Negative learning bias is associated with risk aversion in
... difference in cLH and WT rats’ sensitivities to the changes in reward size (ANOVA: all Fs < 3, P > .05, data not shown; see Methods for description of statistical analysis). However, when using smaller changes in reward size (3 vs. 4 boluses for the upshift; 3 vs. 2 boluses for the downshift), cLH r ...
... difference in cLH and WT rats’ sensitivities to the changes in reward size (ANOVA: all Fs < 3, P > .05, data not shown; see Methods for description of statistical analysis). However, when using smaller changes in reward size (3 vs. 4 boluses for the upshift; 3 vs. 2 boluses for the downshift), cLH r ...
Bischoff_Thesis_notes
... association cortex, areas of lateral frontal cortex) o Inputs from dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain VTA, retrorubral area, and dorsal tier of SNc o Contains clusters of cells (matrisomes) related to arm movement for example, that correspond to projecting cells of the arm area of motor cortex # ...
... association cortex, areas of lateral frontal cortex) o Inputs from dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain VTA, retrorubral area, and dorsal tier of SNc o Contains clusters of cells (matrisomes) related to arm movement for example, that correspond to projecting cells of the arm area of motor cortex # ...
Cell-intrinsic drivers of dendrite morphogenesis
... the layer they occupy, but typically have a multipolar morphology with a single apical dendrite, multiple basal dendrites and a single axon. Like granule neurons, cortical neurons can be studied in dissociated culture, slices and in vivo. Dendritic arborization (da) neurons. These are lateral periph ...
... the layer they occupy, but typically have a multipolar morphology with a single apical dendrite, multiple basal dendrites and a single axon. Like granule neurons, cortical neurons can be studied in dissociated culture, slices and in vivo. Dendritic arborization (da) neurons. These are lateral periph ...
MARCKS modulates radial progenitor placement
... 2003; Suzuki et al., 2001; Wodarz et al., 2000; Yamanaka et al., 2001). Moreover, PIP2 has recently been shown to complex with key components of the polarity machinery, including PTEN, CDC42 and aPKCζ. The loss of aPKCζ or PIP2 localization causes apically confined signaling proteins to lose their p ...
... 2003; Suzuki et al., 2001; Wodarz et al., 2000; Yamanaka et al., 2001). Moreover, PIP2 has recently been shown to complex with key components of the polarity machinery, including PTEN, CDC42 and aPKCζ. The loss of aPKCζ or PIP2 localization causes apically confined signaling proteins to lose their p ...
Glial cell biology in Drosophila and vertebrates
... existence of ‘pioneering’ glial types with growth-cone-like structures at the leading edge. Such glia are emerging as a common feature of glia migrating along axons, and highly dynamic, exploratory glial pioneers have also been observed during nerve development in the Drosophila wing [26]. The Droso ...
... existence of ‘pioneering’ glial types with growth-cone-like structures at the leading edge. Such glia are emerging as a common feature of glia migrating along axons, and highly dynamic, exploratory glial pioneers have also been observed during nerve development in the Drosophila wing [26]. The Droso ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... multivariate correlations were calculated using SPSS for Windows 14.0 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL): The multivariate tests of significance for within cells regression of 4 dendritic parameters with 2 axonal parameters (Fig. 10C) were at significance levels >0.11 for all used test metrics (Pillais, Hotelli ...
... multivariate correlations were calculated using SPSS for Windows 14.0 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL): The multivariate tests of significance for within cells regression of 4 dendritic parameters with 2 axonal parameters (Fig. 10C) were at significance levels >0.11 for all used test metrics (Pillais, Hotelli ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... principal sleep-promoting cell group within the POA and BFB (Sherin et al., 1996). More recent c-fos studies found other sleep-promoting cell groups, as well as waking-promoting ones, in the POA and BFB (Gong et al., 2000; Gvilia et al., 2006; Modirrousta et al., 2004). However, c-fos expression stu ...
... principal sleep-promoting cell group within the POA and BFB (Sherin et al., 1996). More recent c-fos studies found other sleep-promoting cell groups, as well as waking-promoting ones, in the POA and BFB (Gong et al., 2000; Gvilia et al., 2006; Modirrousta et al., 2004). However, c-fos expression stu ...
Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus
... contralateral vestibular nuclei, indicating that commissural inhibition is accomplished through at least two processing streams with differential input and output properties. Key words: MVN; cerebellum; action potential; afterdepolarization; afterhyperpolarization; single-cell RT-PCR; vestibulo-ocul ...
... contralateral vestibular nuclei, indicating that commissural inhibition is accomplished through at least two processing streams with differential input and output properties. Key words: MVN; cerebellum; action potential; afterdepolarization; afterhyperpolarization; single-cell RT-PCR; vestibulo-ocul ...
The Roles of the Amygdala and the Hippocampus in Fear
... The amygdala and hippocampus, two medial temporal lobe structures, are two independent systems, which both seem to have unique functions in fear memory formation. The hippocampus is necessary for the acquisition of declarative knowledge of the emotional significance of a stimulus whereas the amygdal ...
... The amygdala and hippocampus, two medial temporal lobe structures, are two independent systems, which both seem to have unique functions in fear memory formation. The hippocampus is necessary for the acquisition of declarative knowledge of the emotional significance of a stimulus whereas the amygdal ...
Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions
... Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions related to psychiatric disorders Albert Batalla Cases ...
... Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions related to psychiatric disorders Albert Batalla Cases ...
Local network regulation of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus
... will preferentially release glutamate and increase the excitability of postsynaptic orexin neurons. With higher firing frequencies, glutamate release becomes depressed (133), while peptide release would be favored. This will initially induce an inhibitory postsynaptic response due to the inhibitory ...
... will preferentially release glutamate and increase the excitability of postsynaptic orexin neurons. With higher firing frequencies, glutamate release becomes depressed (133), while peptide release would be favored. This will initially induce an inhibitory postsynaptic response due to the inhibitory ...
View PDF - MRC BNDU - University of Oxford
... labelling was assessed, and all immunopositive neurons throughout the depth of the selected sections were included. Quantification of the co-expression of different markers was determined as follows: first, neurons that showed the DAB-brown precipitate in the soma and primary dendrites were consider ...
... labelling was assessed, and all immunopositive neurons throughout the depth of the selected sections were included. Quantification of the co-expression of different markers was determined as follows: first, neurons that showed the DAB-brown precipitate in the soma and primary dendrites were consider ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... Animals can learn to modify their voluntary behavior to gain rewards in the positive reinforcement form of operant conditioning. It has been shown that animals can also learn to modify neuronal activity that is directly rewarded by using electrophysiological recordings. Electrophysiological approach ...
... Animals can learn to modify their voluntary behavior to gain rewards in the positive reinforcement form of operant conditioning. It has been shown that animals can also learn to modify neuronal activity that is directly rewarded by using electrophysiological recordings. Electrophysiological approach ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for synaptic
... Based on a phylogenetic analysis using the PDZ domain sequences, we found that the cla-‐1 PDZ ...
... Based on a phylogenetic analysis using the PDZ domain sequences, we found that the cla-‐1 PDZ ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for
... Based on a phylogenetic analysis using the PDZ domain sequences, we found that the cla-‐1 PDZ ...
... Based on a phylogenetic analysis using the PDZ domain sequences, we found that the cla-‐1 PDZ ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... Cholinergic neurons are located in other parts of the rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neuron ...
... Cholinergic neurons are located in other parts of the rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neuron ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... Cholinergic neurons are located in other parts of the rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neuron ...
... Cholinergic neurons are located in other parts of the rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neuron ...
The subthalamic nucleus in the context of movement disorders
... cortex, pre-motor cortex, and portions of the somatosensory dorsal parietal cortex); (ii) the dorsolateral portion of the postcommissural putamen and a small rim of the head of the caudate; and (iii) the lateral two-thirds of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) and a small portion of the substantia ni ...
... cortex, pre-motor cortex, and portions of the somatosensory dorsal parietal cortex); (ii) the dorsolateral portion of the postcommissural putamen and a small rim of the head of the caudate; and (iii) the lateral two-thirds of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) and a small portion of the substantia ni ...
