Cloning and PCR File
... 2. Annealing involves cooling the single strands of DNA and mixing them with short DNA segments called primers. Primers have base sequences that are complementary to segments of the single DNA strands. As a result, bonds form between the DNA strands and primers. 3. Extension occurs when an enzyme (T ...
... 2. Annealing involves cooling the single strands of DNA and mixing them with short DNA segments called primers. Primers have base sequences that are complementary to segments of the single DNA strands. As a result, bonds form between the DNA strands and primers. 3. Extension occurs when an enzyme (T ...
Review Answers
... Which is the correct order of events during the production of proteins? a. A DNA sequence is transcribed into an amino acid sequence, which is used to make messenger RNA. b. A DNA sequence is copied into messenger RNA, which is translated into an amino acid sequence c. Messenger RNA is used to make ...
... Which is the correct order of events during the production of proteins? a. A DNA sequence is transcribed into an amino acid sequence, which is used to make messenger RNA. b. A DNA sequence is copied into messenger RNA, which is translated into an amino acid sequence c. Messenger RNA is used to make ...
Chapter 24
... and cytosine, while RNA substitutes uracil for thymine. You aren’t responsible for the structures of the individual bases, but you should remember which bases are associated with which nucleic acid. The base always attaches at the aldol carbon. You should know the difference between ribose and deox ...
... and cytosine, while RNA substitutes uracil for thymine. You aren’t responsible for the structures of the individual bases, but you should remember which bases are associated with which nucleic acid. The base always attaches at the aldol carbon. You should know the difference between ribose and deox ...
Molecular Genetics Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice
... a. Both are double-stranded. b. the presence of uracil c. the presence of an OH group on the 2' carbon of the sugar d. nucleotides consisting of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base e. Both are found exclusively in the nucleus. Using RNA as a template for protein synthesis instead of translating ...
... a. Both are double-stranded. b. the presence of uracil c. the presence of an OH group on the 2' carbon of the sugar d. nucleotides consisting of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base e. Both are found exclusively in the nucleus. Using RNA as a template for protein synthesis instead of translating ...
Lecture 16 - DNA, RNA, and Heredity
... The sequence of base pairs codes for protein building by mapping to specific amino acids. Proteins are chains of amino acids. Three base-pair “words” code for specific amino acids, or instructions like “start” and “stop” (ends of the protein chain). The string of words specifies the sequence of amin ...
... The sequence of base pairs codes for protein building by mapping to specific amino acids. Proteins are chains of amino acids. Three base-pair “words” code for specific amino acids, or instructions like “start” and “stop” (ends of the protein chain). The string of words specifies the sequence of amin ...
Name Date Period BioTechnology: Web Quest Part 1
... Go to http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbioac/genetics/Electro.htm Read the introduction and the 3 main points of gel electrophoresis. Run the animations. 1. The DNA is being cut into fragments by __________________________________ 2. Where are the fragments transferred? ______________________ ...
... Go to http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbioac/genetics/Electro.htm Read the introduction and the 3 main points of gel electrophoresis. Run the animations. 1. The DNA is being cut into fragments by __________________________________ 2. Where are the fragments transferred? ______________________ ...
and Post-assessment multiple choice questions
... 9. In gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move toward the __________ electrode because they have an overall __________ charge. A. negative, negative B. positive, positive C. negative, positive D. positive, negative E. negative and positive, neutral 10. If all the following DNA fragments were analyzed ...
... 9. In gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move toward the __________ electrode because they have an overall __________ charge. A. negative, negative B. positive, positive C. negative, positive D. positive, negative E. negative and positive, neutral 10. If all the following DNA fragments were analyzed ...
8.2 All Genetic Information Is Encoded in the Structure of DNA
... THE STRUCTURE OF DNA OR RNA • DNA As the Source of Genetic Information • Watson and Crick’s discovery of the three-dimensional structure of DNA • X-ray diffraction image of DNA ...
... THE STRUCTURE OF DNA OR RNA • DNA As the Source of Genetic Information • Watson and Crick’s discovery of the three-dimensional structure of DNA • X-ray diffraction image of DNA ...
