Chapter 10: Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function
... 1. The trigger zone of an axon is the first part or initial segment of an axon. 2. The trigger zone contains many voltage-gated sodium channels. 3. At the resting membrane potential, sodium channels are closed but when threshold is reached, sodium channels open. 4. As sodium ions rush into the cell, ...
... 1. The trigger zone of an axon is the first part or initial segment of an axon. 2. The trigger zone contains many voltage-gated sodium channels. 3. At the resting membrane potential, sodium channels are closed but when threshold is reached, sodium channels open. 4. As sodium ions rush into the cell, ...
1. Cell body
... into the synaptic cleft (via exocytosis) – Neurotransmitters diffuse across gap & bind to receptors on the adjacent neuron – Cause the impulse to continue (if threshold is reached) http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/molecular-mechanism-synaptic-function ...
... into the synaptic cleft (via exocytosis) – Neurotransmitters diffuse across gap & bind to receptors on the adjacent neuron – Cause the impulse to continue (if threshold is reached) http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/molecular-mechanism-synaptic-function ...
Ch45--Neurons and Nervous Systems v2015
... next Na+ gates down the line “voltage-gated” channels channel Na+ ions continue to diffuse into cell channel closed open “wave” moves down neuron = action potential ...
... next Na+ gates down the line “voltage-gated” channels channel Na+ ions continue to diffuse into cell channel closed open “wave” moves down neuron = action potential ...
Phases
... The positive feedback of the rising phase slows At the peak of the action potential, the sodium permeability is maximized and the membrane voltage Vm is nearly equal to the sodium equilibrium voltage ENa. However, the same raised voltage that opened the sodium channels initially also slowly shuts th ...
... The positive feedback of the rising phase slows At the peak of the action potential, the sodium permeability is maximized and the membrane voltage Vm is nearly equal to the sodium equilibrium voltage ENa. However, the same raised voltage that opened the sodium channels initially also slowly shuts th ...
The Auditory and Vestibular System
... Phase Locking – firing at the same phase of a sound wave •Necessary because low frequency are difficult to distinguish and displacement of the basilar membrane changes with intensity ...
... Phase Locking – firing at the same phase of a sound wave •Necessary because low frequency are difficult to distinguish and displacement of the basilar membrane changes with intensity ...
ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODES
... the internal and external solutions. Typically the internal solution is 0.1M each NaF and NaCl; the fluoride ion activity controls the potential of the inner surface of the LaF3 membrane, and the chloride ion activity fixes the potential of the internal Ag/AgCl reference electrode the electro chemic ...
... the internal and external solutions. Typically the internal solution is 0.1M each NaF and NaCl; the fluoride ion activity controls the potential of the inner surface of the LaF3 membrane, and the chloride ion activity fixes the potential of the internal Ag/AgCl reference electrode the electro chemic ...
PowerPoint version
... electrical charge inside and outside a neuron membrane that enables the cell to transmit a signal? a. charges that pull sodium and potassium through the membrane b. opening of sodium and potassium channels in the membrane. c. the myelin sheath, which prevents ions from entering or leaving. d. transp ...
... electrical charge inside and outside a neuron membrane that enables the cell to transmit a signal? a. charges that pull sodium and potassium through the membrane b. opening of sodium and potassium channels in the membrane. c. the myelin sheath, which prevents ions from entering or leaving. d. transp ...
The Nervous System
... Stimulate the dendrites of other neurons or membranes of other cells. If a dendrite is stimulated, it sends its message to the cell body and the message is passed on If a muscle or gland is stimulated, a reaction occurs in that organ. ...
... Stimulate the dendrites of other neurons or membranes of other cells. If a dendrite is stimulated, it sends its message to the cell body and the message is passed on If a muscle or gland is stimulated, a reaction occurs in that organ. ...
1 MCB3210F NAME EXAM 1A SECTION CELLS, TISSUES
... B) at -94 mV, the chemical force for potassium movement is zero C) at -94 mV, the electrical force for potassium movement is zero D) at -94 mV, the chemical force for potassium movement is opposed exactly by the electrical force E) at -94 mV, potassium movement is opposed exactly by sodium movement ...
