137 CHAPTER 10 – REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
... single set of chromosomes rather than the two complete sets which are present in the diploid cells of almost all adult animals and flowering plants. The structure of this haploid plant is very simple. Liverworts have no true roots or stems, just a simple flat body called a thallus. The thallus lies ...
... single set of chromosomes rather than the two complete sets which are present in the diploid cells of almost all adult animals and flowering plants. The structure of this haploid plant is very simple. Liverworts have no true roots or stems, just a simple flat body called a thallus. The thallus lies ...
mimosa bush - Woody Weed Specialists
... control. For stems up to 5 cm diameter, carefully spray completely around the base of plant to a height of 30 cm above ground level. Thoroughly spray into all crevices. The best time for treatment is during autumn when plants are actively growing and soil moisture is good. Cut stump application with ...
... control. For stems up to 5 cm diameter, carefully spray completely around the base of plant to a height of 30 cm above ground level. Thoroughly spray into all crevices. The best time for treatment is during autumn when plants are actively growing and soil moisture is good. Cut stump application with ...
A is for Aquatic Plants:
... There are some major differences between aquatic vegetation in tropical regions. Mangroves are a kind of woody plant that is often found at the edges of the ocean in the tropics. There are many kinds of mangroves at not all of them are closely related. The Red Mangrove (Rhizophora Mangle) of the Flo ...
... There are some major differences between aquatic vegetation in tropical regions. Mangroves are a kind of woody plant that is often found at the edges of the ocean in the tropics. There are many kinds of mangroves at not all of them are closely related. The Red Mangrove (Rhizophora Mangle) of the Flo ...
Common Teasel - Natural Biodiversity
... sunny habitats and can be found in soils ranging from wet to dry. Teasel sometimes grows in prairies, savannas, and meadows, though it’s more common for it to grow along roadsides, dumps, and disturbed areas. Biology: Teasel plants can produce over 2,000 seeds per plant. The seeds can stay dormant i ...
... sunny habitats and can be found in soils ranging from wet to dry. Teasel sometimes grows in prairies, savannas, and meadows, though it’s more common for it to grow along roadsides, dumps, and disturbed areas. Biology: Teasel plants can produce over 2,000 seeds per plant. The seeds can stay dormant i ...
alfalfa genetic mutants - Medicago Genetic Reports
... leaf-type on the left is associated with the cauliflower head-trait. It is sterile and must be manipulated in the heterozygous condition. Normal trifoliolate in the center and an extreme multifoliolate on the right. The simple leaf, cauliflower head-trait was discussed in volume 3 of this website wi ...
... leaf-type on the left is associated with the cauliflower head-trait. It is sterile and must be manipulated in the heterozygous condition. Normal trifoliolate in the center and an extreme multifoliolate on the right. The simple leaf, cauliflower head-trait was discussed in volume 3 of this website wi ...
Schipka Cherry Laurel
... evergreen shrub with a more or less rounded form. Its average texture blends into the landscape, but can be balanced by one or two finer or coarser trees or shrubs for an effective composition. This is a relatively low maintenance shrub, and should only be pruned after flowering to avoid removing an ...
... evergreen shrub with a more or less rounded form. Its average texture blends into the landscape, but can be balanced by one or two finer or coarser trees or shrubs for an effective composition. This is a relatively low maintenance shrub, and should only be pruned after flowering to avoid removing an ...
Techny Globe Arborvitae
... Techny Globe Arborvitae has green foliage. The scale-like leaves remain green through the winter. Neither the flowers nor the fruit are ornamentally significant. The shaggy indian red bark is not particularly outstanding. Landscape Attributes: Techny Globe Arborvitae is a dense multi-stemmed evergre ...
... Techny Globe Arborvitae has green foliage. The scale-like leaves remain green through the winter. Neither the flowers nor the fruit are ornamentally significant. The shaggy indian red bark is not particularly outstanding. Landscape Attributes: Techny Globe Arborvitae is a dense multi-stemmed evergre ...
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
... complications can arise; hemolytic anemia and prolonged neonatal jaundice are the two major pathologies associated with G6PD deficiency. Both of these conditions are directly related to the inability of specific cell types to regenerate reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH); th ...