Lecture 6 Quiz
... 4. Which of the correct functions defined in the previous exercise is the fastest? Hint. You will need to generate a very large string to test them on, and the function clock() from the time module to time each function. ...
... 4. Which of the correct functions defined in the previous exercise is the fastest? Hint. You will need to generate a very large string to test them on, and the function clock() from the time module to time each function. ...
The History of DNA WebQuest
... • The discoveries and research that led to the realization that DNA was the genetic material. • The scientists who were involved in discovering the structure of DNA. ...
... • The discoveries and research that led to the realization that DNA was the genetic material. • The scientists who were involved in discovering the structure of DNA. ...
Directed Reading A
... 7. Applying Concepts What would the complementary strand of DNA be for the sequence of bases below? ...
... 7. Applying Concepts What would the complementary strand of DNA be for the sequence of bases below? ...
Biology 12 Daily Notes - Mrs. Kennedy`s Biology 12 Site!
... 2. Base-pair "rungs" of ladder 3. Nucleotides attached to S-P molecules 4. Strands antiparallel (run in opposite directions, 5'-->3') 5. Each base-pair "rung" has a purine (A or G) and pyrimidine (C or T) 6. Strands held together by hydrogen bonds between nucleotides 7. Chemical structures of nucleo ...
... 2. Base-pair "rungs" of ladder 3. Nucleotides attached to S-P molecules 4. Strands antiparallel (run in opposite directions, 5'-->3') 5. Each base-pair "rung" has a purine (A or G) and pyrimidine (C or T) 6. Strands held together by hydrogen bonds between nucleotides 7. Chemical structures of nucleo ...
DNA Replication: Seeing Double
... 0 The strand that DNA Polymerase II attaches to is called the ...
... 0 The strand that DNA Polymerase II attaches to is called the ...
How hair can reveal a history
... statistics. Analysts focus on 13 or more places in the genome, called loci, where humans are extraordinarily diverse. Each locus contains a “short tandem repeat,” a bit of DNA that is repeated multiple times. The exact number of repeats at each locus varies from person to person and can range anywhe ...
... statistics. Analysts focus on 13 or more places in the genome, called loci, where humans are extraordinarily diverse. Each locus contains a “short tandem repeat,” a bit of DNA that is repeated multiple times. The exact number of repeats at each locus varies from person to person and can range anywhe ...
DNA Webquest - Fredericksburg City Schools
... On the menu at the right click on Molecules of Genetics tab and then number 27, “Mutations are changes in genetic information”. Read the text and answer the following questions. 1. DNA differences results from a mutation of what 3 possibilities? 2. In humans, where do the majority of mutations occur ...
... On the menu at the right click on Molecules of Genetics tab and then number 27, “Mutations are changes in genetic information”. Read the text and answer the following questions. 1. DNA differences results from a mutation of what 3 possibilities? 2. In humans, where do the majority of mutations occur ...
Gel Electophoresis: Forensic Plasmid DNA identification
... scientist are needed to match 4 pts. Introduction. 10 pts. Use the reading and your book (18.11) for reference materials explaining electrophoresis. In your introduction, include in text citations with authors name indicating where this information came from. Example (Anderson, 1990) Using complete ...
... scientist are needed to match 4 pts. Introduction. 10 pts. Use the reading and your book (18.11) for reference materials explaining electrophoresis. In your introduction, include in text citations with authors name indicating where this information came from. Example (Anderson, 1990) Using complete ...
Ch. 14. Mutations and Repair
... pyrimidine dimers, namely CPD's (cyclobutane-pyrimidine-dimers) and 64PP's (pyrimidine-6-4-pyrimidone photoproducts). The normal repair process entails nucleotide excision. The damage is excised by endonucleases, then the gap is filled by a DNA polymerase and "sealed" by a ligase. ...
