Neuropeptide-Mediated Facilitation and Inhibition of Sensory Inputs
... data from the number of experiments indicated in each case. Results are expressed as means 6 SE; n numbers given in the text refer to the number of animals studied. ...
... data from the number of experiments indicated in each case. Results are expressed as means 6 SE; n numbers given in the text refer to the number of animals studied. ...
MECHANISMS OF VERTEBRATE SYNAPTOGENESIS
... process involving a myriad of signaling molecules. Prior to synapse formation, secreted molecules such as netrins and semaphorins guide axons to their targets. These axons then encounter priming factors secreted by target neurons and the surrounding glia, including fibroblast growth factor (FGFs), Wn ...
... process involving a myriad of signaling molecules. Prior to synapse formation, secreted molecules such as netrins and semaphorins guide axons to their targets. These axons then encounter priming factors secreted by target neurons and the surrounding glia, including fibroblast growth factor (FGFs), Wn ...
NMDA Receptors Contribute to Primary Visceral Afferent
... synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different autonomic reflex pathways or to limitations of the microinjection technique, which typically relies on relatively large volumes (10–100 nl) of highly concentrated agents th ...
... synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different autonomic reflex pathways or to limitations of the microinjection technique, which typically relies on relatively large volumes (10–100 nl) of highly concentrated agents th ...
Evaluation of ventral root reimplantation as a treatment of
... While peripheral nerve neurotmesis can be treated with a good functional outcome using routine surgical principles for peripheral nerve injuries [14], root avulsion was until now beyond repair, not only because of the size of the gap separating the spinal cord from the avulsed rootlets, but also bec ...
... While peripheral nerve neurotmesis can be treated with a good functional outcome using routine surgical principles for peripheral nerve injuries [14], root avulsion was until now beyond repair, not only because of the size of the gap separating the spinal cord from the avulsed rootlets, but also bec ...
No Direct Projection is Observed from the Substantia Nigra to the
... Our previous data suggest that gastric motor function is impaired in both digestive and interdigestive phases in 6-OHDA rats [12], consistent with reports from clinical studies [19]. Cholinergic neurons in the DMV promote gastric emptying via the vagus nerve. However, catecholaminergic neurons (rele ...
... Our previous data suggest that gastric motor function is impaired in both digestive and interdigestive phases in 6-OHDA rats [12], consistent with reports from clinical studies [19]. Cholinergic neurons in the DMV promote gastric emptying via the vagus nerve. However, catecholaminergic neurons (rele ...
Skeletal System
... of the vertebral column, the lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots angle sharply downward and travel inferiorly before reaching their intervertebral foramina This collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal is called the cauda equina The arrangement reflects the fact that dur ...
... of the vertebral column, the lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots angle sharply downward and travel inferiorly before reaching their intervertebral foramina This collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal is called the cauda equina The arrangement reflects the fact that dur ...
HYPOTHALAMUS
... Plate 29 shows the relationship of troph-hormone producing cells to fenestrated capillaries in the anterior pituitary. The magno- and parvocellular cell groups producing the hypothalamic hormones receive a variety of stimuli from different parts of the brain, primarily within the hypothalamus, but ...
... Plate 29 shows the relationship of troph-hormone producing cells to fenestrated capillaries in the anterior pituitary. The magno- and parvocellular cell groups producing the hypothalamic hormones receive a variety of stimuli from different parts of the brain, primarily within the hypothalamus, but ...
Essentials in the neuronal organization of the CNS
... understand the neuronal organization of the central nervous system. It was written based on several years of teaching experience both as a lecturer and as a laboratory instructor. It will, presumably, help the students to select the chapters of the textbooks and within the chapters ultimately the ne ...
... understand the neuronal organization of the central nervous system. It was written based on several years of teaching experience both as a lecturer and as a laboratory instructor. It will, presumably, help the students to select the chapters of the textbooks and within the chapters ultimately the ne ...
Time-delay-induced phase-transition to synchrony in coupled
... axonal lengths. In recent years, many theoretical and computational studies of nonlinear oscillators reported various interesting effects of time-delays on phase synchrony. One of the important time-delay induced effects is a phase-flip transition leading to synchrony or out of synchrony. Here, we c ...