... complications can arise; hemolytic anemia and prolonged neonatal jaundice are the two major pathologies associated with G6PD deficiency. Both of these conditions are directly related to the inability of specific cell types to regenerate reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH); th ...
Presentation
... Climate is the dominant factor in soil formation, and soils show the distinctive characteristics of the climate zones in which they form. Mineral precipitation and temperature are the primary climatic influences on soil formation. Climate directly affects the rate of weathering and leaching. Soil is ...
... Climate is the dominant factor in soil formation, and soils show the distinctive characteristics of the climate zones in which they form. Mineral precipitation and temperature are the primary climatic influences on soil formation. Climate directly affects the rate of weathering and leaching. Soil is ...
Document
... - leaf lesions are irregular water-soaked patches mat may expand to encompass large areas of the leaf, white fungal sporulation may be observed on underneath side; later the lesions dry and turn brown; blighting of the entire foliage may occur. - stem lesions are at first irregular water-soaked area ...
... - leaf lesions are irregular water-soaked patches mat may expand to encompass large areas of the leaf, white fungal sporulation may be observed on underneath side; later the lesions dry and turn brown; blighting of the entire foliage may occur. - stem lesions are at first irregular water-soaked area ...
PDF - Penn State Extension
... of daylilies out there! The height of the plant, the color of the flower, and how long it blooms all depend on what kind of daylily you buy. No matter what cultivar you get, daylilies all do well in partial shade to full sun. Daylilies need soil that is high in organic matter but is not overly ferti ...
... of daylilies out there! The height of the plant, the color of the flower, and how long it blooms all depend on what kind of daylily you buy. No matter what cultivar you get, daylilies all do well in partial shade to full sun. Daylilies need soil that is high in organic matter but is not overly ferti ...
Brochure - Brandt Consolidated
... or “humates” are a major constituent of soils, which occur in almost all terrestrial and aquatic environments formed from the chemical and biological degradation of plant and animal residue and from the activities of microorganisms. Humates function by increasing the water-holding capacity of the so ...
... or “humates” are a major constituent of soils, which occur in almost all terrestrial and aquatic environments formed from the chemical and biological degradation of plant and animal residue and from the activities of microorganisms. Humates function by increasing the water-holding capacity of the so ...
edulabz - Testlabz.com
... (ii) Shoot systems Root systems consist of roots while shoot systems consist of stem, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. 2. Describe the root systems found in plants. Give examples. Ans. Root system is underground part of plant that fixes plant to the soil. It may be of two types: (i) Tap root. I ...
... (ii) Shoot systems Root systems consist of roots while shoot systems consist of stem, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. 2. Describe the root systems found in plants. Give examples. Ans. Root system is underground part of plant that fixes plant to the soil. It may be of two types: (i) Tap root. I ...
Name: _____ Date: ______ Class:______________
... is ____________________, where water is broken down into H+ ions and O2 gas. The oxygen gas is released by the plant as a ____________________ product; the H+ ions bond to a carrier molecule called ____________________, where the H+ ions are later used in the next step of photosynthesis. This next s ...
... is ____________________, where water is broken down into H+ ions and O2 gas. The oxygen gas is released by the plant as a ____________________ product; the H+ ions bond to a carrier molecule called ____________________, where the H+ ions are later used in the next step of photosynthesis. This next s ...
growth and development in plants
... nutrients for plant growth and development. All metabolic processes require inorganic nutrients. Plant growth is adversely affected by the deficiency of nutrients. 20.5.2 Internal Growth Factors In addition to the external factors as discussed above, there are some substances produced in the plant b ...
... nutrients for plant growth and development. All metabolic processes require inorganic nutrients. Plant growth is adversely affected by the deficiency of nutrients. 20.5.2 Internal Growth Factors In addition to the external factors as discussed above, there are some substances produced in the plant b ...
Plant Structure and function
... epidermis tissue. Mount it in a drop of water and study it under a microscope. Write down your observations and discuss it with the rest of the class Model Answer(s): ...
... epidermis tissue. Mount it in a drop of water and study it under a microscope. Write down your observations and discuss it with the rest of the class Model Answer(s): ...
Lecture 2: Applications of Tissue Culture to Plant
... – Usually, the younger, less differentiated , the better for tissue culture – Different species show differences in amenability to tissue culture – In many cases, different genotypes within a species will have variable responses to tissue culture ...
