17. Pathways and Integrative Functions
... is called somatotopy (sō-ma -̆ tot ́ō-pē; soma = body, topos = place). For example, recall the homunculus map in chapter 15 (see figure 15.12), which depicted the surface of the precentral gyrus and showed the parts of the primary motor cortex that control specific body regions. The pathways tha ...
... is called somatotopy (sō-ma -̆ tot ́ō-pē; soma = body, topos = place). For example, recall the homunculus map in chapter 15 (see figure 15.12), which depicted the surface of the precentral gyrus and showed the parts of the primary motor cortex that control specific body regions. The pathways tha ...
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... The precise timing of events in the brain has consequences for intracellular processes, synaptic plasticity, integration and network behaviour. Pyramidal neurons, the most widespread excitatory neuron of the neocortex have multiple spike initiation zones, which interact via dendritic and somatic spi ...
... The precise timing of events in the brain has consequences for intracellular processes, synaptic plasticity, integration and network behaviour. Pyramidal neurons, the most widespread excitatory neuron of the neocortex have multiple spike initiation zones, which interact via dendritic and somatic spi ...
Mechanisms of Plasticity of Inhibition in Chronic Pain Conditions
... Emerging evidence of the modulation of ion gradients in adult tissue represents an intriguing mechanism to control synaptic strength, and therefore provides a novel perspective on synaptic plasticity. In particular, evidence of altered chloride homeostasis in pathological conditions also offers nove ...
... Emerging evidence of the modulation of ion gradients in adult tissue represents an intriguing mechanism to control synaptic strength, and therefore provides a novel perspective on synaptic plasticity. In particular, evidence of altered chloride homeostasis in pathological conditions also offers nove ...
Chapter 14 - MDC Faculty Home Pages
... Somatosensory pathways carry signals from skin, muscles, joints Viscerosensory pathways carry signals from viscera Use a series of neurons to relay signal to brain o Primary (1st order) neuron has peripheral ending, cell body in posterior root ganglion, and axon leading to secondary neuron o Seconda ...
... Somatosensory pathways carry signals from skin, muscles, joints Viscerosensory pathways carry signals from viscera Use a series of neurons to relay signal to brain o Primary (1st order) neuron has peripheral ending, cell body in posterior root ganglion, and axon leading to secondary neuron o Seconda ...
Peripheral and Central Mechanisms of Pain Generation
... situations that evoke pain. Pain during disease is different from “normal” pain. It occurs in the absence of external noxious stimuli, during mild stimulation or in an unpredictable way. Types of pain have been classified according to their pathogenesis, and pain research intends to define their neuro ...
... situations that evoke pain. Pain during disease is different from “normal” pain. It occurs in the absence of external noxious stimuli, during mild stimulation or in an unpredictable way. Types of pain have been classified according to their pathogenesis, and pain research intends to define their neuro ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... Abstract—Midbrain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra and retrorubral field play key roles in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons ...
... Abstract—Midbrain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra and retrorubral field play key roles in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons ...
Non-NMDA and NMDA receptors transmit area postrema input to
... mmHg, and pH 5 7.35–7.45) by adjustment of the ventilation rate or intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate. Rectal temperature was maintained within 37 6 1°C with a servocontrolled water blanket and a heat lamp. The electrocardiogram was recorded with subcutaneous electrodes for measuring heart r ...
... mmHg, and pH 5 7.35–7.45) by adjustment of the ventilation rate or intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate. Rectal temperature was maintained within 37 6 1°C with a servocontrolled water blanket and a heat lamp. The electrocardiogram was recorded with subcutaneous electrodes for measuring heart r ...
Control of Wake and Sleep States
... Historical observation: Patients with influenza during 1918 pandemic exhibited insomnia and at autopsy had damages to pre-optic (PO) nucleus. Lesions of PO/BF in cats cause long-lasting insomnia. PO/BF contains a large number of neurons that utilize GABA and have a sleep-on and wake-off firing patte ...
... Historical observation: Patients with influenza during 1918 pandemic exhibited insomnia and at autopsy had damages to pre-optic (PO) nucleus. Lesions of PO/BF in cats cause long-lasting insomnia. PO/BF contains a large number of neurons that utilize GABA and have a sleep-on and wake-off firing patte ...
Quantity and Three-Dimensional Position of the Recurrent and
... their 3-dimensional position within the nucleus ambiguus was mapped. Results: Labeling of the RLN was consistent regardless of the labeling agent used. A mean of 243 LMNs was documented for the RLN. The SLN labeling with FR was consistent and showed a mean of 117 LMNs; however, FG proved to be highl ...
... their 3-dimensional position within the nucleus ambiguus was mapped. Results: Labeling of the RLN was consistent regardless of the labeling agent used. A mean of 243 LMNs was documented for the RLN. The SLN labeling with FR was consistent and showed a mean of 117 LMNs; however, FG proved to be highl ...
Adult Neural Stem Cells and Repair of the Adult
... Traditionally, adult neurogenesis has been investigated with tracers that can be inherited by dividing cells and passed on to their progeny (7,37). The most commonly used tracer is bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analog that incorporates into the DNA during the S phase of mitosis (37). In one ...
... Traditionally, adult neurogenesis has been investigated with tracers that can be inherited by dividing cells and passed on to their progeny (7,37). The most commonly used tracer is bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analog that incorporates into the DNA during the S phase of mitosis (37). In one ...