... axonal lengths. In recent years, many theoretical and computational studies of nonlinear oscillators reported various interesting effects of time-delays on phase synchrony. One of the important time-delay induced effects is a phase-flip transition leading to synchrony or out of synchrony. Here, we c ...
Anatomy of Olivocochlear Neurons
... The ratio of LOC to MOC neurons is also variable among species. In the extreme, a bat species similar to the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, lacks MOC neurons; in contrast, guinea pigs have approximately equal numbers of LOC and MOC neurons (Aschoff and Ostwald 1987). In cats and mice, the percent ...
... The ratio of LOC to MOC neurons is also variable among species. In the extreme, a bat species similar to the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, lacks MOC neurons; in contrast, guinea pigs have approximately equal numbers of LOC and MOC neurons (Aschoff and Ostwald 1987). In cats and mice, the percent ...
48x36 Poster Template
... My topic is neuronal primary cilia and the role they play in neuro-degeneration. Even though cilia were discovered over 100 years ago, many scientists to this day do not know the function of primary cilia. My research question is: What role do neuronal primary cilia have in the neuro-degeneration in ...
... My topic is neuronal primary cilia and the role they play in neuro-degeneration. Even though cilia were discovered over 100 years ago, many scientists to this day do not know the function of primary cilia. My research question is: What role do neuronal primary cilia have in the neuro-degeneration in ...
The sacral autonomic outflow is sympathetic
... mouse, is condensed into a bona fide ganglion — and are considered, by definition, parasympathetic 15. Since a proportion of pelvic ganglionic neurons receive input from upper lumbar levels (half of them in rats16) thus from sympathetic VMs, the pelvic ganglion is considered mixed, sympathetic and p ...
... mouse, is condensed into a bona fide ganglion — and are considered, by definition, parasympathetic 15. Since a proportion of pelvic ganglionic neurons receive input from upper lumbar levels (half of them in rats16) thus from sympathetic VMs, the pelvic ganglion is considered mixed, sympathetic and p ...
Pathophysiology of Paresthesia
... transcription. Blockade of PIC signaling could be an effective way to suppress central sensitization and alleviate chronic pain. Various protein regulation is seen in peripheral sensitization, peripheral nerve injury induced by various animal studies changes transient receptor potential (TRP) channe ...
... transcription. Blockade of PIC signaling could be an effective way to suppress central sensitization and alleviate chronic pain. Various protein regulation is seen in peripheral sensitization, peripheral nerve injury induced by various animal studies changes transient receptor potential (TRP) channe ...
Molecular heterogeneity of central synapses: afferent and target
... studies indicate this is due primarily to expression by GABAergic but not glutamatergic neurons9,12,13. Direct evidence for targeting of GAD to all presynaptic terminals of expressing cells has been shown by colocalization of GAD and synaptophysin immunofluorescence puncta in isolated neuron culture ...
... studies indicate this is due primarily to expression by GABAergic but not glutamatergic neurons9,12,13. Direct evidence for targeting of GAD to all presynaptic terminals of expressing cells has been shown by colocalization of GAD and synaptophysin immunofluorescence puncta in isolated neuron culture ...
2. Aim of the thesis
... demonstrates that the LnAChR subunits are expressed exclusively in neurons. Therefore, we concluded that the identified LnAChR subunits all represent subunits of neuronal-type nAChRs. Expression of LnAChR subunits is observed in all ganglia of the Lymnaea CNS. The expression level of most LnAChR sub ...
... demonstrates that the LnAChR subunits are expressed exclusively in neurons. Therefore, we concluded that the identified LnAChR subunits all represent subunits of neuronal-type nAChRs. Expression of LnAChR subunits is observed in all ganglia of the Lymnaea CNS. The expression level of most LnAChR sub ...
Neurons
... monitoring which neurons are firing action potentials – For example, the brain interprets action potentials that occur in the axons of the eye and travel to the visual areas of the brain as the sensation of light – Therefore, you distinguish the sound of music from the taste of coffee, or the bitter ...
... monitoring which neurons are firing action potentials – For example, the brain interprets action potentials that occur in the axons of the eye and travel to the visual areas of the brain as the sensation of light – Therefore, you distinguish the sound of music from the taste of coffee, or the bitter ...
