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Chapter14
Chapter14

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... Students should know the order of the planets before starting this activity. If necessary, teach them a mnemonic, such as My Velvet Elephant Munches... In this activity the Sun is placed at one end of the field and the planets are arranged linearly. Discuss with students that this is not an accurate ...
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... first scattered into orbits with semi-major axes that placed them in the present day scattered disk, but with perihelia still inside the planetary zone. Subsequent gravitational encounters with Neptune increased the semi-major axes in a stochastic process, but the perihelia remained in the planetary ...
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Jumping-Jupiter scenario

The jumping-Jupiter scenario specifies an evolution of giant-planet migration described by the Nice model, in which an ice giant (Uranus, Neptune, or an additional Neptune-mass planet) encounters first Saturn and then Jupiter, causing the step-wise separation of their orbits. The jumping-Jupiter scenario was proposed by Ramon Brasser, Alessandro Morbidelli, Rodney Gomes, Kleomenis Tsiganis, and Harold Levison after their studies revealed that the smooth divergent migration of Jupiter and Saturn resulted in an inner Solar System significantly different from the current Solar System. The sweeping of secular resonances through the inner Solar System during the migration excited the eccentricities of the terrestrial planets beyond current values and left an asteroid belt with an excessive ratio of high- to low-inclination objects. The step-wise separation of Jupiter and Saturn described in the jumping-Jupiter scenario allows these resonances to quickly cross the inner Solar System without altering orbits excessively. The jumping-Jupiter scenario also results in a number of other differences with the original Nice model. The fraction of lunar impactors from asteroid belt during the Late Heavy Bombardment is significantly reduced, most of the Jupiter trojans are captured via an alternative mechanism, and Jupiter acquires its population of irregular satellites via the same process as the other planets. The frequent ejection of an ice giant during simulations of the jumping-Jupiter scenario has led some to propose an additional giant planet in the early Solar System.
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