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Chapter 34
Chapter 34

... • One sperm fertilizes the egg while the other sperm fuses with the polar nuclei to form endosperm. • This process of using two sperm cells in fertilization is called double fertilization. ...
Nerve activates contraction
Nerve activates contraction

... dormant under an extensive clone produced by asexual reproduction. • After a major disturbance (fire, drought, for example) kills some or all of the clone, the seeds in the soil can germinate as conditions improve. • Because the seedlings will vary in their genetic traits, some plants will succeed i ...
I. About 420 MYA, the first vascular plants evolve as plants move
I. About 420 MYA, the first vascular plants evolve as plants move

... D. There are Stomata (openings) on the leaves for gas exchange to occur during photosynthesis. E. Most plants possess vascular tissue. (Not found in Bryophytes.) 1. Xylem (Carries water up the plant towards the leaves.)(These are dead, hollow cells.) a. There are two types of xylem cells: Tracheids ...
Chapter 15 Plant Responses to Stimuli
Chapter 15 Plant Responses to Stimuli

... ► They also delay the aging of leaves and fruit. ► Work by influencing the synthesis and activation of proteins that are required for mitosis. ► Oligosaccharins are a recently discovered class of growth promoters. They stimulate plants to manufacture antibiotics in response to attack by fungi or bac ...
Green plant diversity
Green plant diversity

... Female cone with each scale bearing usually two ovules; directly exposed to pollen ...
Plant Anatomy: Intro to Plant Reproduction
Plant Anatomy: Intro to Plant Reproduction

... Female cone with each scale bearing usually two ovules; directly exposed to pollen ...
tips on caring for cyclamens
tips on caring for cyclamens

... After Blooming - Cyclamen Care When the plant stops blooming, its leaves will begin to turn yellow and it will enter a dormant state. Most people discard the plant at that point. However, you may be able to force it to bloom again. Stop watering when the leaves turn yellow and wither. Keep the pot i ...
table1
table1

... Table 1: Plant parts and number of plants to be sampled for field crops at different growth stages ...
and water. Another product of cellular respiration is the energy that
and water. Another product of cellular respiration is the energy that

... _________________ of a plant cell. Plants are considered to be ________________ since they can make their own food. The products of photosynthesis are ________________ and _________________, which is food for the plant. One of the functions of all living things is _____________________. In this proc ...
Chapter 9
Chapter 9

... b. Indeterminate growth 3. Differentiation of cells B. Development Defined • the process of growth and differentiation of cells into tissues, organs, and organisms II. Nutrients, Vitamins, and Hormones A. Nutrients Defined ·necessary for plant growth and maintenance B. Vitamins Defined ·Organic mole ...
Plant Science
Plant Science

... homes and businesses for aesthetic purposes ...
Inula britannica - SE-EPPC
Inula britannica - SE-EPPC

... hairs surrounding each flower). It is sometimes confused with other native plants such as horseweed (Conyza canadensis), which is an annual erect herb with toothed leaf margins. Habitat: Moist habitat types including riparian areas, marshes, wet meadows, ditches, wet grasslands, and wet woods. It ma ...
are an example of a nonvascular plant. Flowers an
are an example of a nonvascular plant. Flowers an

... have different characteristics that set them apart from one another. This is the same within any group of organisms. They can be further split into smaller groups based on physical, behavioral, or a number of different types of characteristics. Plants are no different. Plants are as diverse as anima ...
Seed Plants - Elmwood Park Memorial Middle School
Seed Plants - Elmwood Park Memorial Middle School

... together in the flower’s ovule. The zygote develops into the embryo part of the seed. Angiosperms can be pollinated by the wind, birds, or insects which get the pollen on their bodies when they come to get the nectar. They transfer the pollen to the egg cell. As the seed develops, the ovary changes ...
6-2.5 - S2TEM Centers SC
6-2.5 - S2TEM Centers SC

... This lesson is an example of how a teacher might address the intent of this indicator. Science and Technology kit, Experiments with Plants, provides an opportunity for conceptual development of the concepts within the standard. If this is not available and you are able, obtain Wisconsin Fast Plants ...
Plant Reproduction
Plant Reproduction

... root at the tips, forming new plants (Forsythia, Raspberry and Strawberry) • Horizontal above ground stems are called stolons ...
English
English

