Granger causality analysis of state dependent functional connectivity
... cycles has not been well investigated. Furthermore, how changes in networks of neurons can be assessed is a research in network science itself. In this study, we simultaneously recorded jaw kinematics and spiking activity of neuronal ensemble in the orofacial area of MI and used the generalized line ...
... cycles has not been well investigated. Furthermore, how changes in networks of neurons can be assessed is a research in network science itself. In this study, we simultaneously recorded jaw kinematics and spiking activity of neuronal ensemble in the orofacial area of MI and used the generalized line ...
The Spinal Interneurons and Properties of
... activity in motoneurons on the other (Fig. 1 B). We first examined connections from sensory neurons (RB) to sensory interneurons (dlc interneurons) in the dorsolateral region of the cord. With the spinal cord opened along its dorsal midline, RB neurons can be recognized by their large size and posit ...
... activity in motoneurons on the other (Fig. 1 B). We first examined connections from sensory neurons (RB) to sensory interneurons (dlc interneurons) in the dorsolateral region of the cord. With the spinal cord opened along its dorsal midline, RB neurons can be recognized by their large size and posit ...
Horizontal Synaptic Connections in Monkey Prefrontal Cortex: An In
... this remains to be experimentally tested. Furthermore, in monkey primary visual cortex, the axon terminals of horizontal connections contact pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons in a proportion similar to the frequency of each cell type in the cortex, suggesting that these connections do not have targ ...
... this remains to be experimentally tested. Furthermore, in monkey primary visual cortex, the axon terminals of horizontal connections contact pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons in a proportion similar to the frequency of each cell type in the cortex, suggesting that these connections do not have targ ...
Neural correlates for perception of 3d surface orientation from texture
... could thus correctly perform the crossmatching of texture and disparity gradients even with novel orientations (tests 1 and 3) and patterns (tests 2 and 3) without training. Monkeys regarded texture and disparity gradients as equivalent depth cues, and they perceived a 3D surface orientation from te ...
... could thus correctly perform the crossmatching of texture and disparity gradients even with novel orientations (tests 1 and 3) and patterns (tests 2 and 3) without training. Monkeys regarded texture and disparity gradients as equivalent depth cues, and they perceived a 3D surface orientation from te ...
BIo 218 Lecture Outline Tortora Ch18
... The spinal cord contains a core of gray matter, shaped like a butterfly when viewed in cross section, that is surrounded by white matter: a. the gray matter consists primarily of cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, unmyelinated axons, and dendrites of interneurons and motor neurons b. the white matte ...
... The spinal cord contains a core of gray matter, shaped like a butterfly when viewed in cross section, that is surrounded by white matter: a. the gray matter consists primarily of cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, unmyelinated axons, and dendrites of interneurons and motor neurons b. the white matte ...
The Nervous System in Lumbriculus variegatus
... The giant nerve fibers form two functionally different pathways, as shown in Figure 3. The medial giant fiber (or MGF) is excited by touch sensory stimuli to anterior segments. Once excited, the MGF conducts impulses along the ventral nerve cord and excites segmental motor neurons which, in turn, ex ...
... The giant nerve fibers form two functionally different pathways, as shown in Figure 3. The medial giant fiber (or MGF) is excited by touch sensory stimuli to anterior segments. Once excited, the MGF conducts impulses along the ventral nerve cord and excites segmental motor neurons which, in turn, ex ...
ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
... The giant nerve fibers form two functionally different pathways, as shown in Figure 3. The medial giant fiber (or MGF) is excited by touch sensory stimuli to anterior segments. Once excited, the MGF conducts impulses along the ventral nerve cord and excites segmental motor neurons which, in turn, ex ...
... The giant nerve fibers form two functionally different pathways, as shown in Figure 3. The medial giant fiber (or MGF) is excited by touch sensory stimuli to anterior segments. Once excited, the MGF conducts impulses along the ventral nerve cord and excites segmental motor neurons which, in turn, ex ...
