Replication is when DNA
... A. What type of molecule causes the above to occur? (Hint: it’s name is Helicase) ______________________________ B. Where in the cell is replication occurring (Hint: look at the diagram that says you are here)? _______________ SO WHAT HAPPENED? In the light blue box that appears to the right you wil ...
... A. What type of molecule causes the above to occur? (Hint: it’s name is Helicase) ______________________________ B. Where in the cell is replication occurring (Hint: look at the diagram that says you are here)? _______________ SO WHAT HAPPENED? In the light blue box that appears to the right you wil ...
Nucleic Acids notes
... Transcription - synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) using DNA as a template occurs in the nucleus, 1st step in protein synthesis DNA section to be transcribed is unwound only 1 strand of DNA is used as a template (template strand) the mRNA produced is complementary to the template strand but identical ...
... Transcription - synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) using DNA as a template occurs in the nucleus, 1st step in protein synthesis DNA section to be transcribed is unwound only 1 strand of DNA is used as a template (template strand) the mRNA produced is complementary to the template strand but identical ...
BA13.00
... What is a DNA? • A nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA. • DNA consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or ...
... What is a DNA? • A nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA. • DNA consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or ...
Homologous Recombination DNA break repair by homologous
... Site-specific recombination Protein-DNA recognition at sites with a specific sequence The two sites ‘synapse’ then all four strands are cut in series to exchange the original ends for recombinant ends. Performed by a tetramer of a site-specific recombinase. The enzyme active site tyrosine forms a c ...
... Site-specific recombination Protein-DNA recognition at sites with a specific sequence The two sites ‘synapse’ then all four strands are cut in series to exchange the original ends for recombinant ends. Performed by a tetramer of a site-specific recombinase. The enzyme active site tyrosine forms a c ...
DNA, restriction enzymes
... Only DNA forms stable double-stranded structures, allowing complementary (redundant) information storage, which is required for high fidelity transmission of genetic information. ...
... Only DNA forms stable double-stranded structures, allowing complementary (redundant) information storage, which is required for high fidelity transmission of genetic information. ...
The Only Way To Prove Macroevolution Is True
... Remember, microevolution cannot increase the size of DNA, nor can it create ANY new genetic material (such as a new gene), by definition. Thus, because all of Mr. Dawkins examples are from microevolution, then the DNA structure of the "first living cell" would also be the DNA structure of human DNA! ...
... Remember, microevolution cannot increase the size of DNA, nor can it create ANY new genetic material (such as a new gene), by definition. Thus, because all of Mr. Dawkins examples are from microevolution, then the DNA structure of the "first living cell" would also be the DNA structure of human DNA! ...
Biology 321 Spring 2011 Answers to Assignment Set #5
... c. mRNA is written and translated 5’ 3’ d. protein is synthesized from N-terminal to C-terminal 14B: e. 15: a. nucleoside = nucleotide without a phosphate b. 1. carbonyl 2. pyrimidine 3. hydroxyl 4. modified deoxyribose 16. DNA consists of two polymers; adenine base-pairs with thymine and guanine w ...
... c. mRNA is written and translated 5’ 3’ d. protein is synthesized from N-terminal to C-terminal 14B: e. 15: a. nucleoside = nucleotide without a phosphate b. 1. carbonyl 2. pyrimidine 3. hydroxyl 4. modified deoxyribose 16. DNA consists of two polymers; adenine base-pairs with thymine and guanine w ...
Section 8.1 Power point
... 8.1 Identifying DNA as the Genetic Material Historical timeline of discovering DNA 1875 - 1953 • Although Gregor Mendel’s experiments with pea plants in the 1870’s led to the the new science of genetics, he was never able to answer an important question – “What are the “factors” that control heredi ...
... 8.1 Identifying DNA as the Genetic Material Historical timeline of discovering DNA 1875 - 1953 • Although Gregor Mendel’s experiments with pea plants in the 1870’s led to the the new science of genetics, he was never able to answer an important question – “What are the “factors” that control heredi ...
Chapter 24 PPT
... – Before replication begins, the two strands of the parent molecule are hydrogen-bonded together – Enzyme DNA helicase unwinds and “unzips” the doublestranded DNA – New complementary DNA nucleotides fit into place along divided strands by complementary base pairing. These are positioned and joined b ...
... – Before replication begins, the two strands of the parent molecule are hydrogen-bonded together – Enzyme DNA helicase unwinds and “unzips” the doublestranded DNA – New complementary DNA nucleotides fit into place along divided strands by complementary base pairing. These are positioned and joined b ...