... Objective 2: Discuss the annual life cycle. (PowerPoint Slides 5 and 6) II. Plants that complete their life cycle within one growing season are considered to be annuals. A. A typical annual plant might require about 120 days after seed germination to produce seed. The germination process takes rough ...
Climatic Factors Affect Plant Growth
Climatic Factors Affect Plant Growth

... into chemical energy. The rate of photosynthesis varies with different wavelengths, but the quality (wavelength) of sunlight does not vary enough in a given region to have an important differential effect on the rate of photosynthesis. The intensity of sunlight (measurable energy) and duration of su ...
Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)

... agent rearing and distribution program. This program focuses on two foliageconsuming beetles (Galerucella sp.). These beetles can reduce populations by > 90% within five years, although the level of reduction varies by site and year. Plant size and seed production are typically greatly reduced, but ...
Chapter 2 Plants - Pearson Australia
Chapter 2 Plants - Pearson Australia

... both parents. ...
Cellular Mechanics - The Virtual Plant
Cellular Mechanics - The Virtual Plant

... Unlike vertebrates, land plants have no obvious hard skeleton to help resist the pull of gravity. Land plants do not benefit from the buoyant effect of water as do aquatic plants. ...
Poinsettias: Year after Year - College of Agricultural, Consumer and
Poinsettias: Year after Year - College of Agricultural, Consumer and

... night conditions of winter, so it is easy for nurseries to bring them into color in time for winter holidays. The beauty of poinsettias can persist from Thanksgiving through Christmas, and sometimes even to Valentine’s Day. Some gardeners are not satisfied with this long season of indoor beauty and ...
9.3 Plant Growth
9.3 Plant Growth

... Physiology of Seed Germination  Dormancy  Many seeds do not germinate as soon as they are dispersed  Incomplete seed development  Embryo is immature and becomes mature during the dormancy period ...
Non vascular plants and ferns
Non vascular plants and ferns

... Evolution of Land Plants • Land plants evolved from green algae • The green algae called charophyceans are the closest relatives of land plants • Comparisons of both nuclear and chloroplast genes – Point to charophyceans as the closest living relatives of land plants ...
Non-Vascular Plants and Ferns
Non-Vascular Plants and Ferns

... Evolution of Land Plants • Land plants evolved from green algae • The green algae called charophyceans are the closest relatives of land plants • Comparisons of both nuclear and chloroplast genes – Point to charophyceans as the closest living relatives of land plants ...
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History of botany



The history of botany examines the human effort to understand life on Earth by tracing the historical development of the discipline of botany—that part of natural science dealing with organisms traditionally treated as plants.Rudimentary botanical science began with empirically-based plant lore passed from generation to generation in the oral traditions of paleolithic hunter-gatherers. The first written records of plants were made in the Neolithic Revolution about 10,000 years ago as writing was developed in the settled agricultural communities where plants and animals were first domesticated. The first writings that show human curiosity about plants themselves, rather than the uses that could be made of them, appears in the teachings of Aristotle's student Theophrastus at the Lyceum in ancient Athens in about 350 BC; this is considered the starting point for modern botany. In Europe, this early botanical science was soon overshadowed by a medieval preoccupation with the medicinal properties of plants that lasted more than 1000 years. During this time, the medicinal works of classical antiquity were reproduced in manuscripts and books called herbals. In China and the Arab world, the Greco-Roman work on medicinal plants was preserved and extended.In Europe the Renaissance of the 14th–17th centuries heralded a scientific revival during which botany gradually emerged from natural history as an independent science, distinct from medicine and agriculture. Herbals were replaced by floras: books that described the native plants of local regions. The invention of the microscope stimulated the study of plant anatomy, and the first carefully designed experiments in plant physiology were performed. With the expansion of trade and exploration beyond Europe, the many new plants being discovered were subjected to an increasingly rigorous process of naming, description, and classification.Progressively more sophisticated scientific technology has aided the development of contemporary botanical offshoots in the plant sciences, ranging from the applied fields of economic botany (notably agriculture, horticulture and forestry), to the detailed examination of the structure and function of plants and their interaction with the environment over many scales from the large-scale global significance of vegetation and plant communities (biogeography and ecology) through to the small scale of subjects like cell theory, molecular biology and plant biochemistry.
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