... pyrimidine dimers, namely CPD's (cyclobutane-pyrimidine-dimers) and 64PP's (pyrimidine-6-4-pyrimidone photoproducts). The normal repair process entails nucleotide excision. The damage is excised by endonucleases, then the gap is filled by a DNA polymerase and "sealed" by a ligase. ...
PowerPoint Presentation - No Slide Title
... The restriction-fragment length experiment we looked at before could use PCR instead of a radioactive probe. If we amplify large quantities of the region of interest from a small amount of genomic DNA, and then do the restriction digest, the fragments we are interested in will be the only ones on t ...
... The restriction-fragment length experiment we looked at before could use PCR instead of a radioactive probe. If we amplify large quantities of the region of interest from a small amount of genomic DNA, and then do the restriction digest, the fragments we are interested in will be the only ones on t ...
Clike here - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites
... The restriction-fragment length experiment we looked at before could use PCR instead of a radioactive probe. If we amplify large quantities of the region of interest from a small amount of genomic DNA, and then do the restriction digest, the fragments we are interested in will be the only ones on t ...
... The restriction-fragment length experiment we looked at before could use PCR instead of a radioactive probe. If we amplify large quantities of the region of interest from a small amount of genomic DNA, and then do the restriction digest, the fragments we are interested in will be the only ones on t ...
Chapter 13
... • Consider the formula on page 406 for probability of finding a particular fragment in N clones • Suppose you seek a 99% probability of finding a given fragment in N clones of 10 kbp fragments • If your library is from the human genome, you would need 1,400,000 clones to reach 99% probability of fin ...
... • Consider the formula on page 406 for probability of finding a particular fragment in N clones • Suppose you seek a 99% probability of finding a given fragment in N clones of 10 kbp fragments • If your library is from the human genome, you would need 1,400,000 clones to reach 99% probability of fin ...
Chapter 10 Nucleic Acids and Protein synthesis
... DNA = DeoxyriboNucleic Acid – stores and transmits the genetic information that tells cells which proteins to make and when to make them. DNA is made up of 2 long chains of NUCLEOTIDES. Nucleotide = Sugar (deoxyribose) + Phosphate + Nitrogen Base. See fig. 10-1 on pg. 185. 4 Nitrogen Bases ...
... DNA = DeoxyriboNucleic Acid – stores and transmits the genetic information that tells cells which proteins to make and when to make them. DNA is made up of 2 long chains of NUCLEOTIDES. Nucleotide = Sugar (deoxyribose) + Phosphate + Nitrogen Base. See fig. 10-1 on pg. 185. 4 Nitrogen Bases ...
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
... ______________ and ________________ Guanine, Cytosine ________________ Adenine , Uracil in RNA ...
... ______________ and ________________ Guanine, Cytosine ________________ Adenine , Uracil in RNA ...
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (/diˌɒksiˌraɪbɵ.njuːˌkleɪ.ɨk ˈæsɪd/; DNA) is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA is a nucleic acid; alongside proteins and carbohydrates, nucleic acids compose the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides since they are composed of simpler units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogen-containing nucleobase—either cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), or thymine (T)—as well as a monosaccharide sugar called deoxyribose and a phosphate group. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. According to base pairing rules (A with T, and C with G), hydrogen bonds bind the nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands to make double-stranded DNA. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).DNA stores biological information. The DNA backbone is resistant to cleavage, and both strands of the double-stranded structure store the same biological information. Biological information is replicated as the two strands are separated. A significant portion of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences.The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of nucleobases (informally, bases). It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes biological information. Under the genetic code, RNA strands are translated to specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins. These RNA strands are initially created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription.Within cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. During cell division these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed.First isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 and with its molecular structure first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, DNA is used by researchers as a molecular tool to explore physical laws and theories, such as the ergodic theorem and the theory of elasticity. The unique material properties of DNA have made it an attractive molecule for material scientists and engineers interested in micro- and nano-fabrication. Among notable advances in this field are DNA origami and DNA-based hybrid materials.The obsolete synonym ""desoxyribonucleic acid"" may occasionally be encountered, for example, in pre-1953 genetics.