RespirationQuestions.doc - KS3, GCSE and A
... Other substances are produced in the Krebs cycle in addition to the carbon compounds shown in the diagram. Name three of these other products. ...
... Other substances are produced in the Krebs cycle in addition to the carbon compounds shown in the diagram. Name three of these other products. ...
Lecture 7- 24 October 2013 Vitamins in metabolism and regulation
... Definition of vitamins-organic essential nutrients required in tiny amounts to perform specific functions that promote growth, reproduction and maintenance of health and life. -vita = life -amine = containing nitrogen (first vitamins discovered contained nitrogen) ...
... Definition of vitamins-organic essential nutrients required in tiny amounts to perform specific functions that promote growth, reproduction and maintenance of health and life. -vita = life -amine = containing nitrogen (first vitamins discovered contained nitrogen) ...
Minnesota Noxious Weeds
... Leaves: Opposite, 2-5 inches long and almost as wide, with 5-7 (maybe 9) palmate lobes. Leaves are rough and edges are toothed. Two bracts (stipules) are at leaf stalk bases and the leaf stalks (petioles) are as long or longer than the leaves. Compare to common hops: typically 3-lobed occasionally 5 ...
... Leaves: Opposite, 2-5 inches long and almost as wide, with 5-7 (maybe 9) palmate lobes. Leaves are rough and edges are toothed. Two bracts (stipules) are at leaf stalk bases and the leaf stalks (petioles) are as long or longer than the leaves. Compare to common hops: typically 3-lobed occasionally 5 ...
Carrots: Commercial Vegetable
... about 100 lb N, 25 lb P2O5, and 100 lb K2O per acre. Annual supplemental nutrients can be applied in a combination of broadcast band and sidedress applications. In years between soil tests, apply about 75 lb N (up to 120 lb on sandy or marl muck), 100 lb P2O5 and 200 lb K2O per acre for carrrots gro ...
... about 100 lb N, 25 lb P2O5, and 100 lb K2O per acre. Annual supplemental nutrients can be applied in a combination of broadcast band and sidedress applications. In years between soil tests, apply about 75 lb N (up to 120 lb on sandy or marl muck), 100 lb P2O5 and 200 lb K2O per acre for carrrots gro ...
Saline Seep Management in North
... soluble salts in the soil is sufficient to reduce or eliminate growth of vegetation. Saline seeps form where groundwater with high soluble salt content exists at or near the soil surface. As water evaporates, salts are deposited on the soil surface and continue to accumulate unless the water table c ...
... soluble salts in the soil is sufficient to reduce or eliminate growth of vegetation. Saline seeps form where groundwater with high soluble salt content exists at or near the soil surface. As water evaporates, salts are deposited on the soil surface and continue to accumulate unless the water table c ...
Document
... Over the years, orchid cultivation has been developed from a hobbyist market into a highly commercial market and today orchids are located at the top position among flowering plants valued for cut flowers and potted plants that sold in the world. Besides that, most of them have a number of great med ...
... Over the years, orchid cultivation has been developed from a hobbyist market into a highly commercial market and today orchids are located at the top position among flowering plants valued for cut flowers and potted plants that sold in the world. Besides that, most of them have a number of great med ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... Chromosome number 2n = 34, pollen fertility ca. 100 %. Habitat Cryptocoryne ferruginea var. sekadauensis is found in a ca. 3 m wide, slowly running stream which is a tributary to the Kapuas River . The habitat is more or less similar to that of Cryptocoryne ideii Budianto in Tanjung Jariangao (Budia ...
... Chromosome number 2n = 34, pollen fertility ca. 100 %. Habitat Cryptocoryne ferruginea var. sekadauensis is found in a ca. 3 m wide, slowly running stream which is a tributary to the Kapuas River . The habitat is more or less similar to that of Cryptocoryne ideii Budianto in Tanjung Jariangao (Budia ...
Potential Role for the Vetiver System in Gulf Coast
... soil erosion from wave action and lateral water movement and will protect the land side of the levee from scouring and breaching during an episode of over topping from a storm surge. How does vetiver do all this? By increasing the shear strength of the soil up to 40% with vetiver’s massive root syst ...
... soil erosion from wave action and lateral water movement and will protect the land side of the levee from scouring and breaching during an episode of over topping from a storm surge. How does vetiver do all this? By increasing the shear strength of the soil up to 40% with vetiver’s massive root syst ...
PDF file
... formed: yellow, white or crystalline. Yellow embryogenic callus was accompanied by non-embryogenic crystalline and white callus. In both the acetocarmine and paraffin preparations and the epoxy resin preparations, the cells of white callus were larger and strongly vacuolated, and their nuclei were l ...