... B) at -94 mV, the chemical force for potassium movement is zero C) at -94 mV, the electrical force for potassium movement is zero D) at -94 mV, the chemical force for potassium movement is opposed exactly by the electrical force E) at -94 mV, potassium movement is opposed exactly by sodium movement ...
Exam
... B) at -94 mV, the chemical force for potassium movement is zero C) at -94 mV, the electrical force for potassium movement is zero D) at -94 mV, the chemical force for potassium movement is opposed exactly by the electrical force E) at -94 mV, potassium movement is opposed exactly by sodium movement ...
... B) at -94 mV, the chemical force for potassium movement is zero C) at -94 mV, the electrical force for potassium movement is zero D) at -94 mV, the chemical force for potassium movement is opposed exactly by the electrical force E) at -94 mV, potassium movement is opposed exactly by sodium movement ...
Chapter 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
... f. Closed when the intracellular environment is negative g. Na+ cannot enter the cell h. Open when the intracellular environment is positive i. Na+ can enter the cell j. When gated channels are open: 1) Ions move quickly across the membrane 2) Movement is along their electrochemical gradients 3) An ...
... f. Closed when the intracellular environment is negative g. Na+ cannot enter the cell h. Open when the intracellular environment is positive i. Na+ can enter the cell j. When gated channels are open: 1) Ions move quickly across the membrane 2) Movement is along their electrochemical gradients 3) An ...
Function
... have a uniform diameter ---structure: no Nissl body, but have microtubule, neurofilament, microfilament, mitochondria, SER and vesicle • axon hillock: the beginning part of axon (no Nissl body) • axolemma • axoplasm ---function: initiate an impulse and conduct the impulses away from the parent cell ...
... have a uniform diameter ---structure: no Nissl body, but have microtubule, neurofilament, microfilament, mitochondria, SER and vesicle • axon hillock: the beginning part of axon (no Nissl body) • axolemma • axoplasm ---function: initiate an impulse and conduct the impulses away from the parent cell ...
Lecture 048 - Neurons and Nervous Systems
... Neuron has similar system protein channels are set up once first one is opened, the rest open in succession ...
... Neuron has similar system protein channels are set up once first one is opened, the rest open in succession ...
Hearing Anatomy
... • Cavern with 2 exits close together: – Oval and sealed with a movable door (footplate of stapes) – Round, sealed and flexible membrane (round window) – Off to one side- Passageway that spirals upward for 2 1/2 turns before it ends (cochlea) – Off in the other direction is the vestibular mechanism- ...
... • Cavern with 2 exits close together: – Oval and sealed with a movable door (footplate of stapes) – Round, sealed and flexible membrane (round window) – Off to one side- Passageway that spirals upward for 2 1/2 turns before it ends (cochlea) – Off in the other direction is the vestibular mechanism- ...
ppt
... The Electrical Nature of Nerves Neurons use electrical signals to communicate with other neurons, muscles, and glands. The signals, called nerve impulses, involve changes in the amount of electric charge across a cell’s plasma membrane. ...
... The Electrical Nature of Nerves Neurons use electrical signals to communicate with other neurons, muscles, and glands. The signals, called nerve impulses, involve changes in the amount of electric charge across a cell’s plasma membrane. ...
CHAPTER 12 AND 13 OUTLINE
... • • Causes the membrane to become more permeable to potassium and chloride ions • • Leaves the charge on the inner surface negative • • Reduces the postsynaptic neuron’s ability to produce an action potential Summation • • A single EPSP cannot induce an action potential • • EPSPs must summate tempo ...
... • • Causes the membrane to become more permeable to potassium and chloride ions • • Leaves the charge on the inner surface negative • • Reduces the postsynaptic neuron’s ability to produce an action potential Summation • • A single EPSP cannot induce an action potential • • EPSPs must summate tempo ...