Isodirectional Tuning of Adjacent Interneurons and Pyramidal Cells
... For purposes of data analysis, each trial in the ODR was divided into four epochs (Cue, Delay, Pre, and Post), and the average spike rate across each epoch in a trial was used in subsequent analysis (see Fig. 1B). The Cue epoch lasts for 0.5 s and corresponds to the stimulus presentation phase of th ...
... For purposes of data analysis, each trial in the ODR was divided into four epochs (Cue, Delay, Pre, and Post), and the average spike rate across each epoch in a trial was used in subsequent analysis (see Fig. 1B). The Cue epoch lasts for 0.5 s and corresponds to the stimulus presentation phase of th ...
Intracellular study of rat substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons in
... The electrical membrane properties of 5tl135tattlsa n.~,~ap~!rSreiiculata (SNR) neurons and the,r postsynapuc responses to si~.mulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STH) were studied in an m vitro slice preparation. SNR neurons were divided into two types based on their electrical membrane properties ...
... The electrical membrane properties of 5tl135tattlsa n.~,~ap~!rSreiiculata (SNR) neurons and the,r postsynapuc responses to si~.mulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STH) were studied in an m vitro slice preparation. SNR neurons were divided into two types based on their electrical membrane properties ...
Primitive Roles for Inhibitory Interneurons in Developing Frog Spinal
... mammals by their inputs (whether they are excitatory or inhibitory), their output target neurons, and their roles during responses have been emphasized recently (Jankowska, 2001). However, the differential expression of transcription factors is now beginning to unscramble the developmental origins o ...
... mammals by their inputs (whether they are excitatory or inhibitory), their output target neurons, and their roles during responses have been emphasized recently (Jankowska, 2001). However, the differential expression of transcription factors is now beginning to unscramble the developmental origins o ...
Chapter 12 - Coastal Bend College
... III. Interaction with SC reflexes IV. Structure of peripheral nerves V. Spinal Nerves ...
... III. Interaction with SC reflexes IV. Structure of peripheral nerves V. Spinal Nerves ...
Definition of Neuronal Circuitry Controlling the Activity of Phrenic
... though a few labeled neurons were present in the raphe nuclei, medial reticular formation, and parabrachial nucleus. Nevertheless, differences in the organization of neurons presynaptic to phrenic motoneurons were recently demonstrated in an emetic species, the ferret. In contrast to the rat, the ve ...
... though a few labeled neurons were present in the raphe nuclei, medial reticular formation, and parabrachial nucleus. Nevertheless, differences in the organization of neurons presynaptic to phrenic motoneurons were recently demonstrated in an emetic species, the ferret. In contrast to the rat, the ve ...
Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex
... Neocortical progenitors During early development, there is a dramatic expansion of the neuroepithelium in the dorsolateral wall of the rostral neural tube that will give rise to neocortical projection neurons. The layer immediately adjacent to the ventricle is termed the ventricular zone (VZ). As ne ...
... Neocortical progenitors During early development, there is a dramatic expansion of the neuroepithelium in the dorsolateral wall of the rostral neural tube that will give rise to neocortical projection neurons. The layer immediately adjacent to the ventricle is termed the ventricular zone (VZ). As ne ...
spinal nerves - Coastal Bend College
... III. Interaction with SC reflexes IV. Structure of peripheral nerves V. Spinal Nerves ...
... III. Interaction with SC reflexes IV. Structure of peripheral nerves V. Spinal Nerves ...
A Monosynaptic GABAergic Input from the Inferior Colliculus to the
... potentials in thalamocortical neurons. We used receptor antagonists to test whether GABA is responsible for the IPSPs. Furthermore, we applied blockers of glutamatergic transmission to prevent the local excitation of inhibitory interneurons. The present results suggest that the IC is a source of sho ...
... potentials in thalamocortical neurons. We used receptor antagonists to test whether GABA is responsible for the IPSPs. Furthermore, we applied blockers of glutamatergic transmission to prevent the local excitation of inhibitory interneurons. The present results suggest that the IC is a source of sho ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... called dendrites that receive chemical signals. Receptor proteins on the cell membranes of dendrites can attach to chemical signal molecules. Also attached to the cell body is a long conducting branch called an axon. The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. Th ...