... – Usually, the younger, less differentiated , the better for tissue culture – Different species show differences in amenability to tissue culture – In many cases, different genotypes within a species will have variable responses to tissue culture ...
Seeds and pollen are reproductive adaptations.
... on land. Seeds are another. A seed is a young plant that is enclosed in a protective coating. Within the coating are enough nutrients to enable the plant to grow. Seeds and spores can both withstand harsh conditions. Seed plants, however, have several survival advantages over seedless plants. These ...
... on land. Seeds are another. A seed is a young plant that is enclosed in a protective coating. Within the coating are enough nutrients to enable the plant to grow. Seeds and spores can both withstand harsh conditions. Seed plants, however, have several survival advantages over seedless plants. These ...
CFA 3 - Plants - Applied Science: Living THings Multiple Choice
... 2. Based on Figure 22–1, which of the following features evolved first in land plants? a. flowers b. water-conducting tissue c. seeds enclosed in fruit d. seeds ...
... 2. Based on Figure 22–1, which of the following features evolved first in land plants? a. flowers b. water-conducting tissue c. seeds enclosed in fruit d. seeds ...
hot desert biome
... sand to escape the intense heat of the day. The Sidewinder snake uses muscles along its body to move quickly sideways over the sand and so reduces friction with the hot surface sand and so does not get burned. The Marsupial Mole lives a subterranean life, rarely emerging on the surface.They are tota ...
... sand to escape the intense heat of the day. The Sidewinder snake uses muscles along its body to move quickly sideways over the sand and so reduces friction with the hot surface sand and so does not get burned. The Marsupial Mole lives a subterranean life, rarely emerging on the surface.They are tota ...
Wisconsin Fast Plants
... 2 Petri dishes/table -Mark Petri dish lid into two halves -Label P on one side, F1 the other -Moisten paper towel circle well and place 5 seeds in each side of the lid ...
... 2 Petri dishes/table -Mark Petri dish lid into two halves -Label P on one side, F1 the other -Moisten paper towel circle well and place 5 seeds in each side of the lid ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell) Final part of
... 13) The sugar "sink" in roots is created by the A) active transport of mineral ions into xylem cells. B) osmosis of water into xylem cells. C) absorption of water from the soil through epidermal cells. D) active transport of sugars from phloem to root cells. E) pull of gravity on sugar molecules. An ...
... 13) The sugar "sink" in roots is created by the A) active transport of mineral ions into xylem cells. B) osmosis of water into xylem cells. C) absorption of water from the soil through epidermal cells. D) active transport of sugars from phloem to root cells. E) pull of gravity on sugar molecules. An ...
Petunia The petunia has fringed edges and a very sweet fragrance
... brilliantly colored flowers blooming in red, cerise, rose pink, orange, yellow and white. Portulaccas grow best in hot locations and climates. They look great in hanging baskets and rock gardens. These low-growing plants make a wonderful groundcover, are very drought tolerant and need to be watered ...
... brilliantly colored flowers blooming in red, cerise, rose pink, orange, yellow and white. Portulaccas grow best in hot locations and climates. They look great in hanging baskets and rock gardens. These low-growing plants make a wonderful groundcover, are very drought tolerant and need to be watered ...
8.1 notes: angiosperms
... __________________________________. The fleshy part of the fruit develops from the ovary and ovary wall of the flower. The function of this flesh varies in different plants but it to some __________________________________________________ ________________________________________. The fruit can take ...
... __________________________________. The fleshy part of the fruit develops from the ovary and ovary wall of the flower. The function of this flesh varies in different plants but it to some __________________________________________________ ________________________________________. The fruit can take ...
