Point Mutation Detection
... is extracted and the DNA is visualized and/or prepared for subsequent analysis by a number of techniques including restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and Southern blotting, DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or DNA sequence analysis. RFLP and Southern Blot Anal ...
... is extracted and the DNA is visualized and/or prepared for subsequent analysis by a number of techniques including restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and Southern blotting, DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or DNA sequence analysis. RFLP and Southern Blot Anal ...
Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Life
... One crucial piece of evidence came from X-ray crystallography. A purified substance can be made to form crystals; the pattern of diffraction of X rays passed through the crystallized substance shows position of atoms. ...
... One crucial piece of evidence came from X-ray crystallography. A purified substance can be made to form crystals; the pattern of diffraction of X rays passed through the crystallized substance shows position of atoms. ...
No Slide Title
... the exons they fall between. Many introns code for small nuclear RNAs (snoRNAs). These accumulate in the nucleolus, and may play a role in ribosome assembly. Thus the introns cut out of premRNA, may play a role in producing, or regulating production of machinery to translate the mRNA’s code 3' Untra ...
... the exons they fall between. Many introns code for small nuclear RNAs (snoRNAs). These accumulate in the nucleolus, and may play a role in ribosome assembly. Thus the introns cut out of premRNA, may play a role in producing, or regulating production of machinery to translate the mRNA’s code 3' Untra ...
2013-zasca-115
... the quantity of DNA, alleles not detected in a less enriched sample of DNA may be indicated as a peak in the more enriched sample thereof. Therefore a hint of DNA in a less enriched sample, if it represents DNA, should constitute a peak in the more enriched sample. A more enriched sample in this con ...
... the quantity of DNA, alleles not detected in a less enriched sample of DNA may be indicated as a peak in the more enriched sample thereof. Therefore a hint of DNA in a less enriched sample, if it represents DNA, should constitute a peak in the more enriched sample. A more enriched sample in this con ...
Chromosome Structure
... RNAs of varying lengths found in the nucleus. Approximately 25 % of the hnRNA is pre-mRNA that is being processed, the source and role of the remainder is unknown. ...
... RNAs of varying lengths found in the nucleus. Approximately 25 % of the hnRNA is pre-mRNA that is being processed, the source and role of the remainder is unknown. ...
Recombinant DNA Technology
... • Also uses chain terminator nucleotides: dideoxy nucleotides (ddNTPs), which lack the -OH group on the 3' carbon of the deoxyribose. When DNA polymerase inserts one of these ddNTPs into the growing DNA chain, the chain terminates, as nothing can be added to its 3' end. ...
... • Also uses chain terminator nucleotides: dideoxy nucleotides (ddNTPs), which lack the -OH group on the 3' carbon of the deoxyribose. When DNA polymerase inserts one of these ddNTPs into the growing DNA chain, the chain terminates, as nothing can be added to its 3' end. ...
Definition of a Gene - Kaikoura High School
... • Restriction enzymes are proteins produced by bacteria to restrict invasion by foreign DNA (such as viruses). • Restriction enzymes recognise and cut at specific locations along the DNA molecule called recognition sites. • A restriction site is a 4- or 6- base-pair sequence that is a palindrome, ie ...
... • Restriction enzymes are proteins produced by bacteria to restrict invasion by foreign DNA (such as viruses). • Restriction enzymes recognise and cut at specific locations along the DNA molecule called recognition sites. • A restriction site is a 4- or 6- base-pair sequence that is a palindrome, ie ...
View PDF
... DNA ladder: A set of known DNA fragments with different sizes in base pairs (bp) or kilo bases (kb). These DNA fragments are separated and visualized as DNA bands on a gel. Together, the separated DNA bands look like a ladder on the gel. DNA ladders are used in gel electrophoresis to determine the s ...
... DNA ladder: A set of known DNA fragments with different sizes in base pairs (bp) or kilo bases (kb). These DNA fragments are separated and visualized as DNA bands on a gel. Together, the separated DNA bands look like a ladder on the gel. DNA ladders are used in gel electrophoresis to determine the s ...
Reduced extension temperatures required for PCR amplification of
... denaturation of double-stranded DNA and annealing of oligonucleotide primers. At this temperature the thermostable polymerase replicates the DNA at an optimal rate that depends on the buffer and nature of the DNA template (1). Although the sizes of the fragments that can be amplified have been gener ...