Visual system
... front to back. • The anterior chamber is the space between the cornea and the iris. It is continuous, via the pupil, with the posterior chamber, which is the area between the iris and the lens. • The anterior and posterior chambers are filled with aqueous humor, a clear fluid that provides nourishme ...
... front to back. • The anterior chamber is the space between the cornea and the iris. It is continuous, via the pupil, with the posterior chamber, which is the area between the iris and the lens. • The anterior and posterior chambers are filled with aqueous humor, a clear fluid that provides nourishme ...
neural circuitry approaches to understanding the pathophysiology
... multipolar, bitufted), the most discriminating and functionally meaningful classification system is based on the organization of the axonal arbor and synaptic targets of the axon terminals. In addition, GABA neurons are chemically heterogeneous, and separate subpopulations can be identified by the p ...
... multipolar, bitufted), the most discriminating and functionally meaningful classification system is based on the organization of the axonal arbor and synaptic targets of the axon terminals. In addition, GABA neurons are chemically heterogeneous, and separate subpopulations can be identified by the p ...
Muscarine Hyperpolarizes a Subpopulation of Neurons by Activating
... had a slopeof 1.05 that is not significantly different from unity. pK, was calculated for each concentration of PZP and the correspondingdose ratio (DR) according to the equation: pK,, = log(DR - l), - log[PZP],. The mean pK, calculated from each pK,, (n = 11) was 6.64 + 0.07 (95% confidence limits, ...
... had a slopeof 1.05 that is not significantly different from unity. pK, was calculated for each concentration of PZP and the correspondingdose ratio (DR) according to the equation: pK,, = log(DR - l), - log[PZP],. The mean pK, calculated from each pK,, (n = 11) was 6.64 + 0.07 (95% confidence limits, ...
PDF
... neural pathways that encode intensity. In the present study, we provide evidence that planar cells, a subclass of multipolar cells in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), project to the LSO. The LSO receives input from two neural pathways that originate in each CN (Warr, 1966; van Noort, 1969; Tolber ...
... neural pathways that encode intensity. In the present study, we provide evidence that planar cells, a subclass of multipolar cells in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), project to the LSO. The LSO receives input from two neural pathways that originate in each CN (Warr, 1966; van Noort, 1969; Tolber ...
Neuronal circuitries involved in thermoregulation
... years, new investigation approaches have helped breaking this stagnation, particularly for the efferent pathways from the PO. Recent physiological studies have shown possible roles of the vagus nerve in thermoregulation. Especially, the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerves seems to work as important signal ...
... years, new investigation approaches have helped breaking this stagnation, particularly for the efferent pathways from the PO. Recent physiological studies have shown possible roles of the vagus nerve in thermoregulation. Especially, the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerves seems to work as important signal ...
Evolution of Patterning Systems and Circuit Elements for Locomotion
... to only a few classes of neurons (Jessell, 2000). Despite these significant differences, many species appear to use a common set of intrinsic determinants during early neural patterning. In this section, we compare and contrast the mechanisms of neural induction and global patterning within the two ...
... to only a few classes of neurons (Jessell, 2000). Despite these significant differences, many species appear to use a common set of intrinsic determinants during early neural patterning. In this section, we compare and contrast the mechanisms of neural induction and global patterning within the two ...
found that in flight, 3D hippocampal place cells had nearly spherical
... coding of 3D volumetric space by hippocampal neurons. We recorded a total of 139 well-isolated neurons from five bats in the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus (19). About half of the cells [73 out of 139 (73/139) or 53%] were active during flight, and 75% of the active cells (55/73) were classifi ...
... coding of 3D volumetric space by hippocampal neurons. We recorded a total of 139 well-isolated neurons from five bats in the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus (19). About half of the cells [73 out of 139 (73/139) or 53%] were active during flight, and 75% of the active cells (55/73) were classifi ...
CASE 47
... The basal ganglia, located near the thalamus in the diencephalon, are composed of five pairs of nuclei: the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia receive synaptic input from motor cortex (as well as from sensory association and prefro ...
... The basal ganglia, located near the thalamus in the diencephalon, are composed of five pairs of nuclei: the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia receive synaptic input from motor cortex (as well as from sensory association and prefro ...