Quantitative Genetics The genetic basis of many traits is only poorly
... the exact same value of G. If a parent reproduces sexually, however, only one allele at each locus will be passed on to the offspring. The next step is to measure the average effect on the phenotype of this one allele: Average effect of an allele: The mean phenotype of individuals which received tha ...
... the exact same value of G. If a parent reproduces sexually, however, only one allele at each locus will be passed on to the offspring. The next step is to measure the average effect on the phenotype of this one allele: Average effect of an allele: The mean phenotype of individuals which received tha ...
Reading Science Genetic Outcomes
... white flowers self-pollinated and created seeds, the offspring from those seeds would all produce white flowers. He used true-breeding parents and single traits for his study. His experimental procedures isolated variables and allowed him to decipher his results. 6 Mendel would follow his breeding p ...
... white flowers self-pollinated and created seeds, the offspring from those seeds would all produce white flowers. He used true-breeding parents and single traits for his study. His experimental procedures isolated variables and allowed him to decipher his results. 6 Mendel would follow his breeding p ...
Abstract Citrus is the main fruit crop in the world and Spain is the 6th
... Citrus is the main fruit crop in the world and Spain is the 6th producer and the major exporter for the fresh fruit market. Seedlessness is one of the most important fruit quality traits for this market since consumers do not accept seedy fruits. Recovery of triploid hybrids has become an important ...
... Citrus is the main fruit crop in the world and Spain is the 6th producer and the major exporter for the fresh fruit market. Seedlessness is one of the most important fruit quality traits for this market since consumers do not accept seedy fruits. Recovery of triploid hybrids has become an important ...
Advanced Plant Breeding PBG 650 Name Midterm 2, Fall 2013
... crosses among the lines and to evaluate the F1 hybrids in replicated trials. His immediate objective is to identify the best parents to use in crosses to develop pureline cultivars. He would also like to know which crosses exhibit heterosis, because there may be an opportunity to initiate an inbred ...
... crosses among the lines and to evaluate the F1 hybrids in replicated trials. His immediate objective is to identify the best parents to use in crosses to develop pureline cultivars. He would also like to know which crosses exhibit heterosis, because there may be an opportunity to initiate an inbred ...
Predicting family dynamics in social vertebrates
... The vast majority of birds and mammals that exhibit cooperative breeding do live in multigenerational family groups. Families provide an excellent arena for developing and testing evolutionary social theory. By focusing on families one seeks similarities, rather than differences, among cooperative s ...
... The vast majority of birds and mammals that exhibit cooperative breeding do live in multigenerational family groups. Families provide an excellent arena for developing and testing evolutionary social theory. By focusing on families one seeks similarities, rather than differences, among cooperative s ...
In the descendants of the cross between true breeding lines
... non-heritable component before JR + LR could be estimated. Furthermore as with the estimate of 111, any of these comparisons would be uninformative unless the values of the variances and covariances were known with some precision and there were no sources of comparable disturbance. Where the populat ...
... non-heritable component before JR + LR could be estimated. Furthermore as with the estimate of 111, any of these comparisons would be uninformative unless the values of the variances and covariances were known with some precision and there were no sources of comparable disturbance. Where the populat ...
Laboratory animals
... Isogenic strains - 1 Inbred strains - obtained by close breeding for more than 20 generations (brother + sister or offspring + one of the parents) - homozygosity higher than 98 % (Degree of homozygosity is expressed as a coefficient of inbreeding.) - features: isogenicity, phenotype uniformity (low ...
... Isogenic strains - 1 Inbred strains - obtained by close breeding for more than 20 generations (brother + sister or offspring + one of the parents) - homozygosity higher than 98 % (Degree of homozygosity is expressed as a coefficient of inbreeding.) - features: isogenicity, phenotype uniformity (low ...
laboratory animals
... Isogenic strains - 1 Inbred strains - obtained by close breeding for more than 20 generations (brother + sister or offspring + one of the parents) - homozygosity higher than 98 % (Degree of homozygosity is expressed as a coefficient of inbreeding.) - features: isogenicity, phenotype uniformity (low ...
... Isogenic strains - 1 Inbred strains - obtained by close breeding for more than 20 generations (brother + sister or offspring + one of the parents) - homozygosity higher than 98 % (Degree of homozygosity is expressed as a coefficient of inbreeding.) - features: isogenicity, phenotype uniformity (low ...
Post-zygotic reproductive isolation in two populations of the African
... trials produced young, indicating that more than 98% of hybrids were sterile. However, it is possible that some hybrids would not have inherited the tandem fusion and could have produced young. Also, it may be assumed that hybrids with the tandem fusion could have produced some viable gametes, and w ...
... trials produced young, indicating that more than 98% of hybrids were sterile. However, it is possible that some hybrids would not have inherited the tandem fusion and could have produced young. Also, it may be assumed that hybrids with the tandem fusion could have produced some viable gametes, and w ...
Genetic markers in beef and sheep breeding
... markers for sheep and cattle breeding in the UK is still extremely limited. Whilst a number of markers have been developed in Australia, New Zealand and America, few have been taken through to commercial development and validation in the UK, and the value and significance of these tests as part of U ...
... markers for sheep and cattle breeding in the UK is still extremely limited. Whilst a number of markers have been developed in Australia, New Zealand and America, few have been taken through to commercial development and validation in the UK, and the value and significance of these tests as part of U ...
Experiences from running a pedigree recording system for
... Future use of the Cow Database • Data will be used to give advice on public administration and breeding strategies • Public administration • The shown reports from the Cow Database will be used for monitoring the development of the breeds • Other reports who are planed to be extracted are • Number ...