... denaturation of double-stranded DNA and annealing of oligonucleotide primers. At this temperature the thermostable polymerase replicates the DNA at an optimal rate that depends on the buffer and nature of the DNA template (1). Although the sizes of the fragments that can be amplified have been gener ...
DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination
... Copy RNA into DNA by Reverse Transcripase (RT) Similar to Pol I, 5’->3’ synthesis of DNA from RNA template, primed by host tRNA RNA is degraded by RNase H ssDNA directs dsDNA synthesis dsDNA integration into host genome RT: ...
... Copy RNA into DNA by Reverse Transcripase (RT) Similar to Pol I, 5’->3’ synthesis of DNA from RNA template, primed by host tRNA RNA is degraded by RNase H ssDNA directs dsDNA synthesis dsDNA integration into host genome RT: ...
Chapter Eleven: Chromosome Structure and Transposable Elements
... b. Would you expect to observe more puffs in unique-sequence DNA, moderately repetitive DNA, or repetitive DNA? Why? Highly repetitive DNA consists of simple tandem repeats usually found in heterochromatic regions and are rarely transcribed. Moderately repetitive DNA comprises transposons and remnan ...
... b. Would you expect to observe more puffs in unique-sequence DNA, moderately repetitive DNA, or repetitive DNA? Why? Highly repetitive DNA consists of simple tandem repeats usually found in heterochromatic regions and are rarely transcribed. Moderately repetitive DNA comprises transposons and remnan ...
ch. 12 Biotechnology-notes-ppt
... transforming agriculture • New genetic varieties of animals and plants are being produced – A plant with a new trait can be created using the Ti plasmid ...
... transforming agriculture • New genetic varieties of animals and plants are being produced – A plant with a new trait can be created using the Ti plasmid ...
BIOL 1107 - Chapter 17
... These enzymes are significant in two ways 1. Allow a form of physical mapping that was previously impossible 2. Allow the creation of recombinant DNA molecules (from two different sources) ...
... These enzymes are significant in two ways 1. Allow a form of physical mapping that was previously impossible 2. Allow the creation of recombinant DNA molecules (from two different sources) ...
Unit 12 Handout - Chavis Biology
... iv. ______ – the particular ________________ among several produced by this strain ...
... iv. ______ – the particular ________________ among several produced by this strain ...
T - Crime Scene
... •It has been mentioned that the repeats of STRs are composed of nucleotides. Amazingly, the genetic code (the DNA represented by all our 23 pairs of chromosomes) is composed of only four nucleotides in a string: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G). These are the sole letters of th ...
... •It has been mentioned that the repeats of STRs are composed of nucleotides. Amazingly, the genetic code (the DNA represented by all our 23 pairs of chromosomes) is composed of only four nucleotides in a string: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G). These are the sole letters of th ...
DNA Analysis Chapter 11
... • Sugar molecules and phosphates connect the helices – Four base nucleotides: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) dangle off of each sugar molecule – A and T will bond with one another – C and G will bond with one another ...
... • Sugar molecules and phosphates connect the helices – Four base nucleotides: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) dangle off of each sugar molecule – A and T will bond with one another – C and G will bond with one another ...
Chapter 7 Notes: DNA Profiling
... – Cell can replicate its DNA and carry on all life functions using these proteins! • all DNA found in human cells makes up the human genome – Only .5% of DNA (15 million nucleotides) determines the difference between individual people! • can be extracted from hair, blood, saliva, semen, bone, or oth ...
... – Cell can replicate its DNA and carry on all life functions using these proteins! • all DNA found in human cells makes up the human genome – Only .5% of DNA (15 million nucleotides) determines the difference between individual people! • can be extracted from hair, blood, saliva, semen, bone, or oth ...
Section F
... Spontaneous lesions • Mechanism: 1. Deamination: Cytosine deaminates to produce uracil. Any uracil found in DNA is removed by an enzyme called uracil DNA glycosylase and is replaced by cytosine. 2. Depurination: It is another spontaneous hydrolytic reaction that involves cleavage of the N-glycosyli ...
... Spontaneous lesions • Mechanism: 1. Deamination: Cytosine deaminates to produce uracil. Any uracil found in DNA is removed by an enzyme called uracil DNA glycosylase and is replaced by cytosine. 2. Depurination: It is another spontaneous hydrolytic reaction that involves cleavage of the N-glycosyli ...
outline of translation
... 2.7.A2 Production of human insulin in bacteria as an example of the universality of the genetic code allowing gene transfer between species. Diabetes in some individuals is due to destruction of cells in the pancreas that secrete the hormone insulin. It can be treated by injecting insulin into the ...