... formed: yellow, white or crystalline. Yellow embryogenic callus was accompanied by non-embryogenic crystalline and white callus. In both the acetocarmine and paraffin preparations and the epoxy resin preparations, the cells of white callus were larger and strongly vacuolated, and their nuclei were l ...
Colorado Forage Guide - Colorado State University Extension
... or wildlife will graze it? If the pasture isn’t grazed, do you want short grasses that require little or no mowing? Will the pasture be intensively managed for grazing? Will the forage be harvested for hay? The proper selection of forage species depends on answers to these questions. Finally, forage ...
... or wildlife will graze it? If the pasture isn’t grazed, do you want short grasses that require little or no mowing? Will the pasture be intensively managed for grazing? Will the forage be harvested for hay? The proper selection of forage species depends on answers to these questions. Finally, forage ...
Implementing Perennial Kitchen Garden Model to Improve Diet
... Trees of drumstick, agathi and curry leaves are perennial, fast growing and sturdy however, they would require care for the initial 1-2 years. Tamarind and custard apple are both sturdy trees with custard apple having the additional advantage of not being eaten by livestock. Tamarind is slow growing ...
... Trees of drumstick, agathi and curry leaves are perennial, fast growing and sturdy however, they would require care for the initial 1-2 years. Tamarind and custard apple are both sturdy trees with custard apple having the additional advantage of not being eaten by livestock. Tamarind is slow growing ...
2014 GMDI Dietary Guidelines for PKU
... Because medical food is the primary source of protein equivalents in the diet for PAH deficiency, it is a critical component of the diet throughout life. Recommendations for total protein intake exceed age- and sex-specific Dietary Reference Intakes because l-amino acids found in most medical foods ...
... Because medical food is the primary source of protein equivalents in the diet for PAH deficiency, it is a critical component of the diet throughout life. Recommendations for total protein intake exceed age- and sex-specific Dietary Reference Intakes because l-amino acids found in most medical foods ...
Stress Induction of Mitochondrial Formate Dehydrogenase in Potato
... In this paper we describe the expression of potato mitochondrial FDH in various tissues and under several stresses. The mRNA levels of the mitochondrial SHMT isoform were studied in parallel because this enzyme was previously described to be abundant in pea photosynthetic tissues and scarce in green ...
... In this paper we describe the expression of potato mitochondrial FDH in various tissues and under several stresses. The mRNA levels of the mitochondrial SHMT isoform were studied in parallel because this enzyme was previously described to be abundant in pea photosynthetic tissues and scarce in green ...
Tomato juice - food-med
... This form was common in Mexico, but also in other South American and Central American countries. It is believed that it is the founder of cultural tomato. It originated in their homeland long before the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Ancient inhabitants of Peru fought unconscious sele ...
... This form was common in Mexico, but also in other South American and Central American countries. It is believed that it is the founder of cultural tomato. It originated in their homeland long before the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Ancient inhabitants of Peru fought unconscious sele ...
Biotechnological interventions for crop improvement in the context of food security
... from rice arginine decarboxylase (ADC) genes, which play a pivotal role in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway. Polyamines protect plants against abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought. We therefore urgently need a better understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms though which ...
... from rice arginine decarboxylase (ADC) genes, which play a pivotal role in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway. Polyamines protect plants against abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought. We therefore urgently need a better understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms though which ...
Stem nematode on Narcissus and Tulip
... The flower bends over towards the damaged side and the outer petals often fail to develop colour. In severe attacks, the petals may be severely malformed. ...
... The flower bends over towards the damaged side and the outer petals often fail to develop colour. In severe attacks, the petals may be severely malformed. ...
LIST OF PLANTS AVAILABLE – AUTUMN 2014 GENUS x SPECIES
... established among other plants. Shrub 1mx1m. Prefers part shade in most Small narrow leaves. Masses of red and reasonably drained soils. Tolerates yellow pea flowers in terminal clusters. drought and coastal exposure. Frost hardy Responds well to pruning. to –7°C. Shrub to 0.5-3mx1.3m. Prefers well ...
... established among other plants. Shrub 1mx1m. Prefers part shade in most Small narrow leaves. Masses of red and reasonably drained soils. Tolerates yellow pea flowers in terminal clusters. drought and coastal exposure. Frost hardy Responds well to pruning. to –7°C. Shrub to 0.5-3mx1.3m. Prefers well ...