... Future use of the Cow Database • Data will be used to give advice on public administration and breeding strategies • Public administration • The shown reports from the Cow Database will be used for monitoring the development of the breeds • Other reports who are planed to be extracted are • Number ...
Powerpoint
... scales the response away from the direction most favored by selection • One measure of constraint is the angle q between b and R ...
... scales the response away from the direction most favored by selection • One measure of constraint is the angle q between b and R ...
English - Umeå Plant Science Centre
... The successive alternation of recruitment, candidate and breeding populations in one breeding generation. Breeding orchard (breeding arboretum, if clones it may be known as clone bank) An orchard where (usually) control-pollinations are made. Many more parents are usually maintained in a breeding-or ...
... The successive alternation of recruitment, candidate and breeding populations in one breeding generation. Breeding orchard (breeding arboretum, if clones it may be known as clone bank) An orchard where (usually) control-pollinations are made. Many more parents are usually maintained in a breeding-or ...
Quantitative Traits Modes of Selection
... quantitative trait can be passed from parent to offspring; how well parent’s trait predicts offspring’s trait Heritability is very important in selection (in genetic improvement of crops and breeds) It determines if phenotypic selection would be efficient or not: Small heritability: phenotypic sel ...
... quantitative trait can be passed from parent to offspring; how well parent’s trait predicts offspring’s trait Heritability is very important in selection (in genetic improvement of crops and breeds) It determines if phenotypic selection would be efficient or not: Small heritability: phenotypic sel ...
Feedback of FiBL to Draft IFOAM Position on Seed Diversity in
... There should be a clear distinction between the four topics: 1. Maintenance of genetic resources in form of on-farm (in-situ) conservation of landraces, farmer’s varieties, regional specialities, wild relatives etc. to allow for an ongoing process of evolution and adaptation within the plant’s habit ...
... There should be a clear distinction between the four topics: 1. Maintenance of genetic resources in form of on-farm (in-situ) conservation of landraces, farmer’s varieties, regional specialities, wild relatives etc. to allow for an ongoing process of evolution and adaptation within the plant’s habit ...
Evolution: Natural and Artificial Selection
... This illustration from an old textbook shows some of the over 150 different dog breeds that can be seen around the world today. How do you think all of these different breeds were developed? ____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________ ...
... This illustration from an old textbook shows some of the over 150 different dog breeds that can be seen around the world today. How do you think all of these different breeds were developed? ____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________ ...
HILL , W .G., and ROBERTSON ,A .1968. Linkage Disequilibrium
... equally spaced SNPs1 and total number of 50 QTLs 2 (that scattered on choromosome randomly) was generated for each individual . An effective population size of 100 individuals was simulated , of wich 50 were male and 50 were female . This structure followed by 50 generations or random mating , imply ...
... equally spaced SNPs1 and total number of 50 QTLs 2 (that scattered on choromosome randomly) was generated for each individual . An effective population size of 100 individuals was simulated , of wich 50 were male and 50 were female . This structure followed by 50 generations or random mating , imply ...
presentation source
... Chapter 4: Relationship and inbreeding Definitions Calculation of relationship and inbreeding coefficients Examples ...
... Chapter 4: Relationship and inbreeding Definitions Calculation of relationship and inbreeding coefficients Examples ...
The Scaly-Breasted Lorikeets and their Mutations
... Scalies can be kept and bred in a colony system or in individual pairings. They breed readily and once they have started can and sometimes do, nest all year round. If there is to be a break in their breeding pattern it normally occurs late February to early May. They will nest in logs or boxes of an ...
... Scalies can be kept and bred in a colony system or in individual pairings. They breed readily and once they have started can and sometimes do, nest all year round. If there is to be a break in their breeding pattern it normally occurs late February to early May. They will nest in logs or boxes of an ...
Measuring and Modelling Potential Change
... An ecosystem only has so many resources at any time Populations can vary in different ecosystems therefore ...
... An ecosystem only has so many resources at any time Populations can vary in different ecosystems therefore ...
Selective breeding
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. Domesticated animals are known as breeds, normally bred by a professional breeder, while plants are known as varieties, cultigens, or cultivars in plants. Two purebred animals of different breeds produce a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids.There are two approaches or types of artificial selection, or selective breeding. First is the traditional ""breeder’s approach"" in which the breeder or experimenter applies ""a known amount of selection to a single phenotypic trait"" by examining the chosen trait and choosing to breed only those that exhibit higher or ""extreme values"" of that trait. The second is called ""controlled natural selection,"" which is essentially natural selection in a controlled environment. In this, the breeder does not choose which individuals being tested ""survive or reproduce,"" as he or she could in the traditional approach. There are also ""selection experiments,"" which is a third approach and these are conducted in order to determine the ""strength of natural selection in the wild."" However, this is more often an observational approach as opposed to an experimental approach. In animal breeding, techniques such as inbreeding, linebreeding, and outcrossing are utilized. In plant breeding, similar methods are used. Charles Darwin discussed how selective breeding had been successful in producing change over time in his book, On the Origin of Species. The first chapter of the book discusses selective breeding and domestication of such animals as pigeons, cats, cattle, and dogs. Selective breeding was used by Darwin as a springboard to introduce the theory of natural selection, and to support it.The deliberate exploitation of selective breeding to produce desired results has become very common in agriculture and experimental biology.Selective breeding can be unintentional, e.g., resulting from the process of human cultivation; and it may also produce unintended – desirable or undesirable – results. For example, in some grains, an increase in seed size may have resulted from certain ploughing practices rather than from the intentional selection of larger seeds. Most likely, there has been an interdependence between natural and artificial factors that have resulted in plant domestication.