... 2.7.A2 Production of human insulin in bacteria as an example of the universality of the genetic code allowing gene transfer between species. Diabetes in some individuals is due to destruction of cells in the pancreas that secrete the hormone insulin. It can be treated by injecting insulin into the ...
Lab #1: Alu Lab, Part 1
... PCR is conducted in three steps: 1) Denature the template DNA, 2) Allow the primers to anneal, and 3) Extend (copy) the template DNA. In the first step, the template DNA is heated up to break the hydrogen bonds holding the two strands together. This allows each strand to serve as a template for gene ...
... PCR is conducted in three steps: 1) Denature the template DNA, 2) Allow the primers to anneal, and 3) Extend (copy) the template DNA. In the first step, the template DNA is heated up to break the hydrogen bonds holding the two strands together. This allows each strand to serve as a template for gene ...
Genetic Technology
... • When this DNA is cut, double-stranded fragments with single-stranded ends are formed. • The single-stranded ends have a tendency to join with other single-stranded ends to become double stranded, so they attract DNA they can join with. For this reason, these ends are called sticky ends. ...
... • When this DNA is cut, double-stranded fragments with single-stranded ends are formed. • The single-stranded ends have a tendency to join with other single-stranded ends to become double stranded, so they attract DNA they can join with. For this reason, these ends are called sticky ends. ...
2.7 DNA replication, transcription and translation
... DNA Polymerase proof reads the complementary base pairing. Consequently mistakes are very infrequent occurring approx. once in every billion bases pairs ...
... DNA Polymerase proof reads the complementary base pairing. Consequently mistakes are very infrequent occurring approx. once in every billion bases pairs ...
Document
... DNA Polymerase proof reads the complementary base pairing. Consequently mistakes are very infrequent occurring approx. once in every billion bases pairs ...
... DNA Polymerase proof reads the complementary base pairing. Consequently mistakes are very infrequent occurring approx. once in every billion bases pairs ...
DNA cloning
... with alkaline phophatase will remove the 5’-phosphates and render the vector unable to ligate into a circle without an inserted target, so reducing the proportion of recreated vector in the mixture. ...
... with alkaline phophatase will remove the 5’-phosphates and render the vector unable to ligate into a circle without an inserted target, so reducing the proportion of recreated vector in the mixture. ...
About DNA Ligase The term ligase comes from the latin ligare
... 1. Add 2 μL ligation buffer 10x and 3 μL T4 DNA ligase to the tube containing 10 μL lambda DNA/EcoR I digest without the loading dye. 2. Plance the tube in a 16 C ice water baath and incubate for 20 minutes. At this temperature the T4 DNA ligase catalyzes the ligation of more than 95% of the lambda ...
... 1. Add 2 μL ligation buffer 10x and 3 μL T4 DNA ligase to the tube containing 10 μL lambda DNA/EcoR I digest without the loading dye. 2. Plance the tube in a 16 C ice water baath and incubate for 20 minutes. At this temperature the T4 DNA ligase catalyzes the ligation of more than 95% of the lambda ...
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (/diˌɒksiˌraɪbɵ.njuːˌkleɪ.ɨk ˈæsɪd/; DNA) is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA is a nucleic acid; alongside proteins and carbohydrates, nucleic acids compose the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides since they are composed of simpler units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogen-containing nucleobase—either cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), or thymine (T)—as well as a monosaccharide sugar called deoxyribose and a phosphate group. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. According to base pairing rules (A with T, and C with G), hydrogen bonds bind the nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands to make double-stranded DNA. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).DNA stores biological information. The DNA backbone is resistant to cleavage, and both strands of the double-stranded structure store the same biological information. Biological information is replicated as the two strands are separated. A significant portion of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences.The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of nucleobases (informally, bases). It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes biological information. Under the genetic code, RNA strands are translated to specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins. These RNA strands are initially created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription.Within cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. During cell division these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed.First isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 and with its molecular structure first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, DNA is used by researchers as a molecular tool to explore physical laws and theories, such as the ergodic theorem and the theory of elasticity. The unique material properties of DNA have made it an attractive molecule for material scientists and engineers interested in micro- and nano-fabrication. Among notable advances in this field are DNA origami and DNA-based hybrid materials.The obsolete synonym ""desoxyribonucleic acid"" may occasionally be encountered, for example, in pre-1953 genetics.