Extracellular Glutamate, Glutamine, and GABA in the Hippocampus
... Epilepsy, a disorder characterized by repeated unprovoked seizures, affects 1-3% of the population (1). Epilepsy is broadly classified as localization-related or generalized, depending on whether it originates in one hemisphere or involves the cortex bilaterally, respectively. Epilepsy can be furthe ...
... Epilepsy, a disorder characterized by repeated unprovoked seizures, affects 1-3% of the population (1). Epilepsy is broadly classified as localization-related or generalized, depending on whether it originates in one hemisphere or involves the cortex bilaterally, respectively. Epilepsy can be furthe ...
Anatomy of Neuropsychiatry : The New Anatomy of the
... not only from new methods of exploring the brain, including new neuroanatomical staining techniques and brain imaging methods in humans, but also from a need to unite our knowledge of brain function and structure with clinical observations. The task is to enable an integration of brain-behavior rela ...
... not only from new methods of exploring the brain, including new neuroanatomical staining techniques and brain imaging methods in humans, but also from a need to unite our knowledge of brain function and structure with clinical observations. The task is to enable an integration of brain-behavior rela ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... Recently, the role of specific forms of activity in inf luencing dendritic growth in vivo has been studied in an elegant series of experiments from Cline and colleagues. By imaging the dynamics of tectal neuron dendrites in vivo, dendritic structure was found to be plastic early in development and t ...
... Recently, the role of specific forms of activity in inf luencing dendritic growth in vivo has been studied in an elegant series of experiments from Cline and colleagues. By imaging the dynamics of tectal neuron dendrites in vivo, dendritic structure was found to be plastic early in development and t ...
Number, Density, and Surface/Cytoplasmic
... His6– GFP fluorescent intensity before and after the gel was polymerized using a fluorometer and found no changes (data not shown). This agrees with a previously published paper that characterized GFP in polyacrylamide gels (Dickson et al., 1997). E xposing the GFP-beads to 4% paraformaldehyde, pH 8 ...
... His6– GFP fluorescent intensity before and after the gel was polymerized using a fluorometer and found no changes (data not shown). This agrees with a previously published paper that characterized GFP in polyacrylamide gels (Dickson et al., 1997). E xposing the GFP-beads to 4% paraformaldehyde, pH 8 ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... operidol or chlorpromazine or in patients with Parkinson’s disease who have a loss of DA-producing neurons.74-76 Additionally, D2 agonists like ropinirole can produce sleepiness via activation of autoinhibitory D2 receptors that reduce DA signaling.77,78 However, it is unclear which DA neurons actua ...
... operidol or chlorpromazine or in patients with Parkinson’s disease who have a loss of DA-producing neurons.74-76 Additionally, D2 agonists like ropinirole can produce sleepiness via activation of autoinhibitory D2 receptors that reduce DA signaling.77,78 However, it is unclear which DA neurons actua ...
Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the
... encounter distinct types of inhibitory interneurons (e.g., Barbas et al., 2005b; Germuska et al., 2006). Moreover, laminar-specific connections can be used to infer the flow of information by analogy with sensory cortices. Feedforward projections originate from neurons in layers 2–3 of earlier-proce ...
... encounter distinct types of inhibitory interneurons (e.g., Barbas et al., 2005b; Germuska et al., 2006). Moreover, laminar-specific connections can be used to infer the flow of information by analogy with sensory cortices. Feedforward projections originate from neurons in layers 2–3 of earlier-proce ...
Structure and Function of the Brain Serotonin System
... around and within the caudal and lateral aspects of the interpeduncular nucleus. Caudally, the ventral border of this group is the trapezoid body, and the dorsal border fuses with the ventromedial (interfascicular) component of the DRN. In cats the MRN begins as a single cluster of cells at the leve ...
... around and within the caudal and lateral aspects of the interpeduncular nucleus. Caudally, the ventral border of this group is the trapezoid body, and the dorsal border fuses with the ventromedial (interfascicular) component of the DRN. In cats the MRN begins as a single cluster of cells at the leve ...