Neurotransmitter Profile of Saccadic Omnipause Neurons in
... excitatory input to OPNs (Raybourn and Keller, 1977; BtittnerEnncver et al., 1988) the SC must also activate an intermediate neuron population that in turn inhibits the OPNs for the initiation of a saccade. These intermediate inhibitory relay neurons are still the subject of controversy (Hepp et al. ...
... excitatory input to OPNs (Raybourn and Keller, 1977; BtittnerEnncver et al., 1988) the SC must also activate an intermediate neuron population that in turn inhibits the OPNs for the initiation of a saccade. These intermediate inhibitory relay neurons are still the subject of controversy (Hepp et al. ...
The fate of Nissl-stained dark neurons following
... percussion injury model. Nissl stain, acid fuchsin stain and immunohistochemistry with phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (pERK) antibody were used in order to assess posttraumatic neurons. In the neocortex, the number of dead neurons at 24 h postinjury was signiWcantly les ...
... percussion injury model. Nissl stain, acid fuchsin stain and immunohistochemistry with phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (pERK) antibody were used in order to assess posttraumatic neurons. In the neocortex, the number of dead neurons at 24 h postinjury was signiWcantly les ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... There is a regular resting discharge back of the lower jaw (Norris and Hughes, from the ampullae (in Raja ocellata), i.e., 1920). nerve impulses are conducted along the axons that innervate the ampullae without Anatomy being stimulated. Indications are that this discharge is spontaneous because unde ...
... There is a regular resting discharge back of the lower jaw (Norris and Hughes, from the ampullae (in Raja ocellata), i.e., 1920). nerve impulses are conducted along the axons that innervate the ampullae without Anatomy being stimulated. Indications are that this discharge is spontaneous because unde ...
A táplálékfelvétel, a só- és vízháztartás neuroanatómiája
... - acts on the brain to inhibit feeding - the effects of leptin on appetite and energy balance are mediated by hypothalamic neurons: basal hypothalamic lesions prevent leptin action in the brain - brain microvessels bind and internalize leptin. Leptin may gain access to neurons by receptor mediated t ...
... - acts on the brain to inhibit feeding - the effects of leptin on appetite and energy balance are mediated by hypothalamic neurons: basal hypothalamic lesions prevent leptin action in the brain - brain microvessels bind and internalize leptin. Leptin may gain access to neurons by receptor mediated t ...
The Spinal Cord
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
Posterior White Column
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
Document
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
Chapter 3
... When there is damage to an axon, usually there are changes, called chromatolysis, which occur in the cell body of the affected cell; this causes swelling of the cell body and peaks between 10 and 20 days after injury. By the third to fifth day, degeneration of the distal portion of the neuronal proc ...
... When there is damage to an axon, usually there are changes, called chromatolysis, which occur in the cell body of the affected cell; this causes swelling of the cell body and peaks between 10 and 20 days after injury. By the third to fifth day, degeneration of the distal portion of the neuronal proc ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... and relay to the cortex must exist. With the development of increasingly sensitive biochemical, histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques in combination with tracing studies confirmed the presence of several extrathalamic corticopetal pathways that may participate in regulating state related b ...
... and relay to the cortex must exist. With the development of increasingly sensitive biochemical, histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques in combination with tracing studies confirmed the presence of several extrathalamic corticopetal pathways that may participate in regulating state related b ...
Synaptic Specificity in Frog Sympathetic Ganglia During
... elicited directly by a depolarizing current pulse (Purves, 1975). Some neurons appeared to receive both a B fiber and a C fiber input, with synaptic potentials of each having similar size and waveform. In such cases, the possibility that branches of one axon were present in both preganglionic roots ...
... elicited directly by a depolarizing current pulse (Purves, 1975). Some neurons appeared to receive both a B fiber and a C fiber input, with synaptic potentials of each having similar size and waveform. In such cases, the possibility that branches of one axon were present in both preganglionic roots ...
Neuronal Migration and Ventral Subtype Identity in the
... also specified in these precursors, or if this happens in postmitotic neurons, and whether it involves the same or different factors. SOX1, an HMG box transcription factor, is expressed widely in neural precursors along with the two other SOXB1 subfamily members, SOX2 and SOX3, and all three have be ...
... also specified in these precursors, or if this happens in postmitotic neurons, and whether it involves the same or different factors. SOX1, an HMG box transcription factor, is expressed widely in neural precursors along with the two other SOXB1 subfamily members, SOX2 and SOX3, and all three have be ...
Hypothalamic pathways linking energy balance and reproduction
... SINCE ANIMALS UNDER METABOLIC STRESS must invest energy in survival first and reproduction second, the reproductive axis has the capacity to respond to changes in caloric status. Indeed, every level of the reproductive axis, the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonad, has the capacity to respond t ...
... SINCE ANIMALS UNDER METABOLIC STRESS must invest energy in survival first and reproduction second, the reproductive axis has the capacity to respond to changes in caloric status. Indeed, every level of the reproductive axis, the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonad, has the capacity to respond t ...
STATE-DEPENDENT OPIOID CONTROL OF PAIN
... initiated by the activation of peripheral receptors, which selectively detect intense, potentially tissue-damaging stimuli. These primary afferent nociceptors have been studied extensively in animals and humans. We now know a great deal about the molecular mechanisms of transduction and the relation ...
... initiated by the activation of peripheral receptors, which selectively detect intense, potentially tissue-damaging stimuli. These primary afferent nociceptors have been studied extensively in animals and humans. We now know a great deal about the molecular mechanisms of transduction and the relation ...