Lecture
... Case 1: Screening for the sickle-cell gene Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder in which both genes in the patient encode the amino acid valine (Val) in the sixth position of the beta chain (betaS) of the hemoglobin molecule. "Normal" beta chains (betaA) have glutamic acid at this position. The ...
... Case 1: Screening for the sickle-cell gene Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder in which both genes in the patient encode the amino acid valine (Val) in the sixth position of the beta chain (betaS) of the hemoglobin molecule. "Normal" beta chains (betaA) have glutamic acid at this position. The ...
Restriction Digestion and Analysis of Lambda DNA
... sequence information from which one can obtain useful biological information. Almost routinely, data from DNA sequence analysis is submitted to Data bank searches using the World Wide Web (WWW) yo identify genes and gene products. For sequence analysis, four separate enzymatic reactions are performe ...
... sequence information from which one can obtain useful biological information. Almost routinely, data from DNA sequence analysis is submitted to Data bank searches using the World Wide Web (WWW) yo identify genes and gene products. For sequence analysis, four separate enzymatic reactions are performe ...
Exam3-1406_Spring'06.doc
... 27) The number of consecutive mRNA bases needed to specify an amino acid is A) 3. B) 4. C) 20. D) 64. E) a variable number. 28) The number of different possible codons is A) 3. B) 4. C) 20. D) 64. E) unknown 29) If the sequence of bases in a section of DNA is TAGGCTAA, what is the corresponding sequ ...
... 27) The number of consecutive mRNA bases needed to specify an amino acid is A) 3. B) 4. C) 20. D) 64. E) a variable number. 28) The number of different possible codons is A) 3. B) 4. C) 20. D) 64. E) unknown 29) If the sequence of bases in a section of DNA is TAGGCTAA, what is the corresponding sequ ...
DNA Base Pairing Activity
... a. If this is a group of students that are somewhat unfamiliar with each other, you could also use this as an ice‐breaking activity. Have them introduce themselves to their pair partner and tell them something interesting about themselves. b. If there is an uneven number of students, at the end y ...
... a. If this is a group of students that are somewhat unfamiliar with each other, you could also use this as an ice‐breaking activity. Have them introduce themselves to their pair partner and tell them something interesting about themselves. b. If there is an uneven number of students, at the end y ...
Name: Chem 465 Biochemistry II - Test 3
... from the upper left hand corner. Label this ‘1' where it comes out on the upper right hand corner, label it ‘2'. Now loop this DNA around so it comes in on the lower left, and label this ‘3', and where the DNA come out on the lower right ‘4'. Next go through the recombination as written. When recomb ...
... from the upper left hand corner. Label this ‘1' where it comes out on the upper right hand corner, label it ‘2'. Now loop this DNA around so it comes in on the lower left, and label this ‘3', and where the DNA come out on the lower right ‘4'. Next go through the recombination as written. When recomb ...
11-GeneTech
... 17. For the diagram to the right: A. Label the ends of the gel that have the smaller and larger fragments. B. Label the ends of the gel that would represent the 3’ and 5’ ends of the DNA fragments. C. Determine the DNA sequence in the 5’ to 3’ direction ...
... 17. For the diagram to the right: A. Label the ends of the gel that have the smaller and larger fragments. B. Label the ends of the gel that would represent the 3’ and 5’ ends of the DNA fragments. C. Determine the DNA sequence in the 5’ to 3’ direction ...
Examination IV Key
... 400, 500, and 600 bp long, for a total exon length of 2100 bp. If the transcript is alternatively spliced such that exons 2 and 5 are optionally retained or removed, and these alternative splicings occur independently (i.e., the two alternative splicings are not correlated with each other), then the ...
... 400, 500, and 600 bp long, for a total exon length of 2100 bp. If the transcript is alternatively spliced such that exons 2 and 5 are optionally retained or removed, and these alternative splicings occur independently (i.e., the two alternative splicings are not correlated with each other), then the ...
Mutations - TeacherWeb
... What do mutations do to the protein? Are they all bad or all good? The genes in your DNA code for a specific ____________________. The ____________ and ____________ of amino acids will determine the ___________ and _________________ of the protein. The DNA sequence below codes for a protein called ...
... What do mutations do to the protein? Are they all bad or all good? The genes in your DNA code for a specific ____________________. The ____________ and ____________ of amino acids will determine the ___________ and _________________ of the protein. The DNA sequence below codes for a protein called ...
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS – CHAPTER 10
... dead virulent bacteria with a living but non-virulent strain of the same bacteria to demonstrate that DNA and NOT protein or any other cellular component was able to change the non-virulent living bacteria to the virulent form. This process of absorbing DNA from outside the cell is called transforma ...
