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Ventricular Assist Devices and Total Artificial Heart
Ventricular Assist Devices and Total Artificial Heart

... series and registry analyses. The highest quality evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and majority of lower observational studies evaluated surgically-implanted LVADs in adult populations (age 16 or older). The RCTs compared LVADs versus guideline-directed medical management as DT and ...
Undiagnosed Anemia in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart
Undiagnosed Anemia in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart

... nemia is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality in patients with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD, ACHD).1,2 ACHD heart failure may occur and worsen by anemia as a comorbidity.3-5 In CCHD with a right to left shunt, arterial oxygen saturation decreases and red bloo ...
corkscrew coronary arteries: innocent bystander or significant risk
corkscrew coronary arteries: innocent bystander or significant risk

... coronary arteries have corkscrew architecture (extreme tortuosity with several 90 degree angulations) which may predispose them to increased cardiac events. Methods: Of 3248 patients, 214 with non obstructive coronary arteries were divided into those with normal and corkscrew architecture. Several v ...
Complete Heart Block
Complete Heart Block

... Medications presented in this section are intended to provide general information about possible treatment. The treatment for a particular condition may evolve as medical advances are made; therefore, the medications should not be considered as all inclusive  Treatment with drugs—usually of no valu ...
complete_heart_block
complete_heart_block

... Medications presented in this section are intended to provide general information about possible treatment. The treatment for a particular condition may evolve as medical advances are made; therefore, the medications should not be considered as all inclusive  Treatment with drugs—usually of no valu ...
Complete Heart Block - Milliken Animal Clinic
Complete Heart Block - Milliken Animal Clinic

... Medications presented in this section are intended to provide general information about possible treatment. The treatment for a particular condition may evolve as medical advances are made; therefore, the medications should not be considered as all inclusive • Treatment with drugs—usually of no valu ...
EEA018-lecture
EEA018-lecture

... Defibrillation is a process in which an electronic device, called an automated external defibrillator (AED), helps reestablish normal contraction rhythms in a heart that's not beating properly. It does this by delivering an electric shock to the heart. All emergency personnel should be trained and a ...
aortic valve opens.
aortic valve opens.

... CO is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute CO is the product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) HR is the number of heart beats per minute SV is the amount of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each beat Cardiac reserve is the difference between resting and maximal CO ...
Mitral Valve Dysplasia in Cats - Veterinary Specialty Services
Mitral Valve Dysplasia in Cats - Veterinary Specialty Services

... Cats with mild forms of MVD, such as those that exhibit no symptoms (discussed further below) and have only mild changes on their chest x-rays and echocardiogram, may not require any specific therapy. For those with moderate to severe forms of MVD based on symptoms or echocardiographic abnormalities ...
ECG Event Represented Duration (Sec)
ECG Event Represented Duration (Sec)

... 350-600 per minute; some reach ventricle notice the presence of QRS complexes ...
Slide ()
Slide ()

... Top Panel. Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) methodology: 250 carbon electrodes mounted in strips are applied to the patient’s torso before a preprocedural thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan, which provides cardiac geometry and torso-electrode positions in the same reference frame. ...
Brain and CranialNerves
Brain and CranialNerves

... CO is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute CO is the product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) HR is the number of heart beats per minute SV is the amount of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each beat Cardiac reserve is the difference between resting and maximal CO ...
Atrioventricular Septal Defect
Atrioventricular Septal Defect

... morphologic right ventricle = RV-dominant AV canal • Varies from mildly unbalanced with 2 nearly normal-sized ventricles to severely unbalanced with a single dominant ventricle and a second hypoplastic ventricle • Single-ventricle physiology and surgical management ...
Natriuretic Peptide Testing Guidelines
Natriuretic Peptide Testing Guidelines

... study published in the New England Journal of Medicine (2). The Breathing Not Properly study established B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) as an accurate diagnostics test (area under the curve 0.91) for differentiating acute heart failure from other etiologies of dyspnea (2). Issues aside that may bi ...
CVS Pathology Lecture Notes (L4)
CVS Pathology Lecture Notes (L4)

... Functional Classification of congenital Heart Disease 1. without shunt – acyanotic 2. with shunt a. cyanotic – R to L shunt b. potentially cyanotic – L to R shunt Tetralogy of Fallot Right ventricular hypertrophy due to pulmonary stenosis and aorta being displaced ...
Heart
Heart

