) = 6.7, p < 0.02) without an apparent concomitant change in the suprathreshold response (Figures 4B and ...
Common Neurotransmitters: Criteria for Neurotransmitters, Key
... 3.2. Types of Neurotransmitters A neurotransmitter influences trans-membrane ion flow either to increase (excitatory) or to decrease (inhibitory) the probability that the cell with which it comes in contact will produce an action potential. Thus, despite the wide variety of synapses, they all convey ...
... 3.2. Types of Neurotransmitters A neurotransmitter influences trans-membrane ion flow either to increase (excitatory) or to decrease (inhibitory) the probability that the cell with which it comes in contact will produce an action potential. Thus, despite the wide variety of synapses, they all convey ...
Slide 1
... Dendrites conduct information to the soma. A cell may have a few dendrites, many dendrites, or no dendrites. Dendritic Spines are additional contact points on some dendrites that increase the number of synapses possible by a neuron ...
... Dendrites conduct information to the soma. A cell may have a few dendrites, many dendrites, or no dendrites. Dendritic Spines are additional contact points on some dendrites that increase the number of synapses possible by a neuron ...
Synaptic Transmission
... message and can be inhibitory. When they bind to the post-synaptic neuron, they let potassium out instead of sodium in, which makes the neuron even more negative! ...
... message and can be inhibitory. When they bind to the post-synaptic neuron, they let potassium out instead of sodium in, which makes the neuron even more negative! ...
APPLICATION FOR MRC STUDENTSHIPS TO COMMENCE 2009
... associated with distinct diseases. The selective degeneration of SN dopamine neurons causes the movement impairments in Parkinson’s disease. The dysfunction of VTA neurons has been associated with several neurological disorders including ADHD, anxiety, schizophrenia and autism and often these disord ...
... associated with distinct diseases. The selective degeneration of SN dopamine neurons causes the movement impairments in Parkinson’s disease. The dysfunction of VTA neurons has been associated with several neurological disorders including ADHD, anxiety, schizophrenia and autism and often these disord ...
The hidden side of the UPR signalling pathway - Reflexions
... So, to summarise: when Elongator is inactive, cellular stress occurs and the UPR pathway is activated. "However, excessive activation of UPR impairs neurogenesis", Laurent Nguyen reveals. "Stem cells with excess UPR activation will tend towards direct neurogenesis rather than indirect neurogenesis". ...
... So, to summarise: when Elongator is inactive, cellular stress occurs and the UPR pathway is activated. "However, excessive activation of UPR impairs neurogenesis", Laurent Nguyen reveals. "Stem cells with excess UPR activation will tend towards direct neurogenesis rather than indirect neurogenesis". ...
Time constants
... in what relative proportions. It turns out that each population of neurons has multiple types of receptor; in other words, most neurons have both NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors, as well as GABAA and GABAB receptors. Quantitative estimates of receptor distribution are usually studied through t ...
... in what relative proportions. It turns out that each population of neurons has multiple types of receptor; in other words, most neurons have both NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors, as well as GABAA and GABAB receptors. Quantitative estimates of receptor distribution are usually studied through t ...
Complexity in Neuronal Networks
... and computational neuroscience is to bind in a coherent way these different hierarchies of organisation on the basis of experimentally defined descriptors, each of which is endowed with a specific spatio-temporal domain and measurement precision. An issue central to the theme of complexity in biolog ...
... and computational neuroscience is to bind in a coherent way these different hierarchies of organisation on the basis of experimentally defined descriptors, each of which is endowed with a specific spatio-temporal domain and measurement precision. An issue central to the theme of complexity in biolog ...
Supplement: Modulation of Intracortical Synaptic Potentials by
... amplitude and duration of axonal action potentials that is sufficiently large to alter the amplitude of synaptic potentials? Through the investigation of synaptic transmission between pairs of layer 5 pyramidal cells maintained in slices in vitro, we answer all three of these questions. First, we de ...
... amplitude and duration of axonal action potentials that is sufficiently large to alter the amplitude of synaptic potentials? Through the investigation of synaptic transmission between pairs of layer 5 pyramidal cells maintained in slices in vitro, we answer all three of these questions. First, we de ...
Supplement to: Modulation of Intracortical Synaptic Potentials by
... amplitude and duration of axonal action potentials that is sufficiently large to alter the amplitude of synaptic potentials? Through the investigation of synaptic transmission between pairs of layer 5 pyramidal cells maintained in slices in vitro, we answer all three of these questions. First, we de ...
... amplitude and duration of axonal action potentials that is sufficiently large to alter the amplitude of synaptic potentials? Through the investigation of synaptic transmission between pairs of layer 5 pyramidal cells maintained in slices in vitro, we answer all three of these questions. First, we de ...