... dead virulent bacteria with a living but non-virulent strain of the same bacteria to demonstrate that DNA and NOT protein or any other cellular component was able to change the non-virulent living bacteria to the virulent form. This process of absorbing DNA from outside the cell is called transforma ...
Designing Molecular Machines·
... Thirty years later, we read this paper and realized that if the th ird strand was lying on the steps of a normal, two-stranded piece of DNA like a carpet runner o n a stai rcase, then we might be able to read a sing le site within a large piece of double-helical ON A by creating a sho rr piece of DN ...
... Thirty years later, we read this paper and realized that if the th ird strand was lying on the steps of a normal, two-stranded piece of DNA like a carpet runner o n a stai rcase, then we might be able to read a sing le site within a large piece of double-helical ON A by creating a sho rr piece of DN ...
Answers chapter 9
... mutations appear too frequently and the cost of having too little genetic diversity. As most mutations are either neutral or deleterious, a high mutation rate will prove damaging to individuals (for example, producing cancer when mutations arise in somatic tissues) and their ability to have viable o ...
... mutations appear too frequently and the cost of having too little genetic diversity. As most mutations are either neutral or deleterious, a high mutation rate will prove damaging to individuals (for example, producing cancer when mutations arise in somatic tissues) and their ability to have viable o ...
Amgen Lab 8
... Genetics is the study of heredity: How biological information is transferred from one generation to the next as well as how that information is expressed within an organism. ...
... Genetics is the study of heredity: How biological information is transferred from one generation to the next as well as how that information is expressed within an organism. ...
LS DNA, Heredity and Genetics Booklet PP
... Genes are sections of chromosomes that carry information for a specific physical trait (height or eye color). DNA is the molecule that makes up genes (deoxyribonucleic acid). ...
... Genes are sections of chromosomes that carry information for a specific physical trait (height or eye color). DNA is the molecule that makes up genes (deoxyribonucleic acid). ...
Chapter 24: Genes and Chromosomes
... Describe a current hypothesis to explain the presence of functional DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Ans: These organelles are thought to have originated from aerobic bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria, which took up endosymbiotic residence within primitive eukaryotic cells. The DNA molecules ...
... Describe a current hypothesis to explain the presence of functional DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Ans: These organelles are thought to have originated from aerobic bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria, which took up endosymbiotic residence within primitive eukaryotic cells. The DNA molecules ...
Word Work File L_2.tmp
... 5. The backbone of each single DNA chain is formed by alternating deoxyribose and phosphate groups joined by phosphodiester linkages. 6. Each phosphate group is linked to the 5’ carbon of one deoxyribose and to the 3’ carbon of the other deoxyribose. 7. Hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymin ...
... 5. The backbone of each single DNA chain is formed by alternating deoxyribose and phosphate groups joined by phosphodiester linkages. 6. Each phosphate group is linked to the 5’ carbon of one deoxyribose and to the 3’ carbon of the other deoxyribose. 7. Hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymin ...
Lec. 2 - DNA replication 1
... Then, Pol I degrades the RNA part with its 5’-3’ exonuclease activity, and replaces it with DNA. Pol I is not highly processive, so stops before going far. ...
... Then, Pol I degrades the RNA part with its 5’-3’ exonuclease activity, and replaces it with DNA. Pol I is not highly processive, so stops before going far. ...
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (/diˌɒksiˌraɪbɵ.njuːˌkleɪ.ɨk ˈæsɪd/; DNA) is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA is a nucleic acid; alongside proteins and carbohydrates, nucleic acids compose the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides since they are composed of simpler units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogen-containing nucleobase—either cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), or thymine (T)—as well as a monosaccharide sugar called deoxyribose and a phosphate group. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. According to base pairing rules (A with T, and C with G), hydrogen bonds bind the nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands to make double-stranded DNA. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).DNA stores biological information. The DNA backbone is resistant to cleavage, and both strands of the double-stranded structure store the same biological information. Biological information is replicated as the two strands are separated. A significant portion of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences.The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of nucleobases (informally, bases). It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes biological information. Under the genetic code, RNA strands are translated to specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins. These RNA strands are initially created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription.Within cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. During cell division these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed.First isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 and with its molecular structure first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, DNA is used by researchers as a molecular tool to explore physical laws and theories, such as the ergodic theorem and the theory of elasticity. The unique material properties of DNA have made it an attractive molecule for material scientists and engineers interested in micro- and nano-fabrication. Among notable advances in this field are DNA origami and DNA-based hybrid materials.The obsolete synonym ""desoxyribonucleic acid"" may occasionally be encountered, for example, in pre-1953 genetics.