LATENT HEAT AND ELECTRODE POTENTIAL
... come greater than X. Such results are contrary both to experience and to the principles of thermodynamics. Theory (7) and experiment indicate that at the mp of M, the liquid and solid forms of M must have the same potential. Although this potential, or the emf, E, of a cell of which M forms one elec ...
... come greater than X. Such results are contrary both to experience and to the principles of thermodynamics. Theory (7) and experiment indicate that at the mp of M, the liquid and solid forms of M must have the same potential. Although this potential, or the emf, E, of a cell of which M forms one elec ...
IONIC BASES OF THE RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
... for higher extracellular concentration of K+, but at lower, yet still physiological concentrations, there is a significant deviation from the Nernst potential in the positive direction. It turns out that cells are not completely impermeable to sodium, even at rest [Bernstein was wrong, but he was cl ...
... for higher extracellular concentration of K+, but at lower, yet still physiological concentrations, there is a significant deviation from the Nernst potential in the positive direction. It turns out that cells are not completely impermeable to sodium, even at rest [Bernstein was wrong, but he was cl ...
PG1006 Lecture 2 Nervous Tissue 1
... • Axon Hillock – Triggering Zone • Ac4on poten4als triggered • Axon – Conduc1ng Zone • Spread of ac4on poten4al • Local current flow • Synapse – Output Zone • Sends signal to another neu ...
... • Axon Hillock – Triggering Zone • Ac4on poten4als triggered • Axon – Conduc1ng Zone • Spread of ac4on poten4al • Local current flow • Synapse – Output Zone • Sends signal to another neu ...
K - Cloudfront.net
... – Dissolved minerals found in urine – Sodium and potassium ions used for nerve impulses in the brain – Iron, found in hemoglobin, in the blood cells (this is what makes it red in color) ...
... – Dissolved minerals found in urine – Sodium and potassium ions used for nerve impulses in the brain – Iron, found in hemoglobin, in the blood cells (this is what makes it red in color) ...
Lecture 4: Connective tissues
... Gap junction (macula communicans) – consists of clusters of pores formed from 6 identical subunits in the membrane that are continuous with membrane pores, allowing passage of ions and small molecules between cells; passage is dependant on pH, [Ca2+], voltage etc, by opening/closing pores Synapse – ...
... Gap junction (macula communicans) – consists of clusters of pores formed from 6 identical subunits in the membrane that are continuous with membrane pores, allowing passage of ions and small molecules between cells; passage is dependant on pH, [Ca2+], voltage etc, by opening/closing pores Synapse – ...
Vertebrate Zoology BIOL 322/Nervous System Ch 33 and Brain
... - dfference of 70mV (70mV less on the inside) ...
... - dfference of 70mV (70mV less on the inside) ...
Characteristic for receptor cells
... directly influencing ion channels in membrane of receptor • Weak acid vinegar ionize in water to produce protons (H+) and anions (- ions), in mud puppy, H+ ions block specific type of K+ channel in receptor • For salty substances like table salt Na+ and other cations act as stimuli, Na+ ions of salt ...
... directly influencing ion channels in membrane of receptor • Weak acid vinegar ionize in water to produce protons (H+) and anions (- ions), in mud puppy, H+ ions block specific type of K+ channel in receptor • For salty substances like table salt Na+ and other cations act as stimuli, Na+ ions of salt ...
Patch clamp
The patch clamp technique is a laboratory technique in electrophysiology that allows the study of single or multiple ion channels in cells. The technique can be applied to a wide variety of cells, but is especially useful in the study of excitable cells such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, muscle fibers, and pancreatic beta cells. It can also be applied to the study of bacterial ion channels in specially prepared giant spheroplasts.The patch clamp technique is a refinement of the voltage clamp. Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann developed the patch clamp in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This discovery made it possible to record the currents of single ion channel molecules for the first time, which improved understanding of the involvement of channels in fundamental cell processes such as action potentials and nerve activity. Neher and Sakmann received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1991 for this work.