Plant nutrition
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Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds that are necessary for plant growth, and also of their external supply and internal metabolism. In 1972, E. Epstein defined two criteria for an element to be essential for plant growth: in its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle; or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite.This is in accordance with Liebig's law of the minimum. There are 14 essential plant nutrients. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other nutrients including water are typically obtained from the soil (exceptions include some parasitic or carnivorous plants).Plants must obtain the following mineral nutrients from the growing media: the primary macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) the three secondary macronutrients: calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg) the micronutrients/trace minerals: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni)The macronutrients are consumed in larger quantities and are present in plant tissue in quantities from 0.2% to 4.0% (on a dry matter weight basis). Micro nutrients are present in plant tissue in quantities measured in parts per million, ranging from 5 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight.Most soil conditions across the world can provide plants with adequate nutrition and do not require fertilizer for a complete life cycle. However, humans can artificially modify soil through the addition of fertilizer to promote vigorous growth and increase yield. The plants are able to obtain their required nutrients from the fertilizer added to the soil. A colloidal carbonaceous residue, known as humus, can serve as a nutrient reservoir. Even with adequate water and sunshine, nutrient deficiency can limit growth.Nutrient uptake from the soil is achieved by cation exchange, where root hairs pump hydrogen ions (H+) into the soil through proton pumps. These hydrogen ions displace cations attached to negatively charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root.Plant nutrition is a difficult subject to understand completely, partly because of the variation between different plants and even between different species or individuals of a given clone. An element present at a low level may cause deficiency symptoms, while the same element at a higher level may cause toxicity. Further, deficiency of one element may present as symptoms of toxicity from another element. An abundance of one nutrient may cause a deficiency of another nutrient. For example, lower availability of a given nutrient such as SO42− can affect the uptake of another nutrient, such as NO3−. As another example, K+ uptake can be influenced by the amount of NH4+ available.The root, especially the root hair, is the most essential organ for the uptake of nutrients. The structure and architecture of the root can alter the rate of nutrient uptake. Nutrient ions are transported to the center of the root, the stele in order for the nutrients to reach the conducting tissues, xylem and phloem. The Casparian strip, a cell wall outside the stele but within the root, prevents passive flow of water and nutrients, helping to regulate the uptake of nutrients and water. Xylem moves water and inorganic molecules within the plant and phloem accounts for organic molecule transportation. Water potential plays a key role in a plants nutrient uptake. If the water potential is more negative within the plant than the surrounding soils, the nutrients will move from the region of higher solute concentration—in the soil—to the area of lower solute concentration: in the plant.There are three fundamental ways plants uptake nutrients through the root: simple diffusion, occurs when a nonpolar molecule, such as O2, CO2, and NH3 follows a concentration gradient, moving passively through the cell lipid bilayer membrane without the use of transport proteins. facilitated diffusion, is the rapid movement of solutes or ions following a concentration gradient, facilitated by transport proteins. Active transport, is the uptake by cells of ions or molecules against a concentration gradient; this requires an energy source, usually ATP, to power molecular pumps that move the ions or molecules through the membrane. Nutrients are moved inside a plant to where they are most needed. For example, a plant will try to supply more nutrients to its younger leaves than to its older ones. When nutrients are mobile, symptoms of any deficiency become apparent first on the older leaves. However, not all nutrients are equally mobile. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are mobile nutrients, while the others have varying degrees of mobility. When a less mobile nutrient is deficient, the younger leaves suffer because the nutrient does not move up to them but stays in the older leaves. This phenomenon is helpful in determining which nutrients a plant may be lacking.Many plants engage in symbiosis with microorganisms. Two important types of these relationship are with bacteria such as rhizobia, that carry out biological nitrogen fixation, in which atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into ammonium (NH4); and with mycorrhizal fungi, which through their association with the plant roots help to create a larger effective root surface area. Both of these mutualistic relationships enhance nutrient uptake. Though nitrogen is plentiful in the Earth's atmosphere, relatively few plants harbor nitrogen fixing bacteria, so most plants rely on nitrogen compounds present in the soil to support their growth. These can be supplied by mineralization of soil organic matter or added plant residues, nitrogen fixing bacteria, animal waste, or through the application of fertilizers.Hydroponics, is a method for growing plants in a water-nutrient solution without the use of nutrient-rich soil. It allows researchers and home gardeners to grow their plants in a controlled environment. The most common solution, is the Hoagland solution, developed by D. R. Hoagland in 1933, the solution consists of all the essential nutrients in the correct proportions necessary for most plant growth. An aerator is used to prevent an anoxic event or hypoxia. Hypoxia can affect nutrient uptake of a plant because without oxygen present, respiration becomes inhibited within the root cells. The Nutrient film technique is a variation of hydroponic technique. The roots are not fully submerged, which allows for adequate aeration of the roots, while a ""film"" thin layer of nutrient rich water is pumped through the system to provide nutrients and water to the plant.