... called dendrites that receive chemical signals. Receptor proteins on the cell membranes of dendrites can attach to chemical signal molecules. Also attached to the cell body is a long conducting branch called an axon. The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. Th ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... called dendrites that receive chemical signals. Receptor proteins on the cell membranes of dendrites can attach to chemical signal molecules. Also attached to the cell body is a long conducting branch called an axon. The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. Th ...
... called dendrites that receive chemical signals. Receptor proteins on the cell membranes of dendrites can attach to chemical signal molecules. Also attached to the cell body is a long conducting branch called an axon. The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. Th ...
Axon
... • Exist in adult nervous system, but inactive except in: • Olfactory epithelium (sensory neurons for smell) • Retina of eye • Hippocampus (part of brain involved in short-term memory storage) ...
... • Exist in adult nervous system, but inactive except in: • Olfactory epithelium (sensory neurons for smell) • Retina of eye • Hippocampus (part of brain involved in short-term memory storage) ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
action potential
... Be able to identify the following morphological features of the neuron and to describe the role they play in receiving and transmitting neural impulses. (basic cell of brain and peripheral nervous system) a. neuron (contains nucleus with RNA and metabolic components) b. cell body (soma) (processes t ...
... Be able to identify the following morphological features of the neuron and to describe the role they play in receiving and transmitting neural impulses. (basic cell of brain and peripheral nervous system) a. neuron (contains nucleus with RNA and metabolic components) b. cell body (soma) (processes t ...
PDF
... the number of bipolar cells in the IZ (LoTurco and Bai, 2006), highlighting the distinct requirements for efficient morphological transformations during radial migration. These changes in morphology are thought to facilitate the initial axonal protrusion of these neurons (Noctor et al., 2004b; Tabat ...
... the number of bipolar cells in the IZ (LoTurco and Bai, 2006), highlighting the distinct requirements for efficient morphological transformations during radial migration. These changes in morphology are thought to facilitate the initial axonal protrusion of these neurons (Noctor et al., 2004b; Tabat ...
serotonergic modulation of swimming speed in the pteropod mollusc
... frequency. A search for neurons that might be involved in such ‘changes of gear’ should focus on cells that produce, in whole or in part, similar changes in pattern generator interneurons (including those added to the pattern generator during fast swimming) and swim motoneurons. These responses can ...
... frequency. A search for neurons that might be involved in such ‘changes of gear’ should focus on cells that produce, in whole or in part, similar changes in pattern generator interneurons (including those added to the pattern generator during fast swimming) and swim motoneurons. These responses can ...
Chapter 2: Communication Within the Nervous System
... appreciate the importance of biological psychology in its own right. This book is for them, too, but I wrote it so any student who is interested in behavior, including the newly declared sophomore major or the curious student who has wandered over from the history department, could have the deeper u ...
... appreciate the importance of biological psychology in its own right. This book is for them, too, but I wrote it so any student who is interested in behavior, including the newly declared sophomore major or the curious student who has wandered over from the history department, could have the deeper u ...
The spinothalamic tract: An examination of the cells of origin of the
... spinal cord transection sparing the dorsal columns. The locations of the cells containing the HRP reaction product were then determined after a 3- to 5day survival time, and the patterns of labeled cell locations of the lesion groups were compared to the control group patterns. In the lesioned anima ...
... spinal cord transection sparing the dorsal columns. The locations of the cells containing the HRP reaction product were then determined after a 3- to 5day survival time, and the patterns of labeled cell locations of the lesion groups were compared to the control group patterns. In the lesioned anima ...
Vestibular System
... Pitch — the brain deciphers pitch by determining which fibers of the cochlear nerve (which hair cells of the spiral organ; what place along the basilar membrane) are maximally active (for > 200 Hz). As the pitch (Hz) of a sound increases, the peak amplitude of basilar membrane displacement regresses ...
... Pitch — the brain deciphers pitch by determining which fibers of the cochlear nerve (which hair cells of the spiral organ; what place along the basilar membrane) are maximally active (for > 200 Hz). As the pitch (Hz) of a sound increases, the peak amplitude of basilar membrane displacement regresses ...