... body ...
- Spiral - Imperial College London
- Spiral - Imperial College London

... Sleep Apnea by Adaptive Servo Ventilation in Patients with Heart Failure (SERVE-HF) trial. They found increases in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with heart failure who received adaptive servo-ventilation therapy, and the adaptive servo-ventilation group had no improvement in ...
Heart Function
Heart Function

... • The parasympathetic branch causes HR to become slower (via the vagus nerve). • The sympathetic branch causes HR to speed up (via the sympathetic nerve). • The hormone adrenaline can also cause HR to rise. ...
The individual action of the heart represents one heartbeat, but the
The individual action of the heart represents one heartbeat, but the

... The cardiac impulse reaches and activates the AV node in the right atrium which passes the impulse down into the bundle of His located within the septum of the heart. The AV node actually helps delay the impulse allowing the contraction of the atria to finish before the ventricles begin to contract. ...
UW Medical Center Cardiac Surgery
UW Medical Center Cardiac Surgery

... disease, surgery of the aorta, surgical treatment of atrial arrhythmias, and minimally invasive approaches to cardiac disease. Risk-adjusted outcomes are reported as a ratio of observed incidence of a complication to the calculated expected incidence, based on risk parameters set by the Society of T ...
electrophysiology of heart
electrophysiology of heart

... • It is a tract of specialized cardiac cells that originate at AV Node and passes through the fibrous ring and enters interventricular septum • Divides to form right and left bundle branches which travel down septum, curve around tip of ventricular chambers, travel back toward atria ...
preload
preload

... Positive chronotropic agents  HR Negative chronotropic agents  HR Cardiac center of medulla oblongata ...
Heart Rhythm Services
Heart Rhythm Services

... some assessment of rate during rest and exertion. Most guidelines and recent clinical trials recommend that resting rates during AF be less than 90 to 100 bpm, with exercise heart rates maintained at less than 110 to 120 bpm. ...
Cardiac resynchronization therapy in the elderly: A realistic
Cardiac resynchronization therapy in the elderly: A realistic

... fact that elderly patients scheduled for CRT in “the real world” clinical practice usually present several co-morbidities, this type of patients has clearly been underrepresented in prospective CRT trials. Renal dysfunction is a common comorbidity in HF and is individually associated with poorer out ...
Sherwood 9
Sherwood 9

... (only point of electrical contact between chambers) • Action potential briefly delayed at AV node (ensures atrial contraction precedes ventricular contraction to allow complete ventricular filling) • Impulse travels rapidly down interventricular septum by means of bundle of His • Impulse rapidly dis ...
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Cardiac contractility modulation



Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a treatment for patients with moderate to severe left ventricular systolic heart failure (NYHA class II–IV). The short- and long-term use of this therapy enhances both the strength of ventricular contraction and the heart’s pumping capacity. The CCM mechanism is based on stimulation of the cardiac muscle by non-excitatory electrical signals (NES). CCM treatment is delivered by a pacemaker-like device that applies the NES, adjusted to and synchronized with the electrical action in the cardiac cycle.In CCM therapy, electrical stimulation is applied to the cardiac muscle during the absolute refractory period. In this phase of the cardiac cycle, electrical signals cannot trigger new cardiac muscle contractions, hence this type of stimulation is known as a non-excitatory stimulation. However, the electrical CCM signals increase the influx of calcium ions into the cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). In contrast to other electrical stimulation treatments for heart failure, such as pacemaker therapy or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), CCM does not affect the cardiac rhythm directly. Rather, the aim is to enhance the heart’s natural contraction (the native cardiac contractility) sustainably over long periods of time. Furthermore, unlike most interventions that increase cardiac contractility, CCM is not associated with an unfavorable increase in oxygen demand by the heart (measured in terms of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption or MVO2). This may be explained by the beneficial effect CCM has in improving cardiac efficiency. A meta-analysis in 2014 and an overview of device-based treatment options in heart failure in 2013 concluded that CCM treatment is safe, that it is generally beneficial to patients and that CCM treatment increases the exercise tolerance (ET) and quality of life (QoL) of patients. Furthermore, preliminary long-term survival data shows that CCM is associated with lower long-term mortality in heart failure patients when compared with expected rates among similar patients not treated with CCM.
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