Fast Network Oscillations in the Hippocampal CA1
... The hippocampal sharp wave reflects depolarization of CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons by the CA3 afferents (Buzsaki et al., 1983). Large-amplitude sharp waves in the stratum radiatum are associated with a fast oscillatory field potential (ripple) at 140 –200 Hz in stratum pyramidale (Buzsaki et ...
... The hippocampal sharp wave reflects depolarization of CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons by the CA3 afferents (Buzsaki et al., 1983). Large-amplitude sharp waves in the stratum radiatum are associated with a fast oscillatory field potential (ripple) at 140 –200 Hz in stratum pyramidale (Buzsaki et ...
Objectives 34
... become smaller; stretch reflex motoneuron responds vigorously exaggerated response of spasticity 2. Denervation supersensitivity develops in post-synaptic receptors on motoneurons, which develop sensitivity to released NT; caused by upregulation of receptors expressed in postsynapse. May occur i ...
... become smaller; stretch reflex motoneuron responds vigorously exaggerated response of spasticity 2. Denervation supersensitivity develops in post-synaptic receptors on motoneurons, which develop sensitivity to released NT; caused by upregulation of receptors expressed in postsynapse. May occur i ...
Cerebellum_seminar
... different activation levels. The top panel shows the ndividual fields obtained when site A was stimulated at the ower pulse duration (PD) and site B at the higher one, and the actual (site A and B activated simultaneously) and predicted (from linear summation of the forces at each position) fields o ...
... different activation levels. The top panel shows the ndividual fields obtained when site A was stimulated at the ower pulse duration (PD) and site B at the higher one, and the actual (site A and B activated simultaneously) and predicted (from linear summation of the forces at each position) fields o ...
From view cells and place cells to cognitive map learning
... ``where'' information: the Ph is used to store experienced con®gurations while the place recognition is performed in the EC and the dentate gyrus (DG). The robotic experiments in a simple open area will show that visual information are sucient to build neurons with a very large place ®eld that is u ...
... ``where'' information: the Ph is used to store experienced con®gurations while the place recognition is performed in the EC and the dentate gyrus (DG). The robotic experiments in a simple open area will show that visual information are sucient to build neurons with a very large place ®eld that is u ...
Basal Ganglia
... The basal ganglia are a collection of interconnected areas deep below the cerebral cortex. They receive information from the frontal cortex about behavior that is being planned for a particular situation. In turn, the basal ganglia affect activity in the frontal cortex through a series of neural pr ...
... The basal ganglia are a collection of interconnected areas deep below the cerebral cortex. They receive information from the frontal cortex about behavior that is being planned for a particular situation. In turn, the basal ganglia affect activity in the frontal cortex through a series of neural pr ...
Finally, the peak firing rate within any one place field of a single cell
... formation and cannot be performed by other multimodal associational cortical areas. Two features of the CA3 area, however, clearly distinguish it from other cortical regions. CA3 pyramidal cells receive a prominent excitatory input to their proximal apical dendrites (Ramon y Cajal, 1911; Claiborne e ...
... formation and cannot be performed by other multimodal associational cortical areas. Two features of the CA3 area, however, clearly distinguish it from other cortical regions. CA3 pyramidal cells receive a prominent excitatory input to their proximal apical dendrites (Ramon y Cajal, 1911; Claiborne e ...
29 - IWS2.collin.edu
... Slender processes of uniform diameter arising from the hillock Long axons are called nerve fibers Usually there is only one unbranched axon per neuron Axon collaterals Telodendria Axonal terminal or synaptic knobs ...
... Slender processes of uniform diameter arising from the hillock Long axons are called nerve fibers Usually there is only one unbranched axon per neuron Axon collaterals Telodendria Axonal terminal or synaptic knobs ...
the cerebellum - krigolson teaching
... and Golgi cells in terms of negative or positive Figure 15.8 In response to a single excitatory stimulus, a Purkinje cell may generate either a single action potential (a simple spike; in response to a mossy fiber input) or a larger action potential followed by a few smaller ones (a complex spike; i ...
... and Golgi cells in terms of negative or positive Figure 15.8 In response to a single excitatory stimulus, a Purkinje cell may generate either a single action potential (a simple spike; in response to a mossy fiber input) or a larger action potential followed by a few smaller ones (a complex spike; i ...
Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... rays coming off of the sun. Dendrites receive nerve impulses from other cells. Axons pass the nerve impulses on to other cells. A single neuron may have thousands of dendrites, so it can communicate with thousands of other cells but only one axon. The axon is covered with a myelin sheath, a fatty la ...
... rays coming off of the sun. Dendrites receive nerve impulses from other cells. Axons pass the nerve impulses on to other cells. A single neuron may have thousands of dendrites, so it can communicate with thousands of other cells but only one axon. The axon is covered with a myelin sheath, a fatty la ...