Anthelmintic activity of Pyrostegia venusta using Pheretima posthuma
... Approximately 3 million people are infected with helminthes worldwide. Helminthes infections are commonly found in villages of developing countries and are being recognized as cause of much acute as well as chronic illness among the human beings as well as cattle’s. Hence, the treatment for helminti ...
... Approximately 3 million people are infected with helminthes worldwide. Helminthes infections are commonly found in villages of developing countries and are being recognized as cause of much acute as well as chronic illness among the human beings as well as cattle’s. Hence, the treatment for helminti ...
Weathering and Soils Weathering and Soils
... Weathering is the breakingbreaking-down of rock and sediments over time. -Most rocks, like granite, form under earth’s surface. -The rocks uplift and eventually make their way to earth’s surface. -Conditions on the surface are much different from inside earth. -Rocks are not used to these conditions ...
... Weathering is the breakingbreaking-down of rock and sediments over time. -Most rocks, like granite, form under earth’s surface. -The rocks uplift and eventually make their way to earth’s surface. -Conditions on the surface are much different from inside earth. -Rocks are not used to these conditions ...
Native Prairie Handbook
... prairie sites; although soil conditions may vary locally depending on topography and vegetation type.The alkaline nature and fertility of most prairie soils along with abundant rainfall and incidence of fire influenced the plant communities of Mississippi’s grasslands. Much of the Black Belt had mos ...
... prairie sites; although soil conditions may vary locally depending on topography and vegetation type.The alkaline nature and fertility of most prairie soils along with abundant rainfall and incidence of fire influenced the plant communities of Mississippi’s grasslands. Much of the Black Belt had mos ...
and Functions of y-Aminobutyric Acid
... as 2-oxoglutarate or succinate. It has been suggested that the GABA shunt to succinate assumes significance when the metabolism of 2-oxoglutarate to succinate is restricted (for refs., see Satyanarayan and Nair, 1990). However, recent evidence indicates that GABA shunt activity is not a response to ...
... as 2-oxoglutarate or succinate. It has been suggested that the GABA shunt to succinate assumes significance when the metabolism of 2-oxoglutarate to succinate is restricted (for refs., see Satyanarayan and Nair, 1990). However, recent evidence indicates that GABA shunt activity is not a response to ...
evolution of plants
... Magill’s Encyclopedia of Science: Plant Life cludes the volume’s contents, followed by a full “Alphabetical List of Contents” (of all the volumes). All four volumes include a “List of Illustrations, Charts, and Tables,” alphabetized by key term, to allow readers to locate pages with (for example) a ...
... Magill’s Encyclopedia of Science: Plant Life cludes the volume’s contents, followed by a full “Alphabetical List of Contents” (of all the volumes). All four volumes include a “List of Illustrations, Charts, and Tables,” alphabetized by key term, to allow readers to locate pages with (for example) a ...
Ophthalmic uses of Boerhaavia Diffusa L. (Punarnava): Review
... Punarnava is also helpful for many eye disorders. Leaf juice with honey, dropped into the eyes for chronic ophthalmia. Punarnava can even be used to treat cataract. Fresh root juice of Punarnava is put into eyes so as to get relief from various eye ailments like night blindness and conjunctivitis. D ...
... Punarnava is also helpful for many eye disorders. Leaf juice with honey, dropped into the eyes for chronic ophthalmia. Punarnava can even be used to treat cataract. Fresh root juice of Punarnava is put into eyes so as to get relief from various eye ailments like night blindness and conjunctivitis. D ...
Cloning and Characterization of the WAX2 Gene of Arabidopsis
... Insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis ecotype C24 was used to identify a novel mutant, designated wax2, that had alterations in both cuticle membrane and cuticular waxes. Arabidopsis mutants with altered cuticle membrane have not been reported previously. Compared with the wild type, the cuticle me ...
... Insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis ecotype C24 was used to identify a novel mutant, designated wax2, that had alterations in both cuticle membrane and cuticular waxes. Arabidopsis mutants with altered cuticle membrane have not been reported previously. Compared with the wild type, the cuticle me ...
vascular cambium
... – A waxy coating called the cuticle helps prevent water loss from the epidermis – In woody plants, protective tissues called periderm replace the epidermis in older regions of stems and roots ...
... – A waxy coating called the cuticle helps prevent water loss from the epidermis – In woody plants, protective tissues called periderm replace the epidermis in older regions of stems and roots ...
Plant nutrition
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Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds that are necessary for plant growth, and also of their external supply and internal metabolism. In 1972, E. Epstein defined two criteria for an element to be essential for plant growth: in its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle; or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite.This is in accordance with Liebig's law of the minimum. There are 14 essential plant nutrients. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other nutrients including water are typically obtained from the soil (exceptions include some parasitic or carnivorous plants).Plants must obtain the following mineral nutrients from the growing media: the primary macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) the three secondary macronutrients: calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg) the micronutrients/trace minerals: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni)The macronutrients are consumed in larger quantities and are present in plant tissue in quantities from 0.2% to 4.0% (on a dry matter weight basis). Micro nutrients are present in plant tissue in quantities measured in parts per million, ranging from 5 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight.Most soil conditions across the world can provide plants with adequate nutrition and do not require fertilizer for a complete life cycle. However, humans can artificially modify soil through the addition of fertilizer to promote vigorous growth and increase yield. The plants are able to obtain their required nutrients from the fertilizer added to the soil. A colloidal carbonaceous residue, known as humus, can serve as a nutrient reservoir. Even with adequate water and sunshine, nutrient deficiency can limit growth.Nutrient uptake from the soil is achieved by cation exchange, where root hairs pump hydrogen ions (H+) into the soil through proton pumps. These hydrogen ions displace cations attached to negatively charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root.Plant nutrition is a difficult subject to understand completely, partly because of the variation between different plants and even between different species or individuals of a given clone. An element present at a low level may cause deficiency symptoms, while the same element at a higher level may cause toxicity. Further, deficiency of one element may present as symptoms of toxicity from another element. An abundance of one nutrient may cause a deficiency of another nutrient. For example, lower availability of a given nutrient such as SO42− can affect the uptake of another nutrient, such as NO3−. As another example, K+ uptake can be influenced by the amount of NH4+ available.The root, especially the root hair, is the most essential organ for the uptake of nutrients. The structure and architecture of the root can alter the rate of nutrient uptake. Nutrient ions are transported to the center of the root, the stele in order for the nutrients to reach the conducting tissues, xylem and phloem. The Casparian strip, a cell wall outside the stele but within the root, prevents passive flow of water and nutrients, helping to regulate the uptake of nutrients and water. Xylem moves water and inorganic molecules within the plant and phloem accounts for organic molecule transportation. Water potential plays a key role in a plants nutrient uptake. If the water potential is more negative within the plant than the surrounding soils, the nutrients will move from the region of higher solute concentration—in the soil—to the area of lower solute concentration: in the plant.There are three fundamental ways plants uptake nutrients through the root: simple diffusion, occurs when a nonpolar molecule, such as O2, CO2, and NH3 follows a concentration gradient, moving passively through the cell lipid bilayer membrane without the use of transport proteins. facilitated diffusion, is the rapid movement of solutes or ions following a concentration gradient, facilitated by transport proteins. Active transport, is the uptake by cells of ions or molecules against a concentration gradient; this requires an energy source, usually ATP, to power molecular pumps that move the ions or molecules through the membrane. Nutrients are moved inside a plant to where they are most needed. For example, a plant will try to supply more nutrients to its younger leaves than to its older ones. When nutrients are mobile, symptoms of any deficiency become apparent first on the older leaves. However, not all nutrients are equally mobile. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are mobile nutrients, while the others have varying degrees of mobility. When a less mobile nutrient is deficient, the younger leaves suffer because the nutrient does not move up to them but stays in the older leaves. This phenomenon is helpful in determining which nutrients a plant may be lacking.Many plants engage in symbiosis with microorganisms. Two important types of these relationship are with bacteria such as rhizobia, that carry out biological nitrogen fixation, in which atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into ammonium (NH4); and with mycorrhizal fungi, which through their association with the plant roots help to create a larger effective root surface area. Both of these mutualistic relationships enhance nutrient uptake. Though nitrogen is plentiful in the Earth's atmosphere, relatively few plants harbor nitrogen fixing bacteria, so most plants rely on nitrogen compounds present in the soil to support their growth. These can be supplied by mineralization of soil organic matter or added plant residues, nitrogen fixing bacteria, animal waste, or through the application of fertilizers.Hydroponics, is a method for growing plants in a water-nutrient solution without the use of nutrient-rich soil. It allows researchers and home gardeners to grow their plants in a controlled environment. The most common solution, is the Hoagland solution, developed by D. R. Hoagland in 1933, the solution consists of all the essential nutrients in the correct proportions necessary for most plant growth. An aerator is used to prevent an anoxic event or hypoxia. Hypoxia can affect nutrient uptake of a plant because without oxygen present, respiration becomes inhibited within the root cells. The Nutrient film technique is a variation of hydroponic technique. The roots are not fully submerged, which allows for adequate aeration of the roots, while a ""film"" thin layer of nutrient rich water is pumped through the system to provide